二级供应链信息共享的价值分析

在一个制造商和n个零售商的简单供应链系统中,建立了一个零售商需求的AR(I)模型。通过对模型的分析,明确了需求信息在制造商和零售商之间共享时所产生的价值:信息共享可以降低制造商的库存水平和库存成本。     

易变质商品供应链合同研究

以一个零售商和一个供应商组成的两级供应链库存系统为研究对象,在模糊需求假设条件下,建立了供应商在零售商已做决策的条件下的最优库存策略.随后研究了供应链集成库存管理模型,并给出模型的求解步骤.最后通过算例说明供应链集成库存管理能有效的减少库存总成本,并分析了变质率对零售商和供应商订货周期以及变质率对各成本的影响.     

基于库存调剂的易逝品供应链合作利益分配问题探讨

本文将解决多人合作博弈问题的Shapley值方法用于解决两级易逝品供应链合作利益分配问题。考虑由一个供应商和两个零售商所组成的两级供应链模型,零售商与供应商不合作时,零售商根据供应商的批发价确定订货量,合作时共同决定库存,零售商之间的合作为共同决定订货量且通过库存调剂(转运)共享库存,三方合作可获最大利益,采用Shapley值法可合理分配合作利益,从而使合作更稳定。     

快消品行业城区中小零售商最优补货策略研究

以城区中小快消品零售商为研究对象,分析零售商随机需求条件下库存与路径的集成优化问题,提出了最优补货策略及其模型,并确定出基于运输能力限制条件下的零售商最优补货周期和补货成本、区域配送中心的经济库容及安全库存水平。采用最优补货模式后,最大限度地盘活了各自为政时零售商的独立库存,并且实现了配送过程的满载和配送路线的优化,降低了运输和配送成本。最优补货策略为空间有限、网点稠密的城区快速消费品零售商的补货问题提供了可行的解决方案。     

基于A-C算法的生鲜库存成本控制

针对生鲜产品零售商的订货策略制定不当导致库存成本较高的问题,充分考虑零售商库存限制因素及成本控制中的各类因素,通过设计强化学习四元组（环境状态观测、智能体行动、状态迁移、报酬）,构建了一个A-C算法的生鲜产品库存成本控制模型。实验结果表明,当库存的相关成本,订货提前期一致的情况下,采用基于AC算法模型的订货策略能够有效降低零售商的生鲜库存成本。     

基于不同营销策略下的库存采购模型比较

把免费运货及价格折扣同时考虑,从供应商对零售商订单采取免费运货和对产品进行价格折扣出发,在顾客需求周期的基础上,建立了零售商的最优化库存采购模型,并给出了在一定条件下零售商的最优订货量.通过和运费统价模型比较,得出综合运用免费运货和价格折扣可以有效增加零售商的定货数量,它降低了零售商库存采购成本,是取得规模效应的一种方法,对于进一步稳定和增加客源有着重要的意义.     

基于移动智能终端的VMI支持系统设计与实现

VMI研究往往忽略掉了小型零售商。小型零售商的库存管理杂乱无序,不利于全社会的库存成本降低,不利于商品的快速周转。一种面向小型零售商的VMI模型,通过引入第三方物流商(TPL),由TPL来担当供货商与零售商的粘合剂,为后二者提供一种灵活架构与操作的VMI支持系统。设计了一种C/S、B/S混合的网络体系结构系统,讨论了三方在VMI模式的主要功能需求,研究了一种担当POS系统的、基于Windows CE技术的移动智能终端,并介绍了跨平台、跨网络的Web Service技术应用方案。基于VS.NET实际开发与实验表明,这种系统是可行的,可有效支持面向小型的零售商、供货商与TPL的VMI模型的实现。     

考虑服务水平影响的双渠道集中库存控制策略研究

主要研究了集中库存模式下,存在服务水平影响的双渠道供应链库存控制策略问题。建立了双渠道总需求随机分布下的在线渠道和传统渠道的库存控制模型,求解出在单位时间最大收益目标下的零售商和制造商组成的供应链整体在获得最大利润时的最优订货批量。结果表明集中库存模式下,需求影响系数仍然可以很好地反映出服务水平和渠道需求之间的变化关系,最后进行了算例计算,表明算法具有一定的可行性。     

直运型供应链中供应商主导库存订货博弈策略

在一个供应商和Rn个零售商组成的直运型供应链系统中,供应商占主导地位,完全掌握零售商的订货成本与库存成本等相关信息,零售商服从供应商所作出的决策。当供应商向零售商公布共同补给期时并给予一定的价格折扣数额后,零售商才能决定自己最优订货策略。零售商是否接受该订货策略是一个库存订货策略博弈问题。本文通过建立零售商每年订货所花费的平均总成本函数方程与供应商每年处理订货和运输货物的平均总成本函数方程,对博弈不同竞争策略下的供应商与零售商平均总成本函数优化模型求解,仿真数值验算得出了供应商与零售商采取非零和竞争策略时供应商与零售商总成本最低,整个供应链平均总成本最优的结论。     

基于库存管理ABC分析的运输与库存整合

运输与库存整合优化是供应链管理中的重要研究课题。论文研究由一个供应商和多个零售商组成的分销系统,在库存实行ABC管理的基础上,零售商采取周期订货策略。在每个零售商处的客户需求是随机的且服从一定的概率分布。我们的目标是在满足给定的客户服务水平的条件下。寻求该供应链运输和库存总费用的最小化。通过对库存水平及它们与客户随机需求变量之间的关系分析,得到最优的订货策略。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.