Meat demand in China: to include or not to include meat away from home?

This study examines meat consumption in China, the world's largest meat consumer and producer, by considering both meat consumed at home and away from home based upon a diary‐based household survey. The results indicate that income growth leads to beef, poultry, other meat and pork away from home consumption to grow more than proportionally to total meat consumption. We also find that meats consumed away from home grow faster than at home counterparts due to higher income elasticities, suggesting that ignoring meat away from home could significantly underestimate current and future meat consumption.     

威海市海参终端营销模式问题研究

威海凭着资源区位优势快速发展,其中海参市场的发展成为其重要的推动力量。越来越多的经营者意识到海参作为一种高档消费品正在逐步得到人们的青睐。这就引发了海参市场尤其是终端营销环节的相互竞争。海参的终端经营者该如何在竞争中提高产品占有率,已经成为人们所关注的问题。通过分析消费者和商家的调查问卷数据,发现威海海参市场终端营销模式的发展具有明显优势,但也存在发展瓶颈。因此,需要通过创新海参终端营销模式,同时改进完善现有终端营销模式的管理和服务,以推进威海海参终端营销模式体系的良性发展。     

International Poultry Trade and the GATT

This research simulates and evaluates present and future trends in international poultry trade utilizing the Armington framework which allows traded goods to be differentiated by their country of origin. Parameters in the Armington model were estimated, and the trade distorting impacts of tariffs and export subsidies on the international poultry market were simulated. Results illustrate the potential impacts of increased trade protection on future market potential oversees. They also demonstrate the importance of a meaningful agreement on agricultural trade in the Uruguay Round of the GATT.     

Structure and Dynamics of Livestock Marketing in Rural Uganda: Constraints and Prospects for Research and Development

ABSTRACT

The projected global expansion in consumption of meat and other livestock products potentially offers sub-Saharan African small-holder farmers opportunities to escape from the poverty trap. A necessary condition for exploiting this potential is the establishment of marketing systems that provide farmers with reasonable incentives to participate in the market. In this study, the functioning of livestock markets in rural Uganda is analyzed based on a survey of 401 livestock keepers, complimented with focus group discussions with livestock traders and policy planners. The first part is dedicated to the empirical analysis of key organizational and institutional arrangements. Constraints along the marketing chain as well as potential institutional solutions are illuminated. The second part is dedicated to propositions of new areas where more work and new results are needed to improve the functioning of the livestock marketing chain. Empirical findings indicated the following institutional constraints: a poor market information system, lack of grades and standards, lack of trade finance, poor contract enforcement and dispute settlement, disorganized actors, high transaction risks, and poorly developed marketing infrastructure. The study recommends a structured approach to livestock marketing, market infrastructure development, and emphasis on arbitration systems as specific ways of improving the efficiency of livestock marketing in Uganda and other developing countries.     

国家森林公园年卡市场开发与营销策略——以福州国家森森公园为案例

查阅福州国家森林公园的各种历史资料,结合所收集的福州国家森林公园年卡调查的数据,对福州国家森林公园年卡市场开发做了可行性分析,明确了福州国家森林公园年卡市场定位,提出了年卡市场开发的策略和营销策略。     

Rice Consumption Patterns in Kuwait and Its Future Market

Abstract

With changing demographic patterns in the State of Kuwait, the per capita consumption of rice in Kuwait is decreasing over time. It seems that the Socio-Economic changes taking place in the country have affected the tastes and preferences of the Kuwaities with regard to the consumption of rice versus other competing Western starch dish products such as breads, pastas, and potatoes. This paper tests several hypotheses about the relationship between demographics and rice consumption, and examines rice-related buying and consumption behaviors of Kuwaities. Implications of the findings and recommendations are given. A general marketing strategy is also suggested regarding future implications of rice and rice products within the Kuwaiti society.     

Perceptions of “Organic” Food: A View Through Brand Theory

Globally, the organic food industry has experienced impressive growth rates, especially in the United States and Europe, yet still accounts for a relatively small portion of total food sales. In the United States, it constitutes less than 5% percent of food sales despite a decade of support by the U.S. National Organic Standard. Using the United States as a context, the authors show through survey data and confirmatory factor analysis that when “organic” is examined through the lens of brand theory, it is clear that it has yet to attain brand equity. There is evidence of brand awareness and perceived quality, suggesting that the industry has moved in the right direction. Yet negative perceptions of value and no evidence of brand loyalty undermine the industry’s goals. Because “organic” carries different significance to different consumers, the industry will have to develop a cohesive strategy to reestablish “organic” in a unified way. For country markets of similar experience with organic food, and for markets just beginning to consider consumer interest in organic food, these lessons from the United States offer guidance for policy and marketing strategy.     

Strategic Marketing in International Agribusiness

No abstract available for this article.     

Who Pays More for Food?

Building on research with unit values, we demonstrate how a household's per serving and total vegetable expenditures depend on both the characteristics of the household and on its location. The lower a household's income, for example, the lower is vegetable spending, all else constant. However, households living in communities with high real estate prices, or with a high incidence of poverty, among other things, tend to pay more. Simulations further illustrate the effect that a community's characteristics can have on a household's vegetable spending, if the household lives in each of 10 cities in the United States.     

Retail Demand for Natural Dye Plants and Dye Plant Products: A Conjoint Analysis

Herbalists, fiber artists, and herb growers are increasingly interested in growing, marketing, and using local plants as natural dyes. As the market in the United States and Canada develops, fiber art and quilting stores are the primary retail market outlets for natural dye plants and dye plant products. Conjoint analysis was used to evaluate U.S. and Canadian retailer interest in natural dye plants/dye plant products and to estimate market shares. The largest retail market share was for dyed materials, such as yarn or fabric, that are dyed in primary colors, using certified organic plants, and grown on farms in the United States or Canada.     

经济林产品消费行为研究——以福州市居民为例

以经济林产品市场消费的实地调研为主:在相关经济林产品消费理论的基础上结合本课题实际设计出了一份消费者调查问卷,对市场经济林产品的消费情况、品种、动因及月消费额进行了统计分析。通过对调查数据和样本的分析,得出目前大众对经济林产品的消费量还比较少,对其营养价值的认知还有待提高,其中木本水果的消费意向最高,而木本油料的消费意向相对比较低,公众对木本粮食的消费因性别和收入水平有所差异。总的来说,公众对经济林产品的消费意向有增大的趋势。     

土地营销策略探讨

营销是土地市场发展到一定阶段的产物,是促进土地及时交易、实现预期的土地经济效益和社会效益的重要手段。因此,根据土地这一特殊商品的性质,在对土地市场营销环境进行分析的基础上,有针对性地采取土地、价格、渠道和促销等策略来达到土地营销的目的。     

The Impact of Negativity on Separability Testing

During separability testing, it has not been common practice to verify if the data satisfy the negativity condition. The impacts of imposing negativity on separability test results are examined for two groups of commodities using Barten's generalized demand system and with Monte Carlo simulations. Results indicate that imposing negativity did not alter model estimates when negativity was spontaneously satisfied. Also, imposing negativity rarely altered separability test results when the data did not spontaneously satisfy negativity.     

Books Reviewed

Books reviewed:
Stroup, Richard L., and Roger E. Meiners, eds. Cutting Red Tape: Toxic Pollutants, Environmental Regulation and the Law
Bardhan, Pranab, and Christopher Udry, Development Microeconomics
Véron, René, Real Markets and Environmental Change in Kerala, India: A New Understanding of the Impact of Crop Markets on Sustainable Development
Wettestad, Jørgen, Designing Effective Environmental Regimes: The Key Conditions
Starrs, Paul F., Let the Cowboy Ride     

我国农产品网络营销现状及优化策略

信息时代的到来,将网络营销带到中国市场。特别是近年来网络越来越成为生活中不可或缺的一部分,网络营销也成为继传统营销模式后新发展的一种营销模式,近3年来农产品网络营销更是异军突起。目前,农产品网络营销市场环境逐步形成,农产品网上交易平台建设初具规模,网络营销得到初步应用,但整体水平较低。农产品网络营销的发展根基尚浅,随着网络营销的运用,诸多问题也随之而来,如企业对网络营销的意识不到位、网络诚信及安全问题存在隐患、农业从业人员网络营销意识浅薄等。为解决这些阻碍因素,文章提出完善网络平台建设、建立农产品品牌、强化物流体系、健全网络法律法规等利于农产品网络营销发展的优化策略。