半参数变系数空间误差回归模型的估计

研究目标：克服半参数变系数回归模型中误差项可能存在的空间相关性问题。研究方法：提出一类新的半参数变系数空间误差回归模型,并构造其截面似然估计。研究发现：在小样本条件下,模型估计量具有良好的表现,其精度随着样本容量的增加而提高;应用该方法分析我国资源禀赋与地方公共品供给之间的相互关系,进一步证实了模型较强的适用性。研究创新：证明了估计量的一致性与渐近正态性,并通过蒙特卡洛模拟考察了估计方法的小样本表现。研究价值：新方法对于其他结构的半/非参数空间计量模型理论研究具有推广价值,其估计技术在经济、管理等学科中具有应用价值。     

空间滞后单指标变系数模型的估计及其应用

研究目标:处理数据中同时存在的空间相关性和空间异质性。研究方法:本文提出了一种空间滞后单指标变系数模型,结合样条估计法和极大似然估计法构建了模型参数的估计方法,证明了估计量的一致性与渐近正态性。研究发现:采用Monte-Carlo模拟探究估计方法在有限样本下的表现,模拟结果表明模型估计量具有优良的表现,通过对比不同样本容量混合误差项方差,估计量的精度随着样本容量的增加而提高,随着误差项方差的减小而提高,且不同的空间相关系数下估计量仍然具有较高的精度,体现出估计方法的稳健性。研究创新:将空间滞后单指标变系数模型应用于环境污染分析中,结果表明空间滞后单指标变系数模型拟合效果优于多元线性回归模型和空间滞后模型,证实了模型的适用性。研究价值:空间滞后单指标变系数模型能够同时处理数据存在的空间相关性和空间异质性,拟合效果精确,为决策者提供更好的决策参考。     

半参数变系数空间滞后模型的截面极大似然估计

在线性参数空间滞后模型中,解释变量的系数一般假设为固定常数,本文首先放松了这种假设,将解释变量的系数设定为某一变量的未知函数,提出一类全新的半参数变系数空间滞后模型;其次导出了该模型的截面极大似然估计,并证明了该估计的一致性;最后用蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法考察了该估计在小样本条件下的性质,数值模拟结果显示我们提出的估计方法在小样本条件下依然有优良的表现。     

固定交互效应面板截取模型的ECM算法

交互效应面板数据模型在社会经济问题的实证分析中具有很强的适用性,但现有研究主要集中于线性面板模型。本文将交互效应引入非线性的面板截取模型,并基于ECM算法,建立了有效估计量和识别程序。基于不同因子类型的仿真实验结果显示,ECM算法可以很好地识别面板截取样本中的非观测因子。ECM估计量具有良好的有限样本性质,与其他估计量相比具有更小的偏误和更快的收敛速度。尤其是当共同因子为低频平滑因子时,其表现最为理想。     

半参数趋势阈值面板模型及其参数估计

半参数趋势面板数据模型在社会经济问题的实证分析中具有很强的适用性,但现有的研究中,半参数趋势面板模型考虑了时间趋势的非线性,但没有考虑政策等因素对参数的影响。本文将结构突变理论引入截面相关下的半参数趋势面板模型,并基于PPLE方法,建立了有效估计量和识别程序。通过仿真实验和实证应用,验证了对于含有突变点的半参数趋势面板模型,EPPLE方法的参数估计是有效的。     

时变系数的空间误差合成模型

本文对时变系数的空间误差合成模型进行了研究,该模型的特征是利用扰动项中的空间个体成分将不同时期的方程联系起来;同时,允许自变量系数和误差项中的空间自回归系数随时间而变化,但每一个时期的自变量系数和误差项中的空间自回归系数是固定不变的。本文使用基于FGLS和GM方法的多阶段估计策略对模型参数进行了估计,证明了估计量的渐进异质性,并利用Monte Carlo方法模拟了其小样本性质。模拟结果表明,估计量的渐近性质随着样本容量的增加而改善。对中国省际知识生产及其空间溢出的实证案例也体现了该模型的应用价值。     

分整阶数半参数估计的有限样本性质研究

随着对经济和金融时间序列长记忆性的研究,分整阶数估计已成为当前理论研究的焦点问题。以对数周期图回归和局部Whittle方法为代表的半参数分整阶数估计方法在实践中得到广泛应用,但对这两类半参数估计方法的有限样本性质的比较则鲜有涉及,影响了在实践中对估计方法的选择。利用蒙特卡洛模拟方法,在不同数据产生的过程下,这两种半参数估计方法有限样本性质的研究结果表明：在ARFIMA(0, d, 0)过程下,LW类估计量具有较好的小样本性质;在平稳ARFIMA(1, d, 0)过程下,本文建议的QGPH估计量的有限样本性质要优于其他对数周期图估计量;在非平稳过程下,MGPH的偏差最小。     

含空间自回归误差项的空间动态面板模型的检验与模拟

研究目标：探究含空间自回归误差项的空间动态面板数据（SDPD）模型选择和假设检验结果的水平扭曲、检验功效。研究方法：构建含空间自回归误差项的SDPD模型的空间Hausman、LM和LR检验统计量,选择蒙特卡洛模拟进行分析。研究发现：含空间自回归误差项的SDPD模型的各类检验统计量的大样本性质良好;时空滞后项对空间Hausman检验结果的影响比空间滞后项显著;条件LMλ|α、LRλ|α检验是含空间自回归误差项随机效应SDPD模型的最优检验统计量,时空滞后项对LM、LR检验结果的影响比自回归误差项更显著。研究创新：解析了SDPD模型中各空间关联项系数的波动对模型检验精度的影响。研究价值：探究含空间自回归误差项SDPD模型的选择问题,为实证提供理论依据。     

空间动态面板非线性Logistic模型的稳健LM检验及应用

研究目标:探究空间动态面板Logistic平滑转移自回归(SDPD-LSTAR)模型的稳健LM检验的水准和效力。研究方法:重塑得分函数和方差-协方差矩阵,推导识别时间滞后、空间滞后和非线性效应的修正稳健LM检验及其联合效应检验,通过蒙特卡洛模拟和基于STIRPAT的中国284个城市碳排放影响因素实例评估检验的功效和实践性。研究发现:稳健LM检验具有中心卡方的极限分布性质,检验功效好、计算较简便,比一般的LM检验更精确、适用性更广,该优越性随参数局部偏误的出现而显著,应用实例展现了检验良好的实践性。研究创新:提出具有时空依赖和非线性空间区制平滑转换特征的SDPD-LSTAR模型,在ML和GMM框架下推导模型的稳健LM检验。研究价值:探究SDPD-LSTAR模型的选择问题,为空间动态非线性理论和应用提供重要支持。     

层级数据空间误差自回归模型的估计方法研究

本文建立同时考虑空间误差自回归和嵌套随机效应误差分量的层级数据空间误差自回归模型,并推导最优权重GMM估计量,对空间自回归系数和误差项的方差进行估计。然后,定义对应的FGLS估计量,对层级数据空间误差自回归模型的总体回归系数进行估计。通过蒙特卡洛模拟,验证了所提出模型估计量的有限样本性质。模拟结果表明,本文提出的最优权重GMM估计量以及总体回归系数的GMM FGLS估计量有很好的小样本性质。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.