基于服务场景的星级酒店感官营销策略

感官营销的基础是服务场景的构建,互联网环境下线上线下服务场景构建能对顾客的感官知觉产生影响,可以为酒店带来差别化竞争优势。本文通过分析两家五星级酒店线上线下服务场景构建维度及顾客五感体验的反应与连接,探讨当前高星级酒店开展感官营销的现状与存在的问题,并提出具体的对策,为星级酒店感官营销提供新思路。     

论旅游目的地联合营销的理论基础及其对中国的启示

时于以旅游经济为支柱的地区来说,目的地营销一直是一项极具挑战性的任务.联合营销可能为目的地旅游组织解决这一挑战提供有效的路径.本文以组织关系理论为基础,探讨和阐述旅游目的地联合营销的先决条件、动机成因、合作过程和预期成果,并对其理论和实战两个层面的影响进行阐述.     

游客感官体验：研究述评与展望

感官是人体收集信息的核心工具。游客感官体验是旅游体验的组成部分,通过接收来自视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉等感觉器官的刺激而形成。目前游客感官体验相关研究虽已取得一定进展但尚缺少关于该主题的系统论述与展望。本研究在对游客感官体验相关概念进行界定的基础上,从游客感官体验的研究态势、内容、机制等方面进行系统回顾,并在此基础上提出未来研究主题,包括概念界定和测量内容的完善、挖掘游客感官体验内在形成机制,以及丰富不同旅游阶段、目的地和不同游客类型的感官体验研究等方面,旨在丰富和提升游客感官体验研究的深度和广度。     

旅游目的地营销绩效评价研究现状与展望

随着公共投资审查的日益严格和目的地竞争的加剧,对旅游目的地营销绩效进行评价已经成为实践发展的必然要求.但由于目的地信息的多源性以及旅游者决策过程的复杂性,营销绩效评价一直是目的地营销研究领域中最具挑战性的问题.文章在回顾国内外相关研究文献的基础上,从旅游目的地营销组织绩效评价和旅游目的地营销传播活动绩效评价两个方面对国内外的研究状况进行了归纳,并指出了未来研究的重点和方向,以期为国内理论研究和实践活动的开展提供参考.     

新媒体技术支持下的旅游目的地营销创新模式探究

本文以新媒体技术支持下的旅游目的地营销创新模式探究为主要内容进行阐述,结合当下旅游目的地新媒体营销存在的问题和新媒体技术支持下的旅游目的地营销创新模式为主要依据,从传统营销形式注重传播、缺少专业运营团队注重形式、构建统一化组织合力营销、结合目标市场准确定位、结合客户需求引领市场、线上线下结合双管齐下这几方面进行深入探究和分析,其目的在于加强新媒体技术支持喜爱目的地旅游营销创新模式发展,旨在为相关研究提供参考资料。     

国外旅游目的地营销研究综述

本文对国外旅游目的地营销研究进行综述.近10年来国外研究主要涉及旅游目的地形象、旅游目的地营销组织、旅游目的地促销、信息技术与目的地营销4大方面.文章在简要评述我国旅游目的地营销研究现状的基础上,结合国外研究情况,认为强化实证研究及定量分析、旅游目的地品牌及定位研究、旅游目的地营销组织、信息技术的促进作用和旅游目的地营销绩效评价应是我国近期旅游目的地营销研究的主要方向.     

目的地营销研究中几个迫切需要关注的问题

国内对目的地营销的研究始于20世纪80年代末,最早是对目的地形象的关注,真正以"目的地营销"为主题的研究主要兴起于2000年以后.     

第三届目的地品牌化与目的地营销国际会议征文启事

“第三届目的地品牌化与目的地营销国际会议”是由中国澳门旅游学院（IFT）、美国普渡大学消费和家庭科学学院（College of Consumerand Family Sciences）、美国南卡罗来纳大学酒店与旅游管理学院和广州中山大学旅游学院共同举办的一次国际学术会议。此次会议旨在为旅游目的地品牌化与目的地营销领域的最新发展、趋势和研究提供一个合作、互动的平台和讨论机会。这次会议邀请各位学者、研究者和从业人员提交与会议主题相关的应用研究或理论研究的论文。     

对旅游目的地形象概念的两种理解

旅游目的地是旅游活动的承载空间,为旅游者提供了消费平台.旅游目的地的吸引力来自商业化的旅游服务、非商业化的原始景观和旅游目的地所拥有的独特氛围,其范畴远远超出了"整体旅游产品"的概念.然而,旅游目的地远离客源地,在旅游消费者看来是一个独立的区域,因此,如何吸引消费者的注意,在众多备选目的地中脱颖而出,增加目的地的旅游需求量,是旅游目的地营销活动的目标所在.一般来说,旅游目的地的营销组织是非营利机构,其营销工作的主要内容是宣传促销,目的在于在目标消费者的心目中建立有吸引力的目的地形象.     

金融危机背景下政府旅营销研究

面对金融危机给旅游业带来的不利局面,各地政府纷纷出台措施提振旅游业。短时间内,各地以"旅游券"为载体、以降价促销为主要手段的政府旅游营销迅速缓解了旅游业所面临的巨大压力,起到了立竿见影的效果;长远来看,各地政府在应对危机中所采取的旅游营销举措也暴露出一些系统性缺陷。本文根据无锡调研数据,研究国民休闲旅游与目的地营销因素间的关系,分析发现:价格因素只是旅游者进行旅游决策时考虑的因素之一,降价促销只有与广告宣传、节事活动、目的地形象口碑、服务体验质量等因素相结合才能更好的发挥作用。本文根据旅游者人口统计和营销响应特征对目的地休闲旅游市场进行细分,并在此基础上系统提出当前目的地政府旅游营销策略。     

Beyond image attributes: A new approach to destination positioning based on sensory preference

This research expands destination positioning theories by introducing a new perspective on destination positioning, namely sensory experience. This can be used to distinguish destinations with otherwise similar images. Through three studies focusing sequentially on positioning, segmenting and targeting (STP), this research for the first time provides a complete analytical procedure for positioning research. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of destination positioning based on sensory preference. For tourists with a particular dominant sensory preference (e.g. taste or smell), promotion of the corresponding type of sensory experience is effective in destination marketing; for tourists with a more balanced set of sensory preferences, promotion of the type of sensory experience in which the destination has a natural advantage proves more attractive to the group of tourists with a moderate level of sensory demand. This new approach to destination positioning thereby supports more effective marketing.     

Destination marketing and the service-dominant logic: A resource-based operationalization of strategic marketing assets

Despite the popularity of the resource-based view of the firm as a theoretical mechanism for the explanation of organizational performance, this framework has received surprisingly little attention within the context of destination marketing organizations (DMOs). The purpose of this research is to enhance extant perspectives of destination competitiveness by considering the destination marketing function from the dual theoretical lenses of the resource-based view of the firm and the service-dominant logic of marketing. In particular, this research focuses on the resource classification schemas underpinning these two frameworks and proposes a conceptual extension of their core phenomena to the domain of destination marketing. Within this discussion, a conceptual and operational definition of competitive market-based assets is proposed. This multifaceted construct is discussed as a potential outcome of market-oriented destination marketing and as an antecedent to DMO performance.     

黑色叙事对旅游目的地引致形象的影响机制

"讲好故事"已成为塑造和传播国家和地方形象的重要手段。以"讲故事"为手段打造旅游目的地形象是一种国际通行的旅游目的地营销方式。现有旅游目的地叙事研究开展还很不充分,关注的叙事偏重于正面叙事材料,对负面叙事的关注还很不够。文章着眼于黑色叙事对旅游目的地引致形象的影响机制,以德国首都柏林作为研究案例,以著名历史游记《柏林:一座城市的肖像》(Berlin:Imagine a City)中关于柏林的系列黑色叙事和柏林旅游局在微信公众号发布的图片作为实验材料,通过招募志愿者参与包括4个阶段的混合研究设计,验证黑色叙事对柏林旅游目的地形象(认知、情感及意动)的复杂影响。研究的主要理论贡献在于:首先,验证了黑色叙事对旅游目的地形象具有显著影响,实证该影响主要透过"叙事主角-游客-自我形象一致性"这一主线发挥作用,明确了黑色叙事主角形象对黑色叙事引致旅游目的地形象的影响机理,丰富了叙事传输理论相关结论。其次,验证了黑色叙事引致情感形象在黑色叙事影响旅游目的地形象过程中的影响效应,发现黑色叙事引致情感形象(而非认知形象)是黑色叙事最终能够影响游客动机的关键。最后,在黑色叙事这一特定研究情境中,验证了目的地认知形象对"情感形象影响意动形象"具有"增强调节效应",丰富了现有旅游目的地形象"认知-情感-意动"三联结构理论。文章在此基础上提供了相应的管理和营销建议。     

Falling in love with a place because of a song: the transportation effects of music on place attachment

With the growing influence of media on tourism destination marketing, this research proposes a possible psychological process of music effect on place attachment, using the narrative transportation theory. Data were collected through an online survey in China (n?=?531) and analyzed using SEM. Results indicate that (1) music transportation positively affects individuals’ attachment; (2) attitude plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between music transportation and place attachment; (3) previous visits have significant moderate effects on the attitude-attachment path rather than on the transportation-attachment path or the transportation-attitude path. Theoretical and practical implications for destination marketing are provided.     

Tourism in India: Policy pitfalls

Tourism destination marketing is now widely recognized as an essential component in the management of destinations. In harmony with the general marketing literature, which understands marketing as a management tool, some researchers understand destination marketing as a form of ‘market-oriented strategic planning’ and hence as a strategic approach to place development rather than a promotional tool. Based on the results of a case study of tourism destination marketing in the Nelson/Tasman Region, New Zealand, this article examines the suitability of tourism destination marketing as a tool and of Destination Marketing Organizations (DMO) as a vehicle for tourism destination management and development. A discussion of several difficulties in the implementation of tourism destination marketing in Nelson/Tasman Region leads to the conclusion that DMOs are unlikely to be able to claim too much responsibility for destination management but that they can play an important part in the management of the destination product.     

Best Practice Marketing for Regional Tourism Destinations

This article reports on destination marketing best practices from 21 regional destinations around Australia. The results advocate an integrative approach to destination marketing that aligns with destination management and development objectives. From this, a framework is developed, within which nine best practice principles are identified as essential to successful and sustainable marketing of regional destinations. The key initiatives used to achieve success are discussed in detail, highlighting the need for destination stakeholders to foster a cooperative and strategic approach and ensure consistent design and delivery of a destination brand and image which is supported by tactical advertising and promotional strategies, effective visitor information services, and events to support the destination brand and image to target appropriate visitor markets.     

Country Versus Destination Image in a Developing Country

In contrast to the country of origin studies in international marketing, the tourism literature fails to differentiate between the image of the country and that of the destination as a tourism product. The distinction is important for developing countries suffering from negative country perceptions, as opposed to more positive views regarding the tourism destination. Therefore, this research examines the difference between country and destination image in the context of Turkey, and proposes a scale to measure them. The study also provides evidence of this difference and suggests ways in which the destination's image may contribute to improve the country's general perceptions.     

Exploring the dimensions of online destination brand experience: Spanish and North American tourists' perspectives

As the use of online platforms to search for information about tourist destinations grows, so does the need for destination marketing organizations (DMOs) to offer positive online destination brand (ODB) experiences. Two studies were conducted online to explore the central elements of a positive ODB experience with four official destination platforms (the website, Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter). Based on a photo-elicitation technique, the grounded theory approach, and data triangulation, this study identified six dimensions of a positive ODB experience: sensory, affective, behavioral, intellectual, interactive, and social. Thus, it extends the four-dimensional brand experience scale created by Brakus, Schmitt, and Zarantonello (2009) and proposes two other dimensions that deepen the understanding of an ODB experience: interactive and social. The results indicate that, rather than disseminating content, DMOs should focus on generating sensory, affective, behavioral, and intellectual experiences as well as fostering person-to-person connection and enabling users to create content on destination platforms.     

The Salient and Organic Images of Taiwan as Perceived by Mainland Chinese Tourists

This research investigates the salient and organic images of Taiwan as perceived by Mainland Chinese tourists. Using the method of free elicitation to ask respondents to describe freely their holistic, psychological and unique images of Taiwan, this research obtained abundant marketing information from 57 potential visitors and 59 actual visitors. The results show that Taiwan is perceived to be a beautiful island with attractive nature and culture. The results also reveal that cultural proximity makes Taiwan a sentimental destination for the Mainland Chinese. The above results provide evidence that free elicitation is an effective method of measuring destination image.     

The formation process of tourist attachment to a destination

Although the concept of emotional attachment has been used in various disciplines, the research on the formation process of tourist attachment to a destination (PTAD) aimed at the state traits of the interaction process between destination and habitation is still limited. This research uses mixed methods-grounded theory (MM-GT) to develop the PTAD scale of the dynamic causal chain consisting of a motivational-cognitive- emotional framework. Qualitative research resulted in the framework that was derived from 16 online travel logs about Hainan Island, China. Quantitative research resulted in the development of 23-item with 6 dimensions PTAD scale with high reliability and validity. The six-dimensional solution discovers those important but underexposure dimensions. Destination managers can use the knowledge of PTAD to help tourists enjoy the psychological process, formulate destination management and marketing strategies, and then win the competition war of destination.