所有制结构变动与居民收入差距:研究综述

改革开放以来,我国经济赢得了持续快速发展。这主要得益于:以资本和劳动为代表的物质要素供给不断增加;以所有制改革为核心的经济体制改革有效推动了经济技术效率的提高。但是,在所有制结构转换推动国内经济发展和居民收入水平改善的过程中,也对经济公平带来了严重的挑战,这突出表现在居民收入差距的逐渐扩大。本文重点考察了近年来国内外在所有制结构变动与居民收入差距研究方面的有关成果,并在综述这些成果的同时,研究了所有制结构变迁引起经济增长,经济增长与收入差距的交互关系以及所有制结构变动如何传导至收入差距。     

When a Monetary Union Fails: A Parable

The political imperative is an important driving force behind the dissolution of monetary unions. But economic factors are also likely to play an important role. Using a two-country model of government finance in a common currency area, we suggest that when countries are very heterogeneous in terms of financing requirements or in terms of tolerance for inflation, one of them will benefit from achieving monetary independence. The results are contrasted to the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian crown area in the 1920s and especially to that of the ruble area in the 1990s.     

Monetary union: A survey of the main issues

Summary Exchange-rate union in the EEC would involve member countries surrendering a key instrument of economic policy. This is unlikely to find acceptance in the foreseeable future, because of the inadequacy on the one hand of substitute instruments (control of wages and prices; mobility of factors of production; regional policy) and on the other hand of compensating benefits (elimination of intra-European exchange risk and currency speculation; reduced costs of money-changing; greater immunity to US monetary conditions). The world currency situation points the way to a looser form of monetary association, a European currency bloc not committed to exchange-rate unification internally.The author is much indebted to discussions with W. M. Corden and Fred Hirsch, as well as to their published works on this subject. — A slightly shortened version of this paper is also published in Douglas Evans Ed.,Britain in the E.E.C., London 1973.