TMT团队过程、企业文化对企业业绩的影响

把企业文化引入高管团队(TMT)理论,并对相关文献进行梳理,提出理论假设,构建结构方程模型,对有效样本数据进行实证分析,探究TMT团队过程、企业文化对企业业绩的影响。研究结果表明:TMT内部团队过程对企业业绩的两个维度均有显著的正向影响,外部团队过程对企业业绩的两个维度均有正向影响,但不显著;企业文化的精神文化对企业业绩的两个维度均有显著的正向影响,制度文化对财务业绩维度有显著的正向影响;TMT团队过程的两个维度对企业文化的三个维度均有显著的正向影响;企业文化对TMT团队过程和企业业绩具有部分中介作用。     

如何实现员工的工作和家庭两不误?——基于技能与关系的视角

内容提要：本文从技能与关系视角出发,首先考察员工政治技能对职业发展的积极影响,以及对工作—家庭冲突的抑制作用。进一步地,基于工作—家庭边界理论和角色理论,探讨上下级关系在员工政治技能和职业发展,以及员工政治技能和工作—家庭冲突之间的中介效应。利用409份两时点、上下级匹配的样本数据和结构方程模型进行实证研究,结果显示：员工政治技能对其职业发展存在显著正向影响,同时对工作—家庭冲突存在显著负向影响;上下级关系在员工政治技能和职业发展的关系中起部分中介作用,同时也在员工政治技能和工作—家庭冲突的关系中起部分中介作用。     

基于地域差异视角的大学生性格与心理资本相关性分析

目的:从地域差异角度研究大学生性格与心理资本的关系,为大学生心理资本培育提供理论依据。方法:采用MB-TI-M版量表和积极心理资本问卷(PPQ)对北京和广州240名本地生源的经济类专业本科大一学生进行调查。结果:北京和广州大学生在人格类型E-I维度和T-F维度上的得分存在显著差异(P<0.05),北京和广州大学生在心理资本得分上存在显著差异(P<0.01);北京大学生在E-I维度、T-F维度和J-P维度的得分均与心理资本得分呈显著负相关(P<0.05),广州大学生在E-I维度和T-F维度的得分与心理资本得分呈显著负相关(P<0.05);北京大学生MBTI性格类型的E-I维度、T-F维度和J-P维度对心理资本具有显著预测作用;广州大学生MBTI性格类型的E-I维度和T-F维度对心理资本具有显著预测作用。结论:性格特征与心理资本关系密切,地域文化通过影响性格特征的形成对心理资本产生作用。     

中国企业电子商务岗位人才核心技能需求实证研究——基于招聘广告的内容分析

本文在前期研究结果基础上,基于招聘网站发布的1035条电子商务岗位招聘广告的内容,对我国企业电子商务技术类、商务类和综合管理类三种岗位人才所需要的核心技能进行了方差分析。结果表明,电子商务技术类、商务类和综合管理类等不同岗位类型对技术维度和商务维度核心技能需求存在总体显著差异,对综合维度核心技能需求无显著差异。对于技术维度核心技能需求而言,综合管理类岗位需求最弱,而技术类和商务类岗位需求相当;对于商务维度核心技能需求而言,技术类岗位需求最弱,商务类和综合管理类岗位需求相当。最后对培养高校电子商务人才提出了相关的对策建议。     

雇主品牌对高校应届毕业生求职行为的影响研究

基于北京联合大学2021届毕业生的调研数据,本文探讨了雇主品牌及求职行为的影响。研究结果显示:总体而言,雇主品牌对求职者求职行为有显著的正向影响,但雇主品牌不同维度对求职行为的影响存在差异,其中薪酬福利、价值认可以及企业标签维度均对求职行为表现出了显著的正向影响,而工作-生活有效性维度和发展机会维度对求职行为的正向影响不显著。     

高职院校贫困生心理资本与就业能力的相关性研究

高职院校贫困生的心理资本显著低于非贫困生,在专业、年级、是否担任过学生干部等变量上存在显著差异。同时其就业能力在年级和是否担任过学生干部这两个变量上也在显著差异。通过对高职院校贫困生心理资本和就业能力进行相关分析和回归分析发现,贫困生的心理资本与其就业能力存在显著相关,且心理资本的自我效能感、乐观、希望和坚韧性4个维度均对其就业能力具有预测作用,有利于指导我们有针对性的开展教育活动来提升贫困生的就业能力。     

省属师范院校大学生学业情绪相关研究

选取两所省属师范院校大学生为研究对象,采用编制的马惠霞2008年编制的大学生一般学业情绪问卷,共88条题目,4个维度,大学生一般学业情绪问卷对被试的学业情绪水平进行调查研究。研究发现:一是省属师范院校大学生的学业情绪略受专业类型、性别和是否师范方面影响。二是省属师范院校大学生的学业情绪在积极高唤醒、消极高唤醒学业情绪上存在显著的差异;在积极地唤醒和消极地唤醒学业情绪上差异不显著。     

高中生父母教养方式、共情能力和亲社会行为的关系研究

目的:旨在讨论高中生父母教养方式、共情能力和亲社会行为之间的关系.方法:采用《父母教养方式问卷》、《亲社会行为问卷》和《人际反应指针量表》对山东省内600名高中生进行了测量.结果:(1)不同高中生的共情能力在性别方面存在显著差异(t=-4.44,p<0.01),亲社会行为在生源方面存在显著差异(t=-1.96,p<0.05)(2)父母教养方式、共情能力和亲社会行为及其6个维度均呈显著正相关;父母教养方式与共情能力呈显著相关,且家庭教养方式的信任鼓励和情感温暖维度与共情能力呈显著正相关,忽视维度与共情能力呈显著负相关;(3)共情能力在父母教养方式的信任鼓励维度和亲社会行为之间存在完全中介作用;在情感温暖维度和亲社会行为之间存在部分中介作用,并且此维度可以解释43.9%亲社会行为的变异.结论:高中生共情能力存在显著的性别差异,亲社会行为存在显著生源差异,共情能力在父母教养方式和亲社会行为之间存在中介效应.     

个人损益、知情参与和改制改革效果评价

本文着重从个人损益和知情参与两个维度以及二者的交互作用考察改制改革满意度的决定。利用中国综合社会调查(2006)抽样调查数据,应用排序Probit模型进行半参数估计,研究发现:个人损益维度上,收入、福利待遇提高和工作强度降低可以显著提高满意度,工作职位提升和工作标准方面约束程度下降对满意度的正向影响则不稳健;因改制改革失去工作会显著降低满意度,物质补偿并不足以弥补失去工作对满意度的挫伤。知情参与维度上,知情权和参与权的实现程度越高,满意度显著地越高。年龄和收入水平是满意度决定的调节变量。     

高校大学生创造力的倾向调查及培养对策

采用<威廉斯创造力倾向测量表>对宁波239名高校大学生进行抽样调查,探讨高校大学生创造力倾向总分和冒险性、好奇心、想象力和挑战性四个雏度在性别、年级和学科上的差异.结果表明:(1)高校大学生挑战性维度的得分在性别上有显著性差异,女生得分显著高于男生.(2)高校大学生创造力倾向总分在年级上没有差异,但四个维度的得分均有显著性差异.(3)高校大学生创造力倾向总分和四个维度的得分在学科上没有显著性差异.     

A qualitative study of high-reputation plant managers: Political skill and successful outcomes

There has been little systematic study of what plant managers actually do on a day-to-day basis that accounts for their success in achieving organizational outcomes. In our field interviews and observations of high-reputation plant managers from 11 manufacturing plants, we found that effective political skill enabled them to influence subordinates in ways that contributed positively to organizational outcomes. Political skill is an interpersonal style that combines social astuteness with the ability to relate well, and otherwise demonstrate situationally appropriate behavior in an engaging way that inspires confidence, trust, and genuiness [Ferris, G.R., Perrewé, P.L., Anthony, W.P., Gilmore, D.C., 2000. Political skill at work. Organizational Dynamics 28 (4), 25–37]. We observed that effective plant managers possessed a configuration of dispositional traits (self-motivation, sense of humility, and affability), systematically employed interpersonal behaviors (creating accountability, leading by example, and developing trust), and focused on managerial processes (stretch goals, influencing and learning from below, and empowering direct reports). By juxtaposing the political skill and power literatures, we propose a theory of plant manager effectiveness as a combination of political skill and the use of unobtrusive and systemic power to achieve both affective and substantive outcomes.     

Hard,soft or ambidextrous? Which influence style promotes managers’ task performance and the role of political skill

Abstract

Ambidexterity at the manager level focuses on the crucial, but underexplored, role of managers’ knowledge, skills, and behaviors to address competing demands and promote organizational ambidexterity. As such, to successfully complete their assigned duties, managers need to employ the appropriate interpersonal style and calibrate their behavior to different contextual demands. This study highlights the role of the individual in the ambidexterity process by introducing the concept of influence tactic ambidexterity, to denote the frequent use of both hard and soft influence and investigating its role on task performance. Drawing on the literature on ambidexterity and HRM, we analyze data from a sample of 172 middle managers and their corresponding 68 supervisors working for multinational organizations, and provide evidence that influence tactic ambidexterity relates to higher levels and less variation in managers’ task performance compared to the sole use of either hard or soft tactics. Our findings also show that political skill positively moderates the relationship between influence tactic ambidexterity and a manager’s task performance. Therefore, this study suggests that influence tactic ambidexterity and political skill can be considered valuable HR assets for managers.     

The materiel manager's role in executive management

The ability to achieve advancement for materiel management is a potential that few have challenged and achieved. Reasons for this lack of growth vary in degree, but the opportunities in the 1990s will be tremendous. The political skill and team leadership ability expressed by materiel managers throughout hospitals will ultimately result in whether this challenge is met or not. Materiel managers will need certainly to change their perception of their own role, as well as the perception of hospitals, in order to achieve this. The road will be challenging, but with the winning attitude, skill building, and proven management ability, I believe that materiel managers will become successful in hospital executive management in the 1990s.     

Managerial skill utilization: work environment,gender, and training incentive

Past studies have demonstrated that a supportive work environment can positively influence managerial skill utilization. Adopting the instrumentality-expressiveness perspective, the present study extended the past research by illustrating the moderating effect of gender on this relationship. It found that the relationship between the work environment and managerial skill utilization is stronger among female managers than among male managers and further, that this interactive effect is more pronounced in a low incentive situation than in a high incentive situation in terms of reaching a high level of training performance. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.     

Multirater and Gender Differences in the Measurement of Political Skill in Organizations

Organizational political skill is an essential component of a leader's success. The purpose of the current study was to ascertain whether differences existed in how individuals rated themselves and were rated by others on 13 political skills using the Brandon Partners and Seldman Learning Organizational Savvy Multi‐Rater Assessment. Over 4,500 individuals completed an online self‐rater assessment to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. A sample of 131 individuals with 1,056 observer ratings completed an online multirater assessment to address the research questions. The dependent variables were the 13 political skill set average scores and the independent variables included gender and rater group. Significant rater group differences in multirater assessment of political acumen were found in all skill sets. The greatest difference was between the self‐ratings, always the lowest, and the ratings of the four rater groups. No significant gender differences in self‐assessment of organizational political skill were found in the 13 skill sets. Significant gender differences in ratings by others were found with females scoring higher than males in two areas. The findings contribute to our understanding of gender differences regarding the perception of political skill. Organizations can use this knowledge in educational programs to elevate leader performance.     

Comparing the Explanatory Capacity of Three Constructs in the Prediction of Engineers’ Proficiency,Adaptivity, and Proactivity

Advances in the research of work performance have been due in large part to the conceptualization of performance as a multidimensional construct. Recently, Griffin, Neal, and Parker (2007), have identified three different dimensions of work role performance: proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity. Social effectiveness constructs (i.e., political skill) have been receiving increased attention in research and there have been recent calls for further research in the area. This study compares the explanatory capacity of political skill, professional experience and intrinsic motivation in the prediction of engineers' proficiency, adaptivity, and proactivity. The relationships were tested with structural equations analysis of 180 supervisor‐engineer dyad data. Results indicate that the three dimensions of individual work performance are significantly influenced by political skill and professional experience, but not by intrinsic motivation. The results also indicate that political skill is the strongest predictor. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Political Skill,Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi and Career Prospects in Chinese Firms

The role of political skill was examined in the dynamics of supervisor–subordinate relationship in Chinese firms. Data from a survey of 343 employees, their 343 direct supervisors, and 662 of their peers were applied to test a model proposing that Chinese subordinates employ political skill to influence their guanxi with their supervisors, and so promote their career development. We found that supervisor–subordinate guanxi mediated the relationship between political skill and career development of the subordinates. Implications of the findings were discussed.     

Developing and Utilizing Network Resources: Roles of Political Skill

This study examines the role of political skill in the development and utilization of network resources at the individual level. Drawing on the behavioural and network perspectives as well as political skill literature, we propose that political skill increases one's network resources (developing network), which will benefit his/her performance and career success. Moreover, political skill is hypothesized to strengthen the relationships between network resources and performance and career outcomes (utilizing network). A two‐wave study on a sample of 281 supervisor–subordinate dyads from six electronic firms in China confirms our hypotheses. Our examination of the dual role of political skill facilitates a better understanding of the networking process from the perspective of individual skill/behaviour, thus enriching the behavioural theory and network literature. Implications are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.     

Culture in the Rise of Tiger Economies: Scottish Expatriates in Dublin and the ‘Creative Class’ Thesis

This article evaluates the contributions which Richard Florida's seminal ‘creative class’ thesis might make to ongoing efforts to re‐inscribe ‘culture’ back into political economy explanations of the rise of Tiger economies. It reflects upon the value of reconsidering both the role of skilled migrants in Tiger states and the factors which attract skilled migrants to these economies in the first instance. Based upon analyses of a series of focus groups conducted with Scottish expatriates currently working in Dublin, the article specifically attempts to gauge how far the creative class thesis can be stretched to account for the locational preferences of talented migrants. Whilst Florida's work undoubtedly sheds light on aspects of expatriate existence which might not otherwise have been obvious, its ability to account for the relationships which have existed between technology, talent and tolerance in the Celtic Tiger must be questioned. Moreover, if political economy and Floridian readings are to do more than simply inform one another, there will be a need to establish more clearly the complex ways in which developmental states intersect with skill flows and cosmopolitan cultural agendas.     

Social welfare,corruption and credibility

Abstract

Economic development requires that investments by entrepreneurs are not subject to expropriation by government. Unfortunately, public agencies often serve as the instruments by which political elites engage in corruption and extracting rents from the economy. The question is how to design institutions that credibly commit to a stable system of guarantees of property rights and contract enforcement.

Principal agent theory and the new public management favor greater accountability of public managers to elected officials or eliminating public agencies through privatization. We argue for institutional designs that provide a degree of public agency autonomy. We show that public agency autonomy is a by-product of the competition between elites in democracies with multiple veto players. We show that transparency, professionalism, and legality help ensure that public managers do not engage in rent-extraction. The institutional design problem is how to induce public managers to serve the public interest without being fully responsive to elected political officials.