一类积分边值条件的分数阶微分方程解的存在性

本文利用Schauder不动点定理和压缩映射定理,研究了一类积分边值条件的非线性分数阶微分方程解的存在性,最后可以得到方程解的存在性的两个结论.     

黑龙江省大道模型

一、大道定理概述大道定理可简述为:当产出的均衡增长路径由一个描述封闭的社会再生产系统的投入产出关系式唯一确定时,从任意一个初始状态到最终T时刻取得最大资产积累或最     

分离均衡定理及其在我国可转债市场的运用

本文阐述了信息不对称条件下企业资本结构的选择及可转债发行的信号作用,重点阐述了Stein(1992)的分离均衡定理及其成立的前提条件和激励条件,并对分离均衡定理在我国可转债市场能否成立进行了检验。     

利用鞍点定理证明非自治二阶hamiltonian系统周期解的存在性

文章中我们讨论二阶hamilitonian系统周期解的存在性,利用鞍点定理,我们得到了一个新的二阶hamiltonion系统周期的存在性。     

微分中值定理的解题应用

微分中值定理是整个微分学的理论基础，它们建立了函数值与导数值之间的定量联系。本文介绍了微分中值定理在证明恒等式，证明不等式，讨论方程根的存在性等方面的应用。     

微分中值定理的解题应用

微分中值定理是整个微分学的理论基础，它们建立了函数值与导数值之间的定量联系。本文介绍了微分中值定理在证明恒等式，证明不等式，讨论方程根的存在性等方面的应用。     

土地财政与最优城市规模

土地是有限的,完全依靠土地收入的发展模式是不可持续的。本文主要考察土地财政作为地方政府的一种融资渠道,城市建设用地规模的使用是否与城市人口规模的增加相协调,是否存在过度扩张城市面积促进地区经济发展的现象。为了分析土地出让收入(地租)、公共品供给以及城市规模之间的关系,本文以乔治亨利定理为基础,并引入林达尔均衡条件建立起最优城市人口密度理论模型。采用1999～2009年31个省面板数据对中国城市成本收益模型进行计量分析,结果表明全国26个省低于估算的最优城市人口密度,验证了中国存在城市面积的扩张与人口的增加不协调发展的情况。     

欧洲主权债务危机浅论

本文概述了欧洲主权债务危机的由来,讨论了文献中对危机发生的原因、产生的影响和应对危机的对策等,并根据研究的有关结果,认为可以在博弈论的统一框架下,充分研究在博弈诸要素的不同变化情况下均衡的存在性和均衡的性质而达到对危机的诠释。     

投入产出分析若干方法论问题的研究

一般均衡理论和模型存在难以求解和实际应用的基本问题，后人从不同思路对它进行简化，形成了旨在从理论上清楚说明市场机制作用的局部均衡理论和纯粹出于应用目的而建立的投入产出分析。投入产出分析是在简化价格调节的作用下，从生产技术的联系出发，并在同质性、直接消耗系数稳定性和比例性等假设下，沿着数量调节经济结构的路径，实现了一般均衡的可计量化和可观测检验性。我们认为，投入产出模型的前提条件——市场机制的完善以及整个生产力结构的均衡与我国生产力多元化结构的现实有相当距离。因此，如何根据我国基本国情正确认识和解决我国投入产出模型假设的问题是应当引起关注和重视的基础性方法论问题。     

广西南宁市征地补偿安置制度的供求分析——基于新制度经济学制度均衡的视角

本文在实地调研南宁市失地农民补偿安置现状的基础上,以新制度经济学为理论支撑,从制度均衡的视角对征地补偿安置制度的供求状况进行分析,发现供给与需求存在严重不均衡现象,并从利益主体的意识刚性、路径依赖和制度监管等角度分析了制度失衡的原因,提出了应当选择强制性和诱致性相结合的路径来进行征地补偿安置制度的变迁。     

Competitive General Equilibrium with network externalities

We identify sufficient conditions for existence of competitive equilibrium with network externalities and indivisibilities. Such combination of externalities and indivisibilities is present in many goods and services with network effects, and it makes existence of equilibrium non-trivial. We provide an existence theorem in a model with a measure space of consumers. Key conditions for existence are anonymity of network effects and dispersion in the economy’s income distribution.     

Equilibrium in economies without ordered preferences or free disposal

Recent work in competitive equilibrium analysis, pioneered by Mas-Colell (1974), ‘An equil- brium existence theorem without complete or transitive preferences’, has established existence of equilibrium in an economy in which preferences are not orderings. The purpose of this note is to show that the assumption of free disposal is not necessary for existence.     

Equilibrium with coordination

The obvious equilibrium concepts in the simplest institutions for transferring ownership of commodities—bilateral exchange—are neither Nash equilibria nor cooperative equilibria. To study such equilibria as special cases of equilibria of a social system it is necessary to introduce coordination. Two or more agents coordinate their actions, if, when they consider an alternative to a state, they take as given—for agents with whom they coordinate—the alternative state. If there is no coordination we obtain Nash equilibrium as a special case. If there is complete coordination we obtain optimality as a special case. The main result is an existence theorem for a social system with coordination. This theorem is then applied to prove existence of exchange equilibria in an economy with bilateral exchange.     

Equilibrium in abstract economies without ordered preferences

We extend a theorem of G. Debreu on the existence of equilibrium in a generalized N-person game (‘A Social Equilibrium Existence Theorem’). Applying standard techniques the result can be used to prove the existence of equilibrium in economies with interdependent preferences, price-dependent preferences and preferences which may be both non-transitive and non-complete. This generalizes a recent theorem of A. Mas-Colell.     

Equilibrium existence in Tullock contests with incomplete information

We prove an existence theorem for pure strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium in Tullock contests where the information endowment of each contender is described by a countable partition.     

Equilibrium theory under ambiguity

We extend the classical results on the Walras–core existence and equivalence to an ambiguous asymmetric information economy; that is, an economy where agents maximize Maximin Expected Utility (MEU). The interest of considering ambiguity arises from the fact that, in the presence of MEU decision making, there is no conflict between efficiency and incentive compatibility (contrary to the Bayesian decision making). Our new modeling of an ambiguous asymmetric information economy necessitates new equilibrium notions, which are always efficient and incentive compatible.     

Optimal investment with vintage capital: Equilibrium distributions

The paper concerns the study of equilibrium points, or steady states, of economic systems arising in modeling optimal investment with vintage capital, namely, systems where all key variables (capitals, investments, prices) are indexed not only by time but also by age. Capital accumulation is hence described as a partial differential equation (briefly, PDE), and equilibrium points are in fact equilibrium distributions in the variable of ages. A general method is developed to compute and study equilibrium points of a wide range of infinite dimensional, infinite horizon, optimal control problems. We apply the method to optimal investment with vintage capital, for a variety of data, deriving existence and uniqueness of equilibrium distribution, as well as analytic formulas for optimal controls and trajectories in the long run. The examples suggest that the same method can be applied to other economic problems displaying heterogeneity. This shows how effective the theoretical machinery of optimal control in infinite dimension is in computing explicitly equilibrium distributions. To this extent, the results of this work constitute a first crucial step towards a thorough understanding of the behavior of optimal paths in the long run.     

Equilibrium asset pricing with Epstein-Zin and loss-averse investors

We study multi-period equilibrium asset pricing in an economy with Epstein-Zin (EZ-) agents whose preferences for consumption are represented by recursive utility and with loss averse (LA-) agents who derive additional utility of gains and losses and are averse to losses. We propose an equilibrium gain-loss ratio for stocks and show that the LA-agents are more (less) risk averse than the EZ-agents if their degree of loss aversion is higher (lower) than this ratio. When all the agents have unitary relative risk aversion degree and elasticity of intertemporal substitution, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium and the market dominance of the EZ-agents in the long run. Finally, we extend our results to the case in which the LA-agents use probability weighting in their evaluation of gains and losses.     

Equilibrium in collateralized asset markets: Credit contractions and negative equity loans

We address a general equilibrium model with collateralized debt, credit contractions, and financial market segmentation. Restrictions on credit access make borrower’s optimal payment strategies–coupon payment, prepayment, and default–sensitive to idiosyncratic factors, even though the only payment enforcement is the seizure of collateral guarantees. We prove equilibrium existence, characterize optimal borrower’s payment strategies, and provide a numerical example illustrating our main results. A remarkable feature of our model is that it rationalizes the prevalence of negative equity non-recourse loans.