供应链环境下双边道德风险的激励机制研究

研究在双边道德风险下供应链应如何设计激励机制。从制造商的视角运用博弈论、委托代理理论构建了一个由风险中性的制造商和一个风险中性的零售商组成的二级供应链在双边道德风险下最优的报酬契约,借助模型分析得出:在双边道德风险下,双方的努力水平总是低于信息对称条件下的努力水平。同时,在双边道德风险的契约设计中,制造商通过对收益分享系数的设计,可以降低双边道德风险,激励双方合作。     

含有主从零售商的供应链Groves批发价格契约

研究了含有一个制造商、一个主导零售商和多个从属零售商的供应链协调问题,分析了供应链集中式决策时的最优零售价格和服务水平。然后利用Groves批发价格契约来协调供应链,得出了Groves批发价格契约下制造商的最优决策、主导零售商和从属零售商的利润,并给出了制造商给予主导零售商的最优批发价格。最后通过一个算例进行分析和验证。     

含有主从零售商的供应链Groves批发价格契约

研究了含有一个制造商、一个主导零售商和多个从属零售商的供应链协调问题,分析了供应链集中式决策时的最优零售价格和服务水平。然后利用Groves批发价格契约来协调供应链,得出了Groves批发价格契约下制造商的最优决策、主导零售商和从属零售商的利润,并给出了制造商给予主导零售商的最优批发价格。最后通过一个算例进行分析和验证。     

基于收入共享契约的供应链协调研究

主要研究了收入共享契约对供应链的协调。在市场需求不确定下,分别建立了对称信息下与非对称信息下的供应链收入共享契约协调模型,分析了在此模型下供应商与零售商的决策行为,及其参数的约束条件。由此,得到了供应链的最佳利润。最后,通过算例分析,验证了收入共享契约对供应链的协调作用。     

考虑消费者扶贫意识的供应链契约协调研究

研究消费者具有扶贫偏好时,制造商与零售商做出扶贫努力的二级供应链,探究制造商向做出扶贫宣传投资的零售商提供不同的契约协调时供应链的均衡决策与协调状态。综合考虑制造商的扶贫水平、零售商的宣传水平以及价格等因素,分别从批发价契约、成本分担契约以及两部制契约视角进行分析,探究契约对供应链决策以及利润水平的影响。结果显示,两部制契约更接近集中决策下的供应链系统利润,成本分担契约不可以同时协调制造商与零售商,但两部制契约可以使得双方达到合作共赢,且使得供应链达到Pareto优化;政府、企业应努力提高消费者扶贫意识,以此来提高供应链的利润。     

引入供应商的公平偏好的供应链激励契约设计

利用委托代理模型研究了零售商具有公平偏好情况下的二级供应链委托代理问题.在假设零售商具有公平偏好以及零售商的最大努力水平和最小努力水平可预测的前提下,分别设计了对称信息和不对称信息两种情况下的供应链激励契约.     

基于收益共享和风险规避的品牌专营供应链协调研究

以一个两阶段的品牌专营供应链系统为背景,针对供应链上决策激励不一致和风险规避效应导致供应链低效的问题,研究了在实践中广泛应用的收益共享契约对品牌专营供应链协调性的影响。证明了收益共享契约可克服双重边际效应和风险规避效应,使供应链得到协调,并给出了契约参数的设计方案,同时指出了销售商风险规避偏好对供应链决策的影响。     

存在自营店的供应链薪酬激励机制研究

针对存在自营店的供应链薪酬激励机制设计问题,首先在对称信息和非对称信息下建立了由制造商、零售商及自营店组成的供应链薪酬激励机制模型,然后分析存在自营店的薪酬激励机制设计结果及其信息价值,最后对自营店引入前后的模型结果进行比较.研究表明,在对称信息和非对称信息下,零售商在零售店中的努力水平始终不超过制造商在自营店中的努力水 平;制造商通过引入自营店可以获得额外的期望收益,并且产出系数越大、努力成本越低,制造商所获得的额外期望收益越多.     

不对称风险规避信息下的供应链回购契约研究

分析了回购契约下,零售商风险规避程度对零售商订货量以及供应链上成员利润的影响,考虑了在风险规避信息在对称与不对称情况下,风险规避程度对供应链上成员利润的影响,以及风险规避度信息对生产商的价值。结论表明,供应链上成员利润为风险规避程度的减函数,信息对称情况下供应链上成员利润要优于非对称信息情况下。     

引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制设计研究

针对引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制设计问题,首先在对称信息和非对称信息下建立由两个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链激励机制模型,接着分析引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制均衡结果,最后对自有品牌引入前后的均衡结果进行比较.通过分析发现,零售商在制造商品牌上的努力水平始终不超过其在自有品牌上的努力水平;在对称信息下,零售商引入自有品牌肯定会使制造商受到损失,而在非对称信息下制造商可能会从中获利.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.