An Empirical Analysis of Apple Juice Industry of Shaanxi Province in China

The paper analyses the situation of international competitiveness and the comparative advantage of apple juice industry of Shaanxi province. It concludes that apple juice industry of Shaanxi province is characterized by abundant natural resources, cheap labor forces, inefficiency of production, small scales, low growth rate in exporting, low prices in exporting and no famous brand. So, the apple juice industry is faced with challenge and opportunity. Based on this, it puts forward such policies as cultivating new type of apples, establishing the bases, making innovation by the help of institutes and universities, actively implementing authentication and setting up supervision system, and finding a worldwide partner so as to increase international competitiveness of apple juice industry of Shaanxi province.     

The Empirical Study on Affecting Factors of Cultivated Land Productivity in Shandong Province

China is a country with a huge population but scarce cultivated land. The productivity of cultivated land must be improved to meet the increasing domestic demand for agricultural products. Taking Shandong as the example and utilizing X2D production function, the paper furthers the study on affecting factors of cultivated land productivity. Empirical study finds that technology progress especially that of land-saving bio-chemical technological improvement is the most important factor to improve land productivity.     

The Empirical Research on the Effects of FDI on Regional Employment in China

Because of the severity of unemployment, how to solve this problem has gradually become a topical subject in China from the perspectives of both academics and practitioners in recent years. The severity of employment can be observed not only on the constant soaring of some macroscopically total amounts such as the total unemployment and the rate of unemployment, but also on the extremely uneven distribution of regional employment. There are many reasons for the uneven distribution of regional employment, among which the enormous disparity in FDI＇s regional distribution in China is an essential influential factor. This article aims at explaining the interrelationship and function mechanism between 1＂]）I and the change of our country＇s regional employment, and putting forward the corresponding regional policy suggestions through the empirical research on the FDI＇s regional distribution and its employment effect.     

The Selection of Industry Given Preference in Development of Each Province： A Comparative Empirical Study Based on the Power of Industry Competition

As China has joined WTO, the global competitive market is open widely to us and we are confronted with both the opportunity and challenge. The urgent affairs during the project period of the Eleventh Five-year Plan are how to constitute scientific regional expansion program of industry in our country. Based on the theory of industry competition power along with the methods of Factor Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process, the paper chooses manufacturing as its subject irivestigated to do a comparative empirical study on the manufacturing development of each province. Then as to the industry that should be given preference in development, the paper selects some provinces having development advantages according to the theory of industrial cluster, which provides a reference to the decision-making of regional industrial expansion program during the period of the Eleventh Five-year Plan.     

Analysis on Quantity Characteristics of the Fluctuation of Economic Cycle in Shaanxi Province since Reform and Opening-up

This paper analyzes the quantity characteristics of the fluctuation of economic cycle through GDP growing rate in Shaanxi province since reform and opening-up. The results are that the fluctuation of economic cycle in Shaanxi province keeps in step with the nationwide fluctuation, economic growth is powerful, the stabilization of economic growth and the ability of economic sustainable development are strengthened, but the macroscopic control demands to be steady in the second half of the 1990s and the reform dynamics is not deep enough. Meanwhile, we aim at the economy in current China, which is in a new round of expansion issue of cycle and develops at a stable speed, so the paper suggests that the government should adopt neutral macroscopic economic policies.     

The Relationship Between Government Policy and Financial Performance： A Study on the SMEs in Iraq

The study examined the relationship between government policies and financial performance in small and medium enterprises （SMEs） in Iraq. The study aimed at establishing the relationship between government policies and financial performance of SMEs. In the Republic of Iraq, it is estimated that 99% of the business entities are SMEs. They also contribute to GDP and provide employment. Notwithstanding the recognition of the important roles SMEs play in Iraq, their development is largely constrained by a number of factors, such as the existence of laws, regulations, and rules that impede the development of the sector. The study provided some relevant recommendations to policy makers, development agencies, entrepreneurs, and SME managers to ascertain the appropriate strategy to improve the SME sector in Iraq.     

The Cause of Turnovers of Top Management -An Empirical Research on the Special Treatment Companies in China

The turnover of top management is important for both foreign stock market and corporate management. China has developed its own stock market for more than ten years. During this period, a lot of listed companies＇ top managers were on the move. Based on 97 Chinese ST companies of 2004, this paper invesdgates the main factors, which causes the top management turnovers in the ST companies. The results of regression analysis show that the turnover of top management in Chinese ST companies is highly positively related to the change of large shareholder and are negatively related to the rate of net profit to total assets. We also find that net cash flow that is provided from operations per share, the proportion of state-owned shares and the type of audit views have no influence on the top management turnovers in such ST companies in China.     

Clusters Pulled by FDI in China and the Development of the SMEs： Theory and Typical Cases Study

In China, clusters are divided into two categories according to their initial power. One category is the spontaneous and endogenous industrial cluster represented by clusters of a range of small and medium-sized private enterprises such as those in Zhejiang. The other represents those attracted by the foreign direct investment （FDI） such as those in Guangdong and Jiangsu. This paper focuses on the second type. It is an attempt to analyze the role of FDI in the development of industry clusters. It also tries to explain how existing clusters attract new FDI. The factors that constrain the promotion and development of SME clusters are also examined in this research. The countermeasures of promoting the healthy development of clusters and SMEs further are put forward.     

Study on the Development of Coke Industry in China

The paper introduces the basic situation of coke industry of China, and then it puts forward the main problems existing in the coke industry. At last, it points out the current policies and measures regulating coke industry development and the coke industry＇s developing orientation.     

Financial Performance of SMEs Evidence on the Influence of Environmental Uncertainty： A Conceptual Framework

The purpose of this study is to understand the association between environmental uncertainty and financial performance of small and medium enterprises （SMEs）. Current study describes the influence of environmental uncertainty on the financial performance of SMEs in lraq. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of environmental uncertainty on financial performance of SMEs. SMEs play an important economic role in many countries. In Iraq for example, the available data from the Central Organization for Statistics （COS） indicate that private sector in Iraq consists primarily of SMEs where those companies represent 99% of all companies in lraq and this sector contributed over 50% of new jobs created. Despite their significance, facing competitive business environment, SMEs are required to develop innovation strategy in order to sustain competitive advantage. SMEs also are faced with the threat of failure with past statistics indicating that three out five fail within the first few months. This study sought to understand how SMEs manage the challenges they face. These challenges seem to change （evolve） according to different environmental uncertainty conditions. In this study, authors will develop an empirical model that can be applied in other sectors to improve financial performance of SMEs in lraq.     

Research on the Individuation of Client-centered E-Commerce

Developing E-Commerce is a very important task in many Chinese enterprises in recent two or three years, but most of them haven＇t attained their expectant goals. Analyzing the individuating trend of consumption and the operating status of E-Commerce, this paper emphasizes that only Chinese enterprises develop client-centered E-Commerce considering their practice conditions can they fit the individuating trend of consumption and E-Commerce, and puts forward some proposals for the individuation of this client-centered E-Commerce for Chinese enterprises in the new century.     

Research on the Application of Customer Relationship Management in Chinese Banking

Customer Relationship Management （CRM） can help banks in China facing the challenge of intensive market competition to enhance their core competence. With the application of CRM, Chinese banking will provide high quality financial services to customers, thus strengthen market status of banks in China.     

A Study on Guiding and Supporting Effect of Innovation of Concept and Thinking Mode

This paper explains guiding and support effect of innovation of concept and thinking mode in the mutual dynamic among innovation of concept and thinking mode, market institutional innovation and technological innovation by a tentative study of them. That is, the change of ideas and values lead to variation of variety and multilayermarket demand that develops demand of innovation of product that further induces market institutional innovation to gear to changes of ideas and values. Technological innovation basing on innovation of concept and thinking mode, simultaneously, is materialized for innovation of product and innovation of craft, material and management which satisfy variation of variety and multilayer market demand.     

An Analysis of Tax Incentives to Attract FDI in Bangladesh： An Empirical Study

The purpose of the study is to understand whether it is still viable to use tax incentives to attract foreign direct investment （FDI） considering their effectiveness and costs to the country, and if not, what should be the alternative, effective, and viable means of promoting the vital FDI inflow. The study investigated various incentives provided by BOI, and other relevant sources available as secondary sources. However, the multinational enterprises （MNEs） are not attracting for investment in Bangladesh always with tax incentives and there are alternative means of attracting FDI such as direct financial grants, subsidies loan guarantees, etc. This paper focuses on tax incentives and the debate against the effectiveness and efficiency in attracting FDI.     

The Empirical Research on Development Status of New and High-tech Enterprises （NHTEs）： An Application of the Markov Chain Model

This paper divides the development state of NHTEs into six kinds. A predictive model using the Markov method for forecasting the development state of NHTEs is set up. Because enterprise development environment is stable, the condition of Markov chain analysis is satisfied. This paper utilizes Markov model to analyze and predict evolution and development of development states of NHTEs. The paper reviews the development and transfer states of NHTEs after 3 years and 6 years. The conclusion is that the number of existing NHTEs which still stay at top 40% states will decrease along with the increase of steps, and the number of exiting increases, through several steps transfer in Markov transfer matrix, will have reference value for standardizing management of NHTEs.     

Study on the Method of Regional Purchasing Power Parity in China

China is a country with great territory and the price level has remarkable disparity among various regions, which affects the accuracy of many economic indexes. Using the calculating way of the purchasing power parity of the United Nations International Comparison Project （ICP）, this paper chooses 127 samples of commodities and services as comparison programs for 31 provinces and calculates purchasing power parity of every province in 2002 by taking Shanghai as a norm. The aim of this article is to study the method of regional purchasing power parity of our country.     

An Empirical Study of China''''s Fiscal Decentralization at the County Level

County government in China is highly important,but largely understudied.From the studies doneupon other layers of governments,some rough picturesof the county's position in intergovernmental fiscal hi-erarchy were deduced and accepted as norms.However,no empirical test has been conducted on these domi-nant scenarios.This study aims to fill this gap.Hypoth-eses on fiscal decentralization at county governments     

International Accounting Firms in China— An Empirical Research on Competition and Cooperation

This article bases on game theory, analyzing the pattern of competition and cooperation of domestic accounting firms and international accounting firms in the view of asymmetric information game. The authors will use empirical research method to analyze equilibrium associating the auditing marketing situations, and give some points on Chinese accounting market development strategy in face of the world＇s challenges.