货币政策与市场流动性

文章研究了影响市场流动性的原因,主要包括宏观经济因素、货币政策因素和市场因素。向量自回归（VAR）分析表明,市场因素本身的影响是决定流动性的最主要原因,而宏观经济因素和货币政策因素也起了非常重要的作用。宏观经济因素和货币政策因素不但直接影响市场流动性,还通过影响市场收益率和波动性来影响市场流动性。     

中国电子商务市场有效需求不足的经济分析

制约中国电子商务市场发展的因素很多,现阶段中国电子商务市场发展的主要制约是市场有效需求不足.从经济学角度出发对影响电子商务市场有效需求的因素作些分析,这些因素包括市场因素、投资效益、经济利益冲突、企业信息管理基础、商务观念与消费文化、国民文化素质与专业技能以及消费者信用心理等.     

广西电力企业市场风险分析及评估

市场风险的形成有多种影响因素。对广西电力企业而言,所面临的市场风险主要由当前的电力产品定价机制、市场需求量变化等因素的影响而形成,如何规避这些因素所带来的市场风险,成为了电力企业减小市场损失,实现经营安全的合理途径。本文试图通过分析广西电力企业市场风险的各种影响因素,并分析估算市场风险的实际效应,对合理规避所面临的市场风险提出建议,以提升电力企业的经营安全性。     

市场的不确定性因素分析

企业的产品市场变幻莫测，存在着许多不确定性因素，这些不确定性因素直接影响着企业产品的销售，在对产品市场环境不确定性进行分析时，其难点是正确的辨认区分不确定性因素的类别并给出其相应合理的数学表达．因为不同的不确定因素具有不同的特性本文通过对企业产品市场特性的分析，探讨了影响产品市场的不确定性因素，尤其从随机因素、模糊因素、未确知因素三个方面对影响产品市场的微观不确定因素进行了研究。     

论人口因素对上海住房市场的影响

一、人口因素是影响住房市场的重要因素住房市场是区域性的市场,住房需求主要也是当地居民的需求,其中的人口是一个重要因素。人口因素包括许多方面:人口规模、人口性别、家庭规模、家庭结构、人口流动、人口职业等。这些因素会直接或间接地对住宅市场产生影响,其中以人口规模、人口年龄结构以及人口流动与住房需求联系最为密切。人口规模是一个城市人口发展的总量,在统计上常用     

美国住房租赁市场运行机制探讨及借鉴

美国拥有发达的私人住房租赁市场和公共住房租赁市场,其关于住房租赁市场的法律制度、税收体系、房租补贴政策和完善的政府监管体制等方面均值得我国借鉴。研究表明,支撑美国住房租赁市场的因素主要有供给因素、需求因素和政府对租赁市场的有效管理和规范。尽管在住房消费文化和土地制度环境等方面我国住房市场与美国住房市场差异显著,但美国发展与规范住房租赁市场的经验对培育和发展我国住房租赁市场仍然具有重要的政策借鉴价值。     

美国住房租赁市场运行机制探讨及借鉴

美国拥有发达的私人住房租赁市场和公共住房租赁市场,其关于住房租赁市场的法律制度、税收体系、房租补贴政策和完善的政府监管体制等方面均值得我国借鉴。研究表明,支撑美国住房租赁市场的因素主要有供给因素、需求因素和政府对租赁市场的有效管理和规范。尽管在住房消费文化和土地制度环境等方面我国住房市场与美国住房市场差异显著,但美国发展与规范住房租赁市场的经验对培育和发展我国住房租赁市场仍然具有重要的政策借鉴价值。     

中国网络招聘企业的商业模式解析

网络招聘市场正在全球范围内蓬勃发展,并且在中国本土市场有着极大的发展空间。文章提出了包括价值因素、收入因素以及市场因素的三要素商业模式模型,并根据该模型对具有代表性的中国网络招聘企业的现状及未来发展趋势进行了深入系统的分析。     

论国际市场的定价策略

价格是国际市场竞争的焦点之一。近年来,因价格争议而引起的国际贸易摩擦屡见不鲜。国际市场定价策略是国际商务活动中企业占领市场、扩大销售、提高盈利水平、排挤竞争对手的重要手段。本文就国际市场定价的影响因素、定价方法、定价策略等问题做一探讨。1 国际市场定价的主要影响因素1.1 成本因素。影响国际市场定价的成本因素除生产成本,如原材料成本、人工成本、管理费用、厂     

对划拨工业用地改变用途后土地出让价格认定的认识

针对目前划拨土地使用权进入市场的行为日益增多的情况,相关部门必须履行法定程序,并充分考虑政策因素、环境因素、区位因素、发展因素及自身因素对其价格的影响,通过市场比较法和成本逼近法科学确定划拨工业用地改变用途后的土地出让价格。     

Frontier stock market integration and the global financial crisis

This paper examines the stock market integration between frontier and leading markets, focusing on the periods of pre and post global financial crisis. Using time-series analysis, the results mostly support leading markets can Granger-cause frontier markets. Frontier markets in different regions have distinct relationships with leading markets. Population growth, industry value, interest rate, tax rate, and tariff of the frontier markets significantly influence the integration between both markets. Energy, gross national income, stock traded value, and high-technology exports of leading markets saliently influence the integration. Finally, the global financial crisis impacts the relationship between the frontier and leading markets and changes the determinants of stock market integration.     

中国股市与汇市波动溢出效应研究

以上证综合指数和人民币兑美元名义汇率为指标,运用多元GARCH模型对中国股票市场和外汇市场之间的波动溢出效应进行实证研究。结果表明：汇率制度改革后,我国股市与汇市存在显著的双向波动溢出效应;汇市对股市表现出较强的波动传导,而股市对汇市的波动传递则相对较弱,存在着波动传导的非对称性。     

Contagion in global equity markets in 1998: The effects of the Russian and LTCM crises

The Russian and LTCM financial crises in 1998 originated in bond markets, but rapidly transmitted through international equity markets. A multi-factor model of financial markets with multiple regimes is used to estimate the transmission effects in equity markets due to global, regional and contagious transmission mechanisms during the crises. Using a panel of 10 emerging and industrial financial markets, the empirical results show that contagion is significant and widespread in international equity markets during the LTCM crisis, but is more selective during the Russian crisis. Contagion effects in equities differ to those previously noted in bond markets for this period.     

Dividend announcements under varying market conditions: The case of specially designated dividends

In this study the author examines differences in the behavior of stock returns surrounding the announcements of the specially designated dividends (SDDs) between bull markets and bear markets. Results show that SDDs declared during bull markets have a significantly higher positive effect on stock prices than those declared during bear markets. This evidence, new to literature, indicates that SDDs declared during bull markets are viewed by the market as more favorable than those declared during bear markets.     

COVID-19 and asymmetric volatility spillovers across global stock markets

In this study, I improve the assessment of asymmetry in volatility spillovers, and define six asymmetric spillover indexes. Employing Diebold-Yilmaz spillover index, network analysis, and my developed asymmetric spillover index, this study investigates the time-varying volatility spillovers and asymmetry in spillovers across stock markets of the U.S., Japan, Germany, the U.K., France, Italy, Canada, China, India, and Brazil based on high-frequency data from June 1, 2009, to August 28, 2020. I find that the global markets are well connected, and volatility spillovers across global stock markets are time-varying, crisis-sensitive, and asymmetric. Developed markets are the main risk transmitters, and emerging markets are the main risk receivers. Downside risk dominates financial contagion effects, and a great deal of downside risk spilled over from stock markets of risk transmitters into the global markets. Moreover, during the coronavirus recession, the total degree of volatility spillover is staying at an extremely high level, and emerging markets are the main risk receivers in the 2020 stock markets crash.     

Financial contagion vulnerability and resistance: A comparison of European stock markets

This paper investigates contagion to European stock markets associated with seven big financial shocks between 1997 and 2002. We apply methods using heteroscedasticity-adjusted correlation coefficients to discriminate between contagion, interdependence and breaks in stock markets relationships. The analysis focuses on a comparison between developed Western European markets and emerging stock markets in Central and Eastern Europe. We find modest evidence of significant instabilities in cross-market linkages after the crises. The Central and Eastern European stock markets are not more vulnerable to contagion than Western European markets.     

Asymmetric dependence structures for regional stock markets: An unconditional quantile regression approach

Owing to the asymmetry of stock markets, this study investigates the dependence structures for six regional stock markets according to different market conditions by applying the unconditional quantile regression (UQR) approach. This approach can address the traditional conditional quantile regression (CQR) approach’s limitation that its distributions are defined conditional on specific covariates. Specifically, we not only examine the detailed linkages among these six regional stock markets, but also explore the effect of global economic factors on them, given the strengthening of both international investment and the globalization of financial markets. The results show these dependence structures are often an asymmetric U-shaped or inverted U-shaped structure, which indicates that the impacts of both other geographically and economically close stock markets and economic factors are more pronounced during bear and bull markets than during normal markets, especially so in bear markets. Moreover, the UQR approach provides stronger extreme-value relationships and more significant asymmetric effects than the traditional CQR approach.     

Linkages between emerging and developed equity markets: Empirical evidence in the PMG framework

This paper empirically investigates the international equity market causal links between Central and South-Eastern Europe, on the one hand, and developed countries (Western Europe and the United States), on the other hand, over the monthly sample period spanning from October 2000 to September 2012. Unlike previous studies, we use the pooled mean group (PMG) approach of Pesaran et al. (1999), which is suitable to estimate dynamic heterogeneous panels to draw reliable conclusions. After cointegration is found between the stock markets of interest, the PMG estimates show evidence of each market's sensitivity to the fluctuations of the other markets over both the short- and long-run, supporting the feedback hypothesis. The impact of developed markets on emerging markets is more important than that of emerging markets on developed markets and the bidirectional impact is higher between emerging and Western European markets than between these emerging markets and the United States. These conclusions are robust to an alternative specification, which supports the view that the stock markets are closely interlinked. The findings are of great interest and have important implications for policy makers, investors, and practitioners.     

Spoils from the Spoiled: Strategies for Entering Stigmatized Markets

Stigmatized markets are those where either the products/services, or the consumers, or both, have been collectively, negatively stereotyped and devalued by one or more stakeholder audiences in ways that discredit the overall market. Many stigmatized markets exist, and many flourish, yet little systematic attention has focused on entry into such markets. Our article addresses this gap by conceptualizing various strategies for entering stigmatized markets. We further present propositions regarding the market‐level factors that can influence which of these strategies firms will choose to employ. The contributions include: conceptually clarifying the nature of stigmatized markets; identifying additional types of entry strategies relevant for entering stigmatized markets; theorizing the conditions under which firms would choose one entry strategy over another; and opening up for consideration the effects that market entry may have on stigmatized actors in targeted markets.     

Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on G20 stock markets

We examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on G20 stock markets from multiple perspectives. To measure the impact of COVID-19 on cross-market linkages and deeply explore the dynamic evolution of risk transmission relations and paths among G20 stock markets, we statically and dynamically measure total, net, and pairwise volatility connectedness among G20 stock markets based on the DY approach by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014). The results indicate that the total volatility connectedness among G20 stock markets increases significantly during the COVID-19 crisis, moreover, the volatility connectedness display dynamic evolution characteristics during different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, we also find that the developed markets are the main spillover transmitters while the emerging markets are the main spillover receivers. Furthermore, to capture the impact of COVID-19 on the volatility spillovers of G20 stock markets, we individually apply the spatial econometrics methods to analyze both the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 on the stock markets’ volatility spillovers based on the “volatility spillover network matrix” innovatively constructed in this paper. The empirical results suggest that stock markets react more strongly to the COVID-19 confirmed cases and cured cases than the death cases. In general, our study offers some reference for both the investors and policymakers to understand the impact of COVID-19 on global stock markets.