基于商业生态系统视角谈企业竞争战略

在经济全球化和网络化的现代商业中,企业经营环境表现出极大的不确定性,即动态性和复杂性;同时企业竞争规则也发生了变化,企业与其供应商、生产者、销售商、顾客、其他组织,以及相关利益者的合作关系越来越密切,企业间的竞争已不再是单个企业间那种你死我活的竞争,而是基于商业生态系统下的共同进化以及不同商业生态系统之间及其内部的竞争。     

初探我国企业社会责任——基于中美企业社会责任报告之比较

自十六届六中全会提出构建社会主义和谐社会以来,我国政府在相关方面做了相当多的工作,但与此同时,食品安全事件、环境污染事件、民工工作安全尤其是矿工事件等等一系列事件让我们不得不重新审视我国企业社会责任问题。本文主要从通过对美国通用汽车和我国一汽轿车这两个企业的社会责任报告披露情况的对比,提出对我国企业社会责任的几点思考。     

对企业社会责任的思考

国际上正在风行的社会责任运动也越来越直接地影响到中国企业,"重大矿难"、"毒奶粉"、"苏丹红"等等触目惊心的字眼频频出现也使社会公众要求提高企业社会责任的呼声日益高涨,中国企业的发展正处在一个急功近利的历史阶段。如何摆正企业与社会的关系,如何发挥企业的社会责任,企业到底应该肩负起哪些社会责任?今天在中国掀起一场企业社会责任的大讨论是十分必要的和及时的。     

商业生态系统视角的企业协同进化战略构建

随着商业环境的网络化和全球化日益加剧,企业生态环境日益复杂化,为在未来的激烈竞争中获得生存和持续发展,企业应当从生态学这个新的角度来考虑企业进化的战略问题。商业生态系统理论作为一个新生理论,关注整个商业生态系统的进化,强调作为个体或部分的企业与整体的协调以更好地利用共生关系来获得自身的成功,因此,本文选择以商业生态系统理论为指导来研究企业进化战略的相关问题。着重分析了商业生态系统中各个价值主体(企业、竞争对手、供应商和顾客)的协同进化机制,并构建了商业生态环境下企业协同进化战略。     

基于环境保护视角的企业社会责任

企业在现代社会中发挥着越来越重要的作用,在追求经济利益的同时也带来了严重的环境污染问题。企业对环境产生的影响与作用远远甚于个人,企业环境责任不仅关系到企业的长远发展,还关系到社会的可持续发展。本文从企业环境社会责任的含义出发,阐述了企业履行环境责任的依据以及在实际实施过程中的缺失,并对如何更好地履行环境社会责任提出相应的建议,以期对实现企业环境责任做出有所助益的探讨。     

我国企业社会责任探究

随着中国经济的快速发展与社会地位的不断提高,我国企业在国际国内的市场影响力日益扩大,我国企业为推动中国经济的发展起到了不可磨灭的作用。企业拥有良好的社会责任意识,自觉履行应该承担的社会责任,不仅可以提升企业的整体形象,加速企业的成长发展历程,更有利于企业的健康可持续发展。在激烈的市场竞争中,企业在经济领域的责任表现极佳,但在社会责任的承担上,依然存在许多的不足。文章通过对现存的企业责任问题进行研究,在总结各方经验、详细分析的基础上,提出了一系列改进方法与提升措施。     

我国烟草企业的发展战略——基于企业社会责任视角

烟草企业的社会责任具有双重性,本文根据我国烟草企业的实际情况,从烟草企业履行社会责任的角度,探讨烟草企业对国家、对人民利益最大化的发展战略,指出逐步减少烟草的经营,实现自我否定,是烟草企业履行社会责任的终极目标。     

基于法律视角下的企业社会责任

履行社会责任对于企业来说意义十分重大,能够帮助其取得良好的社会效益与经济利益。从企业外部角度来看,能够提高企业自身的社会地位,改进企业的生存环境,获得广大消费者的信任与支持;从企业内部角度来看,能够建立完善其内部的治理结构,为企业的发展提供有利的价值导向,并促进其经营管理能力与经济绩效的提升;从企业的其他利益相关者角度来看,能够帮助其维护自身的合法权益;从国家与社会公共利益的角度来看,能够帮助其建设和谐社会与促进社会经济之发展。企业的社会责任展现出传统企业为了适应快速变化的现实社会经济而进行的适应性转变。对于我国企业来说,应当在获得企业利润和承担社会责任之间寻求平衡,建立公平而富有效率的利益均衡体制。本文对企业社会责任的概念进行了界定,剖析了企业社会责任的主要内容,指出了企业社会责任的鲜明特征,论述了我国企业社会责任法律化的必要性,并提出了对我国企业社会责任法律化的几点建议。     

企业社会责任风险管理研究

企业面临着越来越多来自利益相关的压力．分析了企业由于承担的社会责任不合理所导致的社会责任风险,介绍了企业进行社会责任风险管理的一般流程,希望通过本文引起对社会责任风险研究的重视。     

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Social Enterprise

In this article, we contend that due to their size and emphasis upon addressing external social concerns, the corporate relationship between social enterprises, social awareness and action is more complex than whether or not these organisations engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). This includes organisations that place less emphasis on CSR as well as other organisations that may be very proficient in CSR initiatives, but are less successful in recording practices. In this context, we identify a number of internal CSR markers that may be applied to measuring the extent to which internal CSR practices are being observed. These considerations may be contrasted with the evidence that community based CSR activities is often well developed in private sector small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) (Observatory of European SMEs, 2002), a situation which may be replicated in social enterprises especially those that have grown from micro-enterprises embedded in local communities. We place particular emphasis upon the implications for employee management. Underpinning our position is the Aristotelian-informed capabilities approach, a theory of human development and quality of life, developed by Sen (1992; 1999) and Nussbaum (1999) which has been developed further, in an organisational context, (e.g., Cornelius, 2002); Cornelius and Gagnon, 2004; Gagnon and Cornelius, 1999; Vogt, 2005. We contend that the capabilities approach offers additional insights into CSR in social enterprises in general and internal CSR activity in particular. Our article concludes with proposals for future research initiatives and reflections upon social enterprise development from a capabilities perspective.     

The Research on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Common Prosperity

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and common prosperity have the consistency of philosophy and goal. In the process of delivering CSR, enterprises can merge their tangible and intangible assets to realize a positive cycle of sustainable development and common prosperity. Enterprises can also open up space for both commercial and social value by integrating altruism with self-interest, public welfare with utilitarianism, cost with capital, and today's developmentwith tomorrow's development. Indeed, the unification of commercial value and social value can extend pathways to common prosperity and improve common prosperity. By way of the super CSR, enterprises can spread the wealth of their culture and values to society through material products, ethical products, and intergenerational inheritance based on the high compatibility of enterprise high-dimensional culture, enterprise craftsmanship, and enterprise civilizations. They can thus play a leading role in promoting the ethical wealth of the whole of society. Public and private enterprises should maximize their respective advantages in promoting common prosperity of society for realizing the common progress of the people, and should strike a balance between efficiency and fairness.     

社会资本理论视角的企业慈善捐赠行为研究

企业慈善捐赠行为是企业履行企业社会责任的重要方式。本文站在社会网络的视角,基于社会资本理论分析了企业履行社会责任的慈善捐赠行为。结果表明:企业慈善捐赠行为能够提高企业所处网络其它主体对它的信任度和义务认同度,可以提高企业的社会资本丰度;企业慈善捐赠行为对社会资本的纵向关系资本、横向关系资本和社会关系资本三个维度都具有积极的影响,各分维度社会网络主体往往更倾向与慈善企业建立连结关系。     

Corporate Social Strategy in Multinational Enterprises: Antecedents and Value Creation

In this article, we examine the relationship of the multinational firm’s market environment, stakeholders, resources, and values to the development of strategic social planning and strategic social positioning. Using a sample of multinational enterprises in Mexico, we examine the relationship of these different ways of conducting social strategy to the creation of value by the firm. The market conditions of munificence and dynamism, and the resource for continuous innovation are found to be related to strategic social positioning. The social responsibility orientation of the firm is related to strategic social planning. Positioning is related to value creation for the multinational firm, but planning is not. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice. Bryan W. Husted is a professor of management at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico) and Alumni Association Chair of Business Ethics at the Instituto de Empresa (Spain). His research focuses on corporate social and environmental management. His work has appeared in such publications as the Journal of Management Studies, Organization Science, and the Journal of Business Ethics. David B. Allen is a professor of strategy at the Instituto de Empresa (Spain). He received an MBA from New York University and his M.F.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on non-market strategy. His work has appeared in such publications as the Journal of International Business Studies and the Journal of Business Ethics. He has consulted extensively for European and American multinational firms.     

Corporate Social Responsibility: Views from the Frontline

This paper offers an evaluation of corporate policy and practice in respect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) deriving from an analysis of qualitative data, obtained during semi-structured interviews with the representatives of 16 companies from a variety of UK sectors including retail, mining, financial services and mobile telephony. The findings of the empirical survey are presented in five sections that trace chronologically the process of CSR policy development. The first identifies the meaning attributed to CSR by the respondent companies followed in the second section by the factors that are driving them to implement the CSR agenda. The third examines the use of the language of CSR and the concept’s role as either a substantive concept or simple label. The fourth identifies the criteria used for determining CSR policies and the objectives underlying them. The fifth and final section offers an analysis of the respondents’ predictions as to the future development of CSR. On the basis of the findings of the survey, this paper argues that, despite genuine attempts on the part of those responsible for CSR policy development to address stakeholder concerns, the context within which CSR has been implemented hinders its potential to offer stakeholders sufficient information by which to evaluate corporate performance in respect of CSR and the ability of CSR to operate as a meaningful and systematic constraint on corporate behaviour. Lisa Whitehouse is a Senior Lecturer in the Law School at the University of Hull. She has published in the areas of the English law of mortgage, the UK railway infrastructure and corporate social responsibility. She received her Ph.D. in Law from the University of Hull.     

社会责任履行与企业信誉资本生成——基于问卷调查的实证分析

信誉是企业利益相关者对企业的一种综合评价,社会责任影响利益相关者行为,因此对企业信誉可能产生积极的影响.通过问卷调查的实证分析,发现顾客责任、环境责任和慈善责任对企业信誉有显著的正向影响,而政府责任和员工责任对企业信誉影响不明显.     

Corporate Social Responsibility and Long-term Compensation: Evidence from Canada

This paper examines the association between long-term compensation and corporate social responsibility (CSR) for 90 publicly traded Canadian firms. Social responsibility is considered to include concerns for social factors and the environment (e.g. Johnson, R. and D. Greening: 1999, Academy of Management Journal 42(5), 564-578; Kane, E. J. (2002, Journal of Banking and Finance 26:, 1919-1933; McGuire, J. et al. 2003, Journal of Business Ethics 45 (4), 341-359). Long-term compensation attempts to focus executives efforts on optimizing the longer term, which should direct their attention to factors traditionally associated with socially responsible executives (Mahapatra, S. 1984, Journal of Financial Economicsit 20, 347-376). As hypothesized, we found a significant relationship between the long-term compensation and total CSR weakness as well as the product/environmental weakness dimension of CSR. In addition, we found a marginally significant relationship between long-term compensation and total corporate responsibility. Our findings are that executives long-term compensation is associated with a firms environmental actions, and that firms that utilize long-term compensation are more likely to mitigate product/environment weaknesses than those that do not. Implications for practice and research are discussed.     

Social Marketing and Privately Held Companies: The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on Romanian Consumers

The notion of corporate social responsibility has evolved into a fairly complex concept that can influence the very world we live in. Today's society is interested not only in companies' financial results but also in the way they conduct their businesses. Corporations everywhere try to respond to new environmental challenges by actively engaging in the life of the community and by developing relationships based on mutual trust with consumers. This article introduces the corporate social responsibility domain by underlining the importance of this concept to the later development of a company. The article denounces the results of research conducted on Romanian consumers regarding corporate social responsibility campaigns undergone by firms in Romania. Its purpose is to bring insight into Romanian consumers' perceptions of recent social campaigns, reviewing the extent to which these consumers are willing to become involved in society's well-being. The survey conducted here attempts to provide answers to issues that concern the companies' involvement type, their purview, the reasons for participating in society's welfare, as well as the social campaigns' most common action areas. The results gathered show that corporate social responsibility is not only a promotion method, but a method that implies the effective involvement in the life of the community and in its subsequent issues, therefore representing a real means of support for the economic development of the community in question. In conclusion, companies must put their social conscience into use when dealing with their clients and stakeholders, by offering solutions to environmental concerns, resource management, mutual aid, and welfare rising from corporate support.     

浅谈企业社会责任问题

当今世界,社会责任正在成为制约企业提升竞争力的新要素,不仅对企业本身,而且对整个社会都会产生深远的影响。目前,我国存在着一些企业不讲社会责任、损害百姓利益的情况．构建企业社会责任体系成为紧迫而重要的任务。市场竞争的主导方式正在沿着“价格竞争-产品竞争-服务竞争-关系竞争”的轨迹演变。在竞争时代,企业社会责任成为企业竞争优势的新增长点。为此,企业应强化社会责任意识,实施社会责任战略,培育社会责任文化,优化社会责任关系,从而提升长期盈利能力,增强竞争优势。