快消品行业城区中小零售商最优补货策略研究

以城区中小快消品零售商为研究对象,分析零售商随机需求条件下库存与路径的集成优化问题,提出了最优补货策略及其模型,并确定出基于运输能力限制条件下的零售商最优补货周期和补货成本、区域配送中心的经济库容及安全库存水平。采用最优补货模式后,最大限度地盘活了各自为政时零售商的独立库存,并且实现了配送过程的满载和配送路线的优化,降低了运输和配送成本。最优补货策略为空间有限、网点稠密的城区快速消费品零售商的补货问题提供了可行的解决方案。     

基于最短路模型的动态订货研究及应用

针对市场对产品的需求随时间呈离散变化的情况,以动态最优化理论为基础,建立基于单产品多供应商动态订货递推模型,在此基础上引入最短路理论,将各时期的订货费用节点距离代替,建立了基于最短路模型的单产品多供应商动态订货网络模型,采用最短路的Dijkstra算法对网络模型进行求解.基于最短路模型的动态订货模型研究将动态订货递推关系转换成网络模型,网络图模型清楚显示费用流动情况,模型表达清晰,求解容易,容易得出满意解,通过对总成本控制来获得最优策略,实现低成本高效益的目的.     

成品油配送调度模式研究

成品油配送有订货制和补货制两种模式,基于信息技术支持的补货制可在较大范围内进行成品油的统一优化配送,从而提高效率,降低费用。成品油配送调度模式的建立应以机制设计理论为指导,遵循低耗高效原则,以最优资源配置和最低信息成本实现企业和社会效益最大化。     

基于最短路模型的动态订货研究及应用

针对市场对产品的需求随时间呈离散变化的情况,以动态最优化理论为基础,建立基于单产品多供应商动态订货递推模型,在此基础上引入最短路理论,将各时期的订货费用节点距离代替,建立了基于最短路模型的单产品多供应商动态订货网络模型,采用最短路的D ijkstra算法对网络模型进行求解。基于最短路模型的动态订货模型研究将动态订货递推关系转换成网络模型,网络图模型清楚显示费用流动情况,模型表达清晰,求解容易,容易得出满意解,通过对总成本控制来获得最优策略,实现低成本高效益的目的。     

金融票据物流网络配送站选址方法研究

在分析了金融票据物流网络特点及结构的基础上,针对金融票据物流网络中影响配送站选址的相关因素,提出了一种两阶段选址方法:第一阶段采用一种基于DBSCAN的k-means聚类方法完成各配送区域的划分;第二阶段采用一种基于配送网点的递送量与递送频次的改进重心法,建立了各区域配送站的选址模型.最后以某票据物流企业为背景,对该模型进行了实证研究.     

基于RFID的零售企业信息追溯与补库策略

提出了基于无线射频技术（RFID）的零售企业生鲜食品的信息追溯技术和持续补库计划（CRP）策略,集成了整合发货和库存补货,并构建了用以计算最高库存量和配送周期的供应商管理库存模式下的补货数学模型,模型中充分考虑了生鲜食品的特性（腐坏）,确保零售企业销售生鲜食品的质量安全.在通过采用RFID技术实时监控销售和库存数据的基础上,供应商能够依据模型在发货周期内确定最佳的货物配送时间和配送数量,主动补货,在保证食品安全的同时实现总的长期平均成本最小化.     

异质车辆配送库存优化问题研究

本文考虑了不同车型及车辆容积载重、配送优化等约束,研究了多车型短周期配送的带补货的库存优化问题,建立数学模型,确定周期内的配送计划,并设计了一种基于装箱的贪心算法求解。本文最后通过算例测试算法求解本文模型,求解结果表明了本文模型是一种求解多车型短周期配送考虑库存补货优化问题的有效解决方法。     

基于物联网信息系统的零售业供应链订货策略研究

零售业网络供应链订货体系开始取代传统的供应链订货体系,健全的物联网信息系统能够帮助零售企业制定出科学合理的供应链订货策略,进而完善网络信息化的供应链管理体系。对零售企业供应链订货策略进行了分析与探讨,根据零售业供应链订货双方整体利益理论,提出基于物联网信息系统的零售业供应链订货步骤,建立了一种零售业供应链订货策略的结构模型,以确定零售业最佳订货策略。通过物联网信息系统下零售业订货的实例分析,证实了该零售业定货策略可以帮助供应链中订货双方的利益达到最优,为零售业制定科学的订货策略提供了实证依据。     

混合渠道分销的商品分析与库存订货策略选择

以典型的库存订货策略为研究对象,从分析商品的需求特性对相应订货策略的库存系统服务能力和成本水平的影响出发,对混合渠道分销中如何根据不同商品的需求特性选择科学的库存订货策略问题进行了研究;并基于此提出了一个可行的定性分析模型,借助此模型,可帮助采用混合渠道分销的企业根据所经营商品的不同需求特性选择合理的订货策略,降低库存成本,提高服务水平.     

基于QPSO算法的卷烟配送优化策略

针对卷烟配送点多、路线复杂的特点,提出采用量子粒子群算法(QPSO)制定最优配送策略,解决卷烟配送过程中的组合NP难题.以配送路径最短且配送量均衡为优化目标,建立卷烟配送问题的通用数学模型;在对比分析QPSO和粒子群算法原理的基础上,构建卷烟配送的QPSO求解模型,以实现车辆编号和配送次序同步寻优.实例计算表明,QPSO优化的卷烟配送策略能够使配送量均衡、配送行程最短、配送成本最低,可有效解决多目标非线性的卷烟配送问题.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.