学龄前儿童意外伤害流行病学特征及预防对策研究

伤害使儿童、青少年早死或残疾,给家庭和社会带来巨大负担,早死人数的多寡直接影响到人口平均期望寿命的高低.为了解学龄前儿童意外伤害流行病学特征并提出预防干预对策,对武汉市部分城区学龄前儿童意外伤害的发生进行了现场调查研究.经统计分析,儿童的行为特点与意外伤害的发生均存在密切联系;伤害的类型以摔碰伤、车祸、坠落伤及切割伤居前四位.在调研基础上提出了干预和控制学龄前儿童意外伤害的对策.     

用法律保护农村留守儿童

据全国农村留守儿童状况调查提供的情况,在14周岁以下儿童伤亡案例中,约有三分之一为意外伤害所导致,其中留守儿童意外伤害占有相当比例。由于遭受意外伤害儿童的父母多在外地务工,且大多缺乏法律专业知识。因此,农村留守儿童遭遇意外伤害时,他们的家庭迫切需要得到法律服务和援助。下面几个案例可能会     

从投保人的角度谈意外伤害保险的重要性

本文从人身意外伤害保险的含义出发,详细分析了投保意外伤害保险的重要性,并就投保意外伤害保险提出了自己的建议.     

从投保人的角度谈意外伤害保险的重要性

本文从人身意外伤害保险的含义出发,详细分析了投保意外伤害保险的重要性,并就投保意外伤害保险提出了自己的建议.     

北京市某城镇学龄前儿童肥胖与其生活方式关系的研究

目的。通过了解该区城镇学龄前儿童的超重肥胖发生率及其与生活方式的关系,为采取有效的预防和干预措施提供依据。方法。采用分层整群抽样方法,对该区598名学龄前儿童进行问卷调查。根据体质指数将儿童分为正常组、超重组和肥胖组。通过儿童肥胖影响因素调查表,评估该区城镇学龄前儿童超重肥胖现状,并分析其影响因素。结果。男女儿童超重的检出率分别为14.43%和12.05%;男女儿童肥胖的检出率为分别为15.81%和9.77%。超重率在不同性别间的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.74,P>0.05),肥胖率在不同性别间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.91,P<0.05)。三组儿童的生活方式存在差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论。学龄前儿童超重肥胖发生率较高,有男高于女的趋势,超重肥胖的发生与生命早期是否母乳喂养、主要看护人、是否每天进食水果、睡眠时间是否不足、看电视时间过长、每周的运动次数和进食快餐的频率等相关。可针对以上因素采取干预措施,以降低超重肥胖的发生。     

冬季赴俄旅行 谨防意外伤害

上个世纪以来,许多传染病的流行已得到不同程度的控制,但人类受到的身体伤害却有增无减.伤害造成人类永久性的残疾和早死,不但耗费了巨大的医疗费用,而且削弱了国民生产力,现已成为世界各国关注的社会问题.     

学龄前儿童消费状况调查研究

学龄前儿童消费作为家庭消费的主要部分之一,具有广阔的市场前景,开拓儿童消费市场是企业和商家明智的选择。通过调查问卷,探究了学龄前儿童消费的基本状况,分析了学龄前儿童消费的特征及发展趋势,为进一步开拓儿童消费市场提供参考和建议。     

汶川地震后对儿童的公共卫生救援

伤害是威胁儿童健康和安全的重要公共卫生问题和社会问题,在重大自然灾难发生后,儿童和青少年经常成为受摧残的脆弱群体.四川汶川"5.12"地震发生后,瞬间数以万计天真活泼的儿童,来不及与父母告别即离开了人世,留下了千年悲情!还有更多的儿童在身体和精神两方面受到了严重的伤害,需要我们以实际行动去关爱,而最好的关爱是刻不容缓地去实施公共卫生救援.儿童是国家的未来,我们相信对儿童的救援一定是整个地震大救援中最感人和最有长远效果的行动.     

意外伤害保险需求的影响因素分析

我国的意外伤害风险在增加,但是意外伤害保险发展却很缓慢。本文通过构建意外伤害保险需求模型,结合意外保险、消费与储蓄,考虑在连续时间内,作为家庭支柱的意外保险购买行为受财富和收入水平的影响路径,并通过实证研究发现意外险保费收入与工资、受教育年限等成正比。应通过加强风险教育、政策引导等措施,促进我国意外伤害风险保障水平的不断提高。     

广州市老人乘车意外伤害问题的分析与解决方案

目前,广州市老人乘车意外伤害的赔付责任问题非常严重,但迄今为止,都没有见到无论是广州市政府还是学术机构对此问题的专门的系统的分析与研究.本文将首先对广州市老人乘车的制度与政策进行理论上的分析,然后对其实际执行情况以及广州市老人乘车意外伤害问题的现状进行实地调研,对不同当事人进行详细访谈并进行问卷调查,最后提出一个对各方都相对公平并且具有可行性的解决方案.     

Incidence and characteristics of unintentional injuries among children in a resource limited setting in Kampala,Uganda

ABSTRACT

Given that little is known about the epidemiology of unintentional injuries in children in low-income countries, this study sought to determine the incidence and characteristics of unintentional injuries among children aged ≤18 years in a slum community in Uganda. From a household survey, the incidence and odds ratios for factors associated with unintentional injury characteristics were calculated. Of 1583 children, 706 had suffered 787 unintentional injuries yielding an annual incidence rate of 497 injuries per 1000 children. Commonest injuries were cuts, bites or open wounds (30.6%) and bruises or superficial injuries (28.6%) with majority (75.5%) occurring at home. Boys were more likely to be injured at school (AOR 4.34; 95% CI 1.22–15.54) and to be injured from falls (AOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.01–1.96). Older children (12–18 years) were more likely to suffer from fractures (AOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.26–4.43), concussions and organ system injuries (AOR 3.58; 95% CI 1.03–12.39) and cuts, bites or open wounds (AOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.21–3.48). Older children were less likely to suffer burns or scalds as compared to the young children (AOR: 0.23; 95% CI 0.11–0.50). Unintentional injury incidence rate was high among children with most occurring in the homes.     

Does poverty lead to non-fatal unintentional injuries in rural Vietnam?

The aim of this study was to identify associations between poverty at the household level and unintentional injury morbidity. A cohort consisting of 24,874 person-time episodes, representing 24,776 people living in 5,801 households (classified into rich, middle income and poor by local authorities in 1999) was followed during 2000, in order to identify and assess non-fatal unintentional injuries. Incidence rate ratios were calculated using a Poisson regression model. The results showed that poverty was a risk factor for unintentional injuries generally. When looking at different types of injury, poverty was a risk for home, work and "other" injuries, protective for school injuries, while the risk of traffic injuries was not affected. The results also showed that communes in mountainous areas were at higher risk for home, work and other injuries. Overall, poverty was associated with unintentional injury morbidity. However, the relationship varied by sex, age and type of injury. Specifically, poverty increased the risk for children and elderly people being injured at home, and for adults (15-59 years) being affected by work injuries.     

A review of national policies and programs to prevent unintentional injuries in the Americas

Injuries are a global public health problem, with injury mortality increasing in many regions. We describe a survey of injury policies and programs in 23 countries in the Americas. Most countries surveyed (87%) perceived unintentional injuries to be a significant public health problem. When asked about actual policy agendas, however, just one-fourth (26%) of the countries ranked unintentional injuries among policy makers’ top five concerns. Approximately half of the countries reported having a national injury prevention strategy, injury prevention coordinator, or consultative group. Virtually all countries with national strategies and consultative groups had established them in the 1990s, suggesting that concern about injuries is both recent and growing. Three-fourths (74%) reported that their country had a surveillance system to monitor injury-related mortality and, to a lesser extent, morbidity. The study’s results suggest that most policies and programs for the prevention and control of unintentional injuries have been developed in the past 10 years, and primarily address motor vehicle injuries. It is essential that current efforts be both broadened and strengthened so that the societal burden of unintentional injuries in the Americas can be reduced.     

Costs of unintentional injuries among children in an urban slum community in Kampala city,Uganda

Abstract

Unintentional injuries cause deaths, disabilities, productivity and financial losses and disproportionately affect children in low-income settings yet their cost remains under studied. This study determined the household out-of-pocket expenditure and missed school attendance due to unintentional childhood injuries in a Ugandan slum. We used a cross-sectional household survey design. Data were collected on occurrence and associated costs of unintentional injuries during a one-year period from July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 706 (44.7%) children who had suffered from injuries were reported in the one year period. More male children (N?=?415, 58.7%) suffered injuries than females (N?=?291, 41.2%). The average out-of-pocket expenditure on treating an injury was US $24.1 [standard deviation (SD)?=?±$62.8] and mean school days lost were 25 days (SD?=?±51.8). Road traffic injuries (RTIs) resulted in higher costs [mean difference was US $51.1 (95% CI: $11.4–$90.8)] compared to injuries that, for example, occurred at school. In a Ugandan slum community, unintentional childhood injuries resulted in high out-of-pocket expenditures and missed school attendance. The costs varied widely depending on external causes of the injury. These findings highlight the need to invest in population level injury prevention interventions to reduce injury costs by households.     

Epidemiologic features and intervention effect of fall injury among rural school-aged children in southwest China: a short-term cohort study

ABSTRACT

Falls are the top one type in all unintentional injuries. In this study, we aim to explore the epidemiological characteristics of falls and assess the intervention effect. Our research had interviewed 2854 rural children in southwest China. Then, we used School–Family–Individual (SFI) comprehensive education model to conduct an intervention among 1506 children and follow up them for one year. The changes in injury knowledge and incidence rate before and after intervention were compared. We found the fall injury was 37.32% (178/477) and ranked top one in the total injuries. After intervention, the children's fall-injuries-related knowledge was significantly increased by 15.29 percent (P < 0.001). While falls incidence significantly decreased after- intervention (6.24% vs. 3.93%; P < 0.001). From the results we concluded that the falls rate was high and was the prior reason of all injuries. SFI intervention model can effectively reduce the incidence of the fall injury.     

Factors related with unintentional injuries in children with newly diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors associated with unintentional injury in children newly diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One thousand four hundred and thirty children between the ages of 6 and 18 who were diagnosed with ADHD for the first time in child psychiatry outpatient clinics were included in the present study. The socio-demographic information of the children, their developmental histories, chronic physical health conditions, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and information obtained via the Turgay DSM-IV-based Child and Adolescent Disorders Screening and Rating Scale were examined retrospectively. It was determined that 12.8% of the children (n = 183) experienced unintentional injury. It was established that age, male gender, disruptive behavioural problems, and low education levels among mothers were predictive of unintentional injuries. The results of the present study suggest that behavioural problems accompanying ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders are important in terms of unintentional injuries.     

Knowledge,attitudes, and practices of family physicians and nurses regarding unintentional injuries among children under 15 years in Cairo,Egypt

Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death among children, especially in developing countries. Lack of reliable data regarding primary health care professionals' role in childhood unintentional injury prevention hinders the development of effective prevention strategies. A survey of 99 family physicians and nurses from 10 family health centres sought to develop insight into their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding unintentional injury prevention for children <15 in Cairo, Egypt. Approximately, 60% were familiar with the terms unintentional injuries and injury prevention. Falls and road traffic crashes were identified as primary causes of childhood injuries by 54.5%. While >90% agreed injury prevention counselling (IPC) could be effective, only 50.5% provided IPC. Lack of time and educational materials were the leading barriers to provision of IPC (91.9% and 85.9%, respectively), while thinking counselling is not part of their clinical duties was the least perceived barrier (9.1%). There is a large disconnect between providers' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding IPC, more training and provision of counselling tools are essential for improving IPC by Egyptian medical providers.     

On the epidemiology of injury in developing countries: A one-year emergency room-based surveillance experience from León,Nicaragua

Background Regularly available data has been shown to be inadequate for developing, implementing, and evaluating injury prevention and control programs in Nicaragua. A specific prevention-oriented local injury surveillance system has therefore been set up in the city of León. Objectives The aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiology of fatal and non-fatal injuries over a one-year period in a well-defined local population in Nicaragua, as emerging from the perspective of emergency room and inpatient treatments over a one-year period. Methods A hospital-based injury surveillance system was established to collect data for different levels of severity. All treated unintentional and intentional injuries were registered, including information on the external causes according to the ICD-9. Results Of all emergency room visits, 15.9% (9,970) were injuries. For every death due to injuries, there were 31 hospital admissions and 253 emergency room visits. Home and street/roads were the main arenas for the accidents. The estimated underreporting rate was about 6%, and in 20.3% of the cases, no E-code was assigned. The overall incidence and mortality rates were 56.2 per 1,000 and 20 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. However, comparison with a parallel household survey showed that the reporting rate of the surveillance system is only about 9%. The overall ratio of male to female injury rates was 2.1 to 1. The main causes of non-fatal injuries were falls, whereas the main cause of death was traffic accidents. Conclusions Hospital discharge and emergency room data systems are effective and feasible means for collecting the data needed to prevent injuries. However, in a country like Nicaragua with limited access to hospital health services, it is necessary to supplement such a system with additional sources of information in order to gain a more comprehensive picture of injury occurrence.     

Epidemiology of unintentional child injuries in the South-East Asia Region: a systematic review

All the 11 members of the South-East Asia Region (SEAR) of the World Health Organization are categorised as low- and middle-income countries. This region has over a quarter of the world's total population but comprises about one-third of the world's unintentional injury-related deaths. There is a paucity of good-quality mortality and morbidity data from most of these countries. This is the first systematic review of community-based surveys on child injuries that summarises evidence from child injury studies from the SEAR countries. The included papers reported varying estimates of overall non-fatal unintentional injury rates across the countries, from 15/1000 children in Thailand to as high as 342/1000 children in India. The fatal injury rates were also found to be varying. This review revealed a need for strengthening child injury research using standard methodologies across the region and for promoting the dissemination of the results.     

The pattern and predictors of intentionally inflicted injuries on Greek adults; data from an Emergency Injury Surveillance System (EDISS)

Background Intentional injuries due to violence are both a social and a public health problem in most societies. This study assesses the patterns and some of the sociodemographic determinants of violence-related injuries among Greek adults. Methods Data recorded by the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS) during the two-year period 1996-1997 were used. This database relies on all age injury data collected in the emergency departments of three sentinel hospitals, covering both urban and rural population areas. Results Among 52026 recorded injuries, 1322 (3%) were violence related, excluding self-inflicted injuries, while the majority of injuries (28269) were attributed to home and leisure accidents. Weapons of any type were used only in 5% of violence-related injuries. In comparison to home and leisure injuries, the intentionally inflicted injuries occurred more frequently among men, among those 25-54 years old, and were particularly common among migrants and during late night and early morning hours. Violence-related injuries frequently occur in pubs, restaurants, cafeterias and other places of entertainment. However, 52% of violence-related injuries among women occurred at home. Intentional injuries were generally more severe than unintentional ones. Conclusions We conclude that violence is not a negligible public health problem in the Greek population, but is considerably less serious than in most other developed countries. In particular, firearms-related injuries represent a very small fraction of the generally low incidence of violence-related injuries in this Mediterranean country.