城市化进程中建设用地开发方式选择的经济学分析

文章以微观经济学为理论依据,以开发商的角度,建立房地产开发过程的获利模型,剖析了城市化进程中建设用地的不同开发方式对开发商收益的影响,提出了城市化进程中用地从外延扩张向内涵发展的临界点,分析了各种相关因素的变化对临界点的影响及其与城市建设用地开发方式及城市边界变化的关系。     

ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND INNOVATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE BUSINESS SERVICE SECTOR

Innovative activity is performed to a considerable extent in the service sector, namely within the so-called knowledge intensive business services (KIBS). Particularly emphasizing the role of absorptive capacity, we analyze possible determinants of incremental and radical firm innovation using firm micro data from the KIBS Foundation Survey. The results show that access to knowledge through networking and cooperation is of utmost importance for innovative activity in the KIBS sector. Access to knowledge from universities and research institutions is particularly important for radical innovation, notwithstanding the degree of formality of cooperation. In contrast, access to knowledge from clients or suppliers only has a significant impact on the probability to innovate if the cooperation with these partners is based on formal cooperation via joint projects or formal cooperation contracts. Furthermore, we find empirical evidence for a positive correlation between KIBS firms and clients from the manufacturing sector: these stimulate in particular incremental, but also radical innovation.     

广州第三产业发展变化及空间分布特征分析

第三产业特别是生产性服务业的发展正日益成为支配城市经济的主要因素．并对城市内部结构产生着深刻的影响。本文回顾了广州第三产业发展变化历程、分析了广州市区第三产业空间分布特征．并对其形成原因进行了探讨。     

CONVERGENCE IN THE UK SERVICE SECTOR: FIRM LEVEL EVIDENCE, 1988–1998

Bernard and Jones (1996) have previously argued that similarity in the technologies used by firms in the service sector helps to explain evidence of absolute convergence at the cross‐country level. This paper searches for convergence at the firm level using data for the UK service sector over the period 1988–1998. Initial mixed support for this view is partly explained by strong business cycle effects in the data. Upon closer examination we find evidence that convergence was more likely in industries that had high levels of technology investment, greater exposure to new technologies and high levels of absorptive capacity.     

产业结构变迁与产业政策选择——以东亚经济体为例

在系统梳理已有相关文献的基础上,提出了一个关于产业结构变迁与产业政策选择的分析框架。产业结构变迁的规律(即配第—克拉克定律)是一条客观经济规律,当政府顺应这一规律,它就能选择性地运用产业政策来干预、影响甚至主导产业结构变迁的进程和速度。在不同的经济体制和发展水平下,政府会选择不同的产业政策,进而导致四种不同类型的产业结构变迁形式。以中国大陆、港台地区及韩国等东亚经济体为例,对上述问题进行了探析。     

SERVICES INDUSTRIES IN THE BUSINESS SECTOR OF THE CANADIAN ECONOMY

The focus of this paper is an examination of concepts and statistics necessary to support the measurement of real output of services industries. Although applied to the business sector of the Canadian economy, the issues raised may in fact be relevant for many other countries. The Canadian practice is judged with reference to the international guidelines and recommendations. General methodological issues of deflation are examined, particularly double deflation, extrapolation and rebasing. The perennial problems such as the deflation of imputed banking services, insurance, trade margins, etc. are analysed with a view to provide some tentative solutions thereof. Quality assessment of statistics and the criteria used for such an assessment are indicated to share our concern with the international colleagues facing similar problems.     

THE CHOICE OF THE AGGREGATION LEVEL IN THE ESTIMATION OF QUARTERLY NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

Many central statistical offices use indirect time series disaggregation methods to produce quarterly national accounts estimates or other high frequency variables. This paper investigates the relation existing between the statistical properties of indirectly estimated time series and the contemporaneous aggregation level at which estimation is carried out, when a version of the Chow-Lin (1971, 1976) method is used to evaluate quarterly time series. It is shown that estimation at the lowest possible level of contemporaneous aggregation is not always optimal. In order to choose the level of contemporaneous aggregation at which time series disaggregation should be carried out, the use of formal econometric tests is suggested.     

IN SEARCH OF THE BEST BUNDLE: HILL-CLIMBING CONSUMERS AND THE MICRODYNAMICS OF CONSUMER CHOICE

Abstract. The paper considers the consequences of hill-climbing consumer behavior in the presence of nonconvex utility, and considers the optimal reactions of nonmyopic firms and governments to such behavior. Both firms and governments have an incentive to induce consumers to start consuming goods subject to nonconvexities by offering introductory price discounts. Monopolists appear to offer smaller introductory discounts than is optimal; competitive markets may never be able to supply such goods at all.     

IMPACT OF TRADE ON SERVICE SECTOR EMPLOYMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN AND MINORITIES

Trade data from 1977 and 1985 suggest that, on average, service industries with the greatest trade-related employment gains tend to be more skill-intensive and that such industries employ relatively more women and minorities than do service industries experiencing the least trade-related employment gains. Three important qualifiers temper these findings: (i) Compared to whites, minorities—particularly blacks—have lower probability of increased employment in trade-enhanced service industries. (ii) Unlike whites or Hispanics, skilled black workers are more likely to be employed in service industries experiencing the least trade-related employment gains. (iii) On an industry by industry basis, no consistent relationship appears to exist between skill intensity and level of trade-related employment. The latter finding supports the view that service industry comparative advantage is industry-specific .