Effects of EU dairy policy reform for Dutch dairy farming: a primal approach using GMM estimation

This paper estimates a production function for milk using ageneralised method of moments estimator to avoid the endogeneityproblem. Using the first-order conditions for profit maximisation,the economic effects for individual Dutch dairy farms of the2003 EU dairy policy reform are analysed. With an expected milkprice decrease of 21 per cent, profit decreases on average by22 per cent. EU direct payments compensate for roughly 53 percent of this fall in profit. The profit reduction means that69 per cent of all small farms have negative income from farming,compared with 15 per cent in the initial situation.     

Modelling the EU sugar supply to assess sectoral policy reforms

We investigate the possible linkages between the EU sugar productionunder quota and the supply of C sugar. We calibrate the implicitcross-subsidy between in-quota sugar and out-of-quota sugar.The resulting supply specification is included in a computablegeneral equilibrium model of the EU economy detailing the agriculturalsector. We simulate the effects of the 2006 reform of the EUsugar regime and the effects of a ban on sugar export subsidies.Results suggest that the reform makes it possible to fill therequirements of the 2005 World Trade Organisation panel butthat further adjustment will be needed to eliminate all exportsubsidies as is scheduled for 2013.     

我国水产种业体系建设政策的供给及演化

水产种业是促进水产养殖业持续稳定发展的根本,加强水产种业体系建设一直以来是我国渔业政策的重要内容。论文对建国以来我国水产种业体系建设发展历程和相关政策进行了系统的梳理和总结,把水产种业体系建设政策的供给类型划分为强化基础设施类、强化监督管理类、强化产业扶持类、强化科技支撑类、强化资源保护式等五大类型。水产种业体系建设是一个层次推进、逐步完善的过程,论文最后归纳了我国水产种业的政策演化的主要特点：从外延式扩张向内涵式提升演进、从总体制度规划向内在体制机制建设演进、从开发为主向开发与保护并重的演进、从由政府主导向由企业主导演进。     

Impact of de-coupling agricultural support on dairy investment and milk production volume in Finland

This study analyses the impacts of de-coupling of agricultural support from production in Finland. A dynamic agricultural sector model, which includes 17 production regions and endogenous investments and technical change, is used in the analysis. Investment in different production techniques is dependent on the relative profitability and the spread of each technique in the population of heterogeneous farms. There are relatively few large farms which use efficient production techniques in Finland. De-coupling weakens the incentive for investment in dairy production and causes a temporary but significant slow down in dairy investments and technical change. Consequently, de-coupling is likely to result in a significant drop in milk and beef production in the next 10-20 year period if no corrective measures are taken in agricultural policy in less-favoured areas such as Finland. However, a slow recovery of investment and output levels are expected in the long run.     

我国海洋战略性新兴产业发展的政策体系研究

海洋战略性新兴产业是促进海洋经济转型、实现海洋经济可持续发展的重要抓手。在海洋战略性新兴产业的培育及发展阶段,政策的导向和带动作用十分显著,科学的产业政策对海洋战略性新兴产业发展具有重要意义。加快制定和完善海洋战略性新兴产业政策体系,加速海洋战略性新兴产业培育进程,是当前海洋强国建设的重要任务。海洋战略性新兴产业政策可以分为产业技术政策、产业结构政策、产业布局政策和产业组织政策,组成政策体系,共同推动海洋战略性新兴产业实现快速可持续发展。     

论农业保险制度的政策性与民生性

从农业保险制度政策性特点来看,农业保险制度具有较强的民生性特征。政策性农业保险制度的民生需求主要体现在：农业自然风险非常规性及农业产业结构升级渴望农业保险;农业保险规避风险的有效性及政府的重视等方面。论文认为应根据农业保险的民生特征定位我国农业保险制度的发展方向。     

Land Market Imperfections and Agricultural Policy Impacts in the New EU Member States: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis

This article analyses how transaction costs and imperfect competition in the land market affect the welfare effects of agricultural subsidies in the new Eastern Member States of the European Union. Benefits of land subsidies end up with landowners in new Eastern Member States also with imperfections in the new Eastern Member States land markets. With unequal access to subsidies, small tenant farmers may even lose out from the subsidies. Decoupling of payments shifts policy rents to farmers, but constrains productivity-enhancing restructuring. Using reserve entitlements to mitigate this effect reduces the intended benefits on distortions and target efficiency.     

Winners and losers from food industry policy: An application to Danish food industry firms

Policy impacts on food industry firms are investigated. A new approach is presented for the analysis of food industry policies that focuses on food industry firms. Data from a survey of Danish firms in 2003-2004 are used to define and construct tables of winners and losers from 30 regulatory areas. Two forms of statistical test are employed in a grid-search to identify association between regulatory areas, types of firms, and patterns of winning and losing. Results indicate that the type of firm, rather than the policy instrument, determines patterns of winning and losing. Upstream and downstream ownership of assets by food industry firms, and their trade orientation, are shown to be the most important variables. For several policy areas the pattern of winning and losing is found not to be associated with any specific firm types, which indicates that their impact is neutral across all types of firms studied. Firm size was found to be poorly associated with firms' capacity to win and lose from several policies involving high-investment compliance.     

The status quo bias and reform of the Common Agricultural Policy: impact of voting rules, the European Commission and external changes

We develop a formal model of EU decision-making on the CommonAgricultural Policy (CAP). The model is used to evaluate underwhat conditions CAP reform occurs and what the influence ofthe European Commission (Commission) is on CAP reform. We findthat the voting and amendment rules in the Council of the EuropeanUnion, the number of policy instruments and external changeshave important impacts on the occurrence and extent of CAP reformand on the influence of the Commission. Stricter voting rulesincrease the status quo bias and reduce Commission influence,whereas stricter amendment rules increase both the status quobias and Commission influence. More significant external changeresults in more reform and more Commission influence.