高等教育收费与教育公平问题的综述

高等教育学费制度改革作为我国教育领域的一项重大改革已经进行了20多年的实践,高等教育收费收入作为筹措高等教育经费的一个重要渠道,对高等教育的发展起到了关键性的作用,但关于教育实行了收费以后,有关教育公平的文题引起全社会的关注,本文就近些年的相关文章作了个综述.     

公平视角下中国高等教育收费政策的再认识

教育公平是和谐社会建设的必然要求之一。高等教育作为社会成员知识能力习得、获得认同和保持社会阶层正常流动的重要途径,其收费的设置和实施状况成为影响教育公平实现的一个重要方面。现实当中往往有许多学生因为经济困难无法负担学费而在求学的道路上走得异常艰辛,有些甚至因此不能完成学业。高等教育收费的设置和实施状况成为影响教育公平实现的一个重要问题。     

浅析高等教育公平问题

追求教育公平是人类的理想,但由于中国现阶段高等教育投入结构不合理,教育资源有限及其自身制度、政策上的一些缺陷所导致了高等教育领域的不公平。立足于中国现阶段的国情,从多渠道筹资,完善高等教育政策,发展网络教育及民办高等教育,扩大高等教育制度规模等方面探讨了缓和中国高等教育公平问题的对策。     

浅议高等教育成本分担与教育公平

随着我国经济和社会的迅速发展,高等教育受益日益多元化,人民生活水平有了明显提高,高等教育成本分担已成为许多国家发展高等教育的必然选择.本文对如何实行高校教育成本分担的同时最大限度地实现教育公平这一问题进行粗浅的探讨.     

高等教育公平问题探讨

教育公平是社会公平的重要内容,是实现社会和谐的重要手段。然而我国高等教育发展中由于种种原因存在一些不公平问题,对此必须高度重视并寻求有效措施加以解决,以促进社会主义和谐社会建设。促进和扩大教育公平,是缩小和克服形形色色的社会不平等、反对社会排斥、鼓励社会流动、社会参与和社会团结、实现社会和谐的必由之路。     

促进教育公平构建和谐社会——近年来有关高等教育公平与效率问题的研究综述

高等教育领域中的公平与效率问题是近年来人们关注的焦点之一。依据高等教育公平与效率的关系、高等教育现状对高等教育公平与效率的影响以及如何实现高等教育公平并且提高其效率等问题对学者们的观点进行了总结。认为,与经济领域不同,教育领域中的公平与效率有其自身的特殊性,需要具体情况具体分析。但随着经济的持续发展和人类社会的不断进步,高等教育的公平与效率将不再是两难的抉择。     

高等教育成本与收费问题的价格学思考

高等教育成本与收费问题是当前社会的热点问题。从价格学范畴研究高等教育成本核算的科学性和准确性,考察高等教育收费标准确定的相关依据,可以为宏观教育政策的制定提供理论借鉴。     

新时代我国高等教育区域公平问题研究

我国高等教育存在相对不公平的问题,该问题的存在将客观加大区域发展差距,对社会经济的协调稳定发展产生不利影响。因此,解决教育失衡问题成为当前我国高等教育改革的主要任务之一。通过梳理分析高等教育不公的具体表现,结合新时期我国社会经济整体发展状况,研究分析其根源,对高等教育的区域不公原因进行梳理和总结。在充分考虑高等教育的特殊性与复杂性的基础上,将高等教育公平视作一个长期性、系统性的工作,树立全局观念,从国家战略的高度出发制定科学的改革策略,有效缓解教育不公,提高我国高等教育的科学发展水平。     

高等教育收费的合理性及其完善

传统观点将高等教育视为公共物品,把高等教育作为“义务教育”来办,现行高等教育体系就是在此基础上建立起来的,然而正是这种定性,导致发展中国家乃至全球范围的高等教育财政困难。笔者认为,对高等教育性质的认识是理解高等教育收费问题的前提和基础,高等教育并非纯粹意义上的公共物品,而是一种俱乐部物品。     

Accounting for the impact of higher order moments in foreign equity option pricing model

This paper investigates the pricing of foreign equity option whose value depends on foreign equity prices and exchange rate. We assume that the underlying asset returns of foreign equity option is not a Brownian motion, and use the Gram-Charlier series expansion to augment a normal density with two additional terms to capture the effects of skewness and kurtosis. The empirical study shows that the higher order moments (skewness and kurtosis) clearly affect the estimated prices of foreign equity options. This approach enables us to capture more accurately the foreign equity option prices.     

Estimating tuition elasticities of resident and non-resident enrolments at south-eastern public universities

Due to increased reliance on tuition revenue, universities must be cognizant of the impacts tuition changes have on enrolment. In economics, the law of demand indicates that price increases (tuition) cause quantity demanded (enrolments) to decrease. The impacts of tuition increases on revenue depend on the magnitude of these two changes. The contribution of this article is the methodology used to control for competitor pricing in enrolment elasticity models. For resident enrolment, we included other in-state, 4-year public universities. For non-resident enrolment, we used weighting schemes based on enrolment patterns by school and by state to incorporate competitors’ tuition rates and relevant economic and demographic information. We applied these methodologies to universities in the south-eastern U.S. from 2003 to 2010. We found that tuition elasticities of both resident and non-resident enrolments at 4-year public universities varied from inelastic resident enrolments to elastic non-resident enrolments at the state level. In some cases, competitor pricing significantly impacted enrolments; in other cases, it did not. Across the full sample, 1% increase in resident tuition rates decreased enrolments by 0.3%. The techniques developed in this article can be used by individual universities or university systems to inform their strategies in setting tuition rates.     

Intrinsic versus instrumental benefits of higher education: the challenge from self-funded higher education

ABSTRACT

UK policy concern about the value and funding of Higher Education has focussed on the intrinsic and instrumental impacts of education. Typically, returns to education are identified by narrow economic metrics, like earnings. However, policy makers recognize the need for wider measures of welfare. Consequently, contemporaneous relationships with subjective well-being (SWB) have been explored. In this paper the effects of higher education on SWB are mapped through time. The results show positive effects in the first year at university that dissipate afterwards. Intrinsic benefits from education remain but get eroded implying increased stress from loan financed education with transition to a more instrumental perspective on education.     

A model of adjuncts in higher education

We examine the phenomenon of the expanded use of non-tenure-track positions (“adjuncts”) and construct a supply-side Harris–Todaro model. Low adjunct wages are attributable to a “Hope Rent” from the gap between private opportunities and tenure-track utility.     

How does a pay-as-you-go system affect asset returns and the equity premium?

When applying a differences-in-differences approach, equity returns and the equity premium are both estimated to be more than four percentage points higher after the introduction of a pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) system. In a realistically calibrated model, the PAYGO system is also found to increase the returns and the premium, although the effects are smaller than in the data. Intuitively, the system lowers asset prices, which in turn increases the importance of dividend risk. Since only equity is subject to dividend risk, equity returns become more volatile relative to bond returns.     

机电一体化专业实行弹性学制与学分制的实践与探索

实行弹性学制与学分制是高职教育适应社会发展,培养个性化人才的有效方式。我院机电一体化专业进行了弹性学制与学分制的改革实践,形成了一整套做法,有力地推进了专业教学改革,在培养个性化人才上取得了明显的成效。     

刍议高职数学课程体系与结构设置

高职数学课程是一门重要的基础理论课,是职业技术课程设置的基石和工具.数学课程体系与结构的设置必须科学系统、层次分明、立体多元,充分体现高职教育特色,在高职学生整体素质转变的大环境下,使数学课程设置方案,课程标准更具科学性和实用性.     

上市公司股权激励存在的问题与对策

2014年伊始,A股上市公司就掀起股权激励的热潮,截至3月份,已有益生股份、东华能源、鸿利光电等27家上市公司推出股权激励预案。在我国,股权激励在A股市场已经历了四个阶段,从最开始的萌芽期到股改时的冲动期,再到股权激励的相关办法相继出台后的规范期;随着中小企业板及创业板的长足发展及民营企业的大量上市,目前已经进入了快速发展期。随着股权激励计划在我国上市公司的普遍推行,大量问题涌现出来,严重影响实施股权激励的效用。     

Enrollment expansion and quality differentiation across higher education systems

While the impact of a higher college wage premium on enrollment expansion is well understood, the link between university quality differentiation and student outcomes in this context has received less attention. To address this issue, we model different higher education systems. Academic standards decline in a differentiated, U.S.-type education system - as a low-quality segment emerges - but also in a system in which a uniform standard is politically determined, as in most European countries, since the interests of marginal students matter for the chosen standard. In the absence of full information about graduates' skills, employers put more weight on university reputation than on individual human capital signal. Thus, higher differentiation can decrease the effort and skill of medium-ability students. Obtaining the preferred academic standard is particularly important for high-and low-ability students, hence the trend toward more unequal societies raises political support for strongly differentiated systems.