教育投资、资本市场不完全与收入差距

教育和人力资本投资在决定发展中国家的收入分配和经济增长中起到重要的作用。不同的教育水平具有不同的收益率。由于资本市场的不完善,发展中国家的家庭往往存在信贷约束。因此,通过发展教育来缩小收入差距需要配合资本市场的建设。     

产业政策中的资金配置:市场力量与政府扶持

产业政策具有重要的国家战略意义,如何有效引导经济资源流向政策支持产业,是产业政策发挥成效的关键.现有相关研究未深入考察经济资源在扶持行业之间及行业内部配置的规律,而且没有综合探讨不同资金配置的关联.文章考察了市场力量与政府扶持两种机制如何引导产业政策下的资金配置.研究发现,产业政策支持的企业获得了更多的债务融资和政府补助.其中,债务融资更多地流向了成长行业中规模较大的企业,政府补助使成长行业中的小规模企业和成熟行业中的大规模企业受益更多.研究结果表明,市场看重企业的增长机会,政府补助则会顾及当前成长性较弱而相对不受市场青睐的企业,对产业政策下的市场化资金配置起到了补充作用.文章的研究为如何协调市场机制和政府扶持两种力量提供了一定的借鉴.     

Profit Sharing and Outsourcing under Labor Market Imperfection

When the wage rate is set by the labor union, profit sharing and outsourcing is combined in this paper to analyze how the implementation of profit sharing affects individual effort and wage and thus outsourcing. The findings show that profit sharing and wage have an individual effort‐augmenting effect and therefore increase productivity. It is also found that the wage effect of profit sharing in general is ambiguous. There is a wage decreasing substitution effect, but in contrast, there is a wage increasing effect via labor demand elasticity and effort so that outsourcing and employment effects are also ambiguous. Furthermore, it is shown under which condition a firm will implement a profit sharing scheme.     

Factor Heterogeneity,Factor Market Imperfection and Trade

This paper develops a tractable model of examining how factor heterogeneity and imperfect factor market interact for determining a pattern of trade. Institution plays a crucial role for the interaction. In my work, firm productivity is defined as a composition of factor productivity and technology. Thus, input selection should affect the pattern of Melitz’s intra-industry allocation due to the incurring transaction cost. For a simple model, I assume two factors (labor and capital) and two sectors, which are relatively less institution-dependent and relatively more institution-dependent. When the economy is open, effect of the transaction cost on income distribution is more drastic for an institutionally underdeveloped country. Depending on institutional quality, the economic openness reallocates resource across countries through job creation or job destruction. The job turnovers redistribute income between heterogeneous labors within countries. The income redistribution is catalyzed by international mobility of capital. As a result, income disparity is widened between the institutionally developed country and the institutionally underdeveloped country. This paper can contribute to the literature of institution and international trade.     

资本市场作用机制下的公司治理研究

公司治理具有两个层面--内部公司治理和外部公司治理.外部公司治理主要是强调资本市场对公司经营活动的制约.从外部环境出发,以资本市场作用机理的角度来分析公司治理,结合当前具体国情,来系统研究资本市场作用机制下的公司治理,目的是提供资本市场公司治理机制的分析架构,并提出若干建议以优化我国的公司治理.     

资本市场与资本结构

本文比较分析了美国、日本企业对资本结构的选择 ,认为融资体制对企业资本结构模式的选择有决定性影响。中国企业资金的市场配置方式逐渐取代了计划配置方式 ,企业融资方式呈现出多元化趋势。为了提高融资效益必须科学选择融资方式或资本结构。     

Investment,Uncertainty and Credit Market Imperfection in India

The paper attempts to make a timely contribution to the debate on the status of business fixed investments in Indian private manufacturing firms. There are two key issues on which the debate hinges: lower presence of formal credit and, procedural and contractual rigidities. Lower presence of formal credit restricts or makes it costlier for a group of firms to incur investment expenditure that they would have incurred otherwise. Such firms predominantly rely on their internal funds for investment. Procedural and contractual rigidities, on the other hand, make almost all the investment projects undertaken, partially or completely, irreversible. Firms respond to such irreversibilities by aligning their investment to a relatively favorable time which, in turn, depends on the way firms process future uncertainty. The analytical exercise endogenously distinguishes between two investment regimes based on the access to external credit and uses a set of characteristics, along with different measures of uncertainty, to explain fluctuations in investment. The results provide three important observations. First, in the post-reform period there has been an adverse shift in the investment financing policy. Second, firms with inferior access to external credit are smaller, younger, pay less dividend, export less and belong to an industry with inferior demand than others. Such firms invest by running down their available cash flows and selling assets. Third, macroeconomic uncertainty depresses investment whereas microeconomic uncertainty has no impact on investment.

     

不确定性条件下资本市场投资预期收益模型探析

在现实经济活动中特别是在资本市场投资中,人们对将来的情况很难准确地预测到,他们所知道的最多只不过是在未来各种各样的收益状况下所可能产生的结果.也就是说,未来经济活动特别是资本市场投资活动具有不确定性.由于不确定性的预期的作用和影响,在不确定性条件下的资本市场投资预期收益模型与在确定性条件下的收益模型存在着一定的偏差.只有减少人们对经济不确定性的预期,才能使资本市场投资需求旺盛.     

虚拟资本市场发展对货币政策效果冲击的理论分析

虚拟资本市场发展对货币政策的冲击效应在实践中表现得愈来愈明显,突出体现在六个方面:一是虚拟资本市场发展延缓了货币政策传导的时滞;二是虚拟资本市场发展削弱了中央银行货币发行的垄断权;三是虚拟资本市场发展降低了货币供求的稳定性;四是虚拟资本市场发展打破了货币供应量增长与物价间的稳定联系;五是虚拟资本市场发展增大了货币政策效果的不可预期性;六是虚拟资本市场发展使货币政策的利率调控效果受到影响.因此,货币当局在货币政策操作时不得不将虚拟资本市场的发展状况作为一个因素予以考虑.     

我国碳交易市场的不完整性及其形成机理

碳交易制度作为近年来一种新型的制度安排,对全球碳减排起到重要作用。当前我国正处于快速工业化与城市化过程中,对能源资源需求与日俱增的同时面临着严重的环境污染,节能减排形势十分严峻,对碳交易市场的发展提出了需求。因此,深入分析我国碳交易市场现状及形成机理,并提出思考和建议,对于建立和完善我国碳交易市场,促进节能减排,进而促进产业结构调整和经济发展方式转变具有极其重要的意义。     

Redistribution under general decision rules

We study the political economy of redistribution over a broad class of decision rules. We suggest a simple and elegant procedure to select a robust equilibrium from the multiplicity in the core. Equilibrium policy depends on the full income profile, and, importantly, the preferences of two decisive voters. We show that the effect of increasing inequality depends on the decision rule and the shape of the income distribution; redistribution will increase if both decisive voters are “relatively poor,” and decrease if at least one is sufficiently “rich.” Additionally, redistribution decreases as the polity adopts increasingly stringent super-majority rules.     

跨境资本异常流动下双支柱政策的有效协调

本文基于我国2005-2019年数据,运用动态溢出指数的方法,实证研究在不同跨境资本异常流动情形下双支柱政策的有效协调问题.结果 表明,相对于境内投资者,境外投资者对我国跨境资本异常流动的影响更加频繁.货币政策和宏观审慎政策的总溢出指数和二者间的定向溢出指数均呈现明显的时变特征.在不同跨境资本异常流动的情形下,双支柱政策交互影响中的主导地位不同:当跨境资本异常流动导致货币供应量增加时,货币政策在双支柱调控框架中起主要影响;反之,宏观审慎政策处于主导地位.价格型货币政策和宏观审慎政策的平均交互影响水平大于数量型货币政策和宏观审慎政策的总溢出指数.本文契合扩大金融业对外开放的背景,为改进宏观经济政策的决策和操作提供支持与借鉴.     

Foreign Management,International Capital,and Income Redistribution

This paper examines the impact of foreign management as a separate input in a competitive economy open to both international trade and international movement of productive capital. Three inputs (capital, labor, management) are used to produce two final goods in a model characterized by competition, homogeneous products, and full employment. This model provides a simple starting point for the study of multinational firm activity, building on the fundamental competitive factor proportions model of production and trade. A clear distinction arises between international movements of capital and management, and international movements of the two inputs are linked. [F 11, F 23]     

论会计信息和资本市场有效性

资本市场有效性是指资本市场的交易对象——金融产品的价格充分反映了与该产品相关的信息，即价格具有充分的信息含量。会计信息和资本市场有效性之间存在密切的关系，会计信息作为一种重要的信息来源，其充分与否和质量高低，对金融产品价格和资本市场有效性有着深刻的影响。在我国，提高资本市场市场化程度、加强投资者教育、完善信息披露法规、改善公司治理等是改进资本市场有效性的重要途径。     

第六届中国资本市场论坛综述

2002年1月19日,以"中国金融大趋势--开放与国际化·银证合作"为主题的第六届中国资本市场论坛在北京举行.本次论坛由中国证券报与中国人民大学金融与证券研究所、银河证券、民生银行、野村证券、泰阳证券、金新信托主办,吴晓灵、黄达、谢平、魏杰、曹凤歧、王国刚、陈淮、韩志国等40多位知名专家学者先后发言.论坛围绕大会主题,先后就"开放与国际化:     

史美伦谈资本市场

史美伦女士为美国威斯康星—麦迪逊大学文学学士,加州圣达嘉娜大学法学博士,美国执业律师。1991年1月加入香港证监会,担任助理总监,1993年跃升为高级总监,1994年任执行董事,并于1998年1月出任证券会副主席及营运总裁。2001年1月,史女士被委任为中国证券监督管理委员会副主席,目前主管发行部、上市公司监管部。     

资本市场与公司治理

资本市场具有公司治理功能,资本市场的公司治理机制主要有股东投票机制、并购接管机制和股权激励机制.一方面,我国资本市场在促进公司治理方面起到了积极的作用,初步具备了公司治理的功能,但另一方面,我国上市公司的治理结构存在明显缺陷,资本市场的公司治理机制残缺不全.要充分发挥我国资本市场在公司治理中的作用,就必须从以下方面进行努力:完善公司治理的基本架构,健全股东投票机制;完善公司股权结构,逐步解决"一股独大"的问题;完善对企业经营者的约束和激励机制,培育经理人市场;大力发展机构投资者,发挥机构投资者在公司治理中的作用;完善上市公司退出机制,规范并购市场;完善信息披露制度,提高资本市场的有效性.     

全国“货币市场与资本市场关系”理论研讨会综述

2001年3月24日,中国人民大学财政金融学院和中国人民大学金融与证券研究所(FSI)主办了"货币市场与资本市场关系"理论研讨会.研讨会的主题是货币市场与资本市场的关系及银行信贷资金流入股票市场的管理政策.     

吴晓求谈资本市场

股市回放:中国股市持续近两年的涨势终于被打破。7月24日4只新股宣布将以市场发行价减持国有股开始,沪深两市即陷入了猛跌,跌幅之深,跌势之猛均为历史罕见。7月30日(周一),沪深股市经历了近几年来最严重下跌,首次遭遇“黑色星期一”,两大股指各自下跌5％以上;8月6日(周一)沪深股市再度遭遇“黑色星期一”,过千股票深幅下跌。上证指数跌幅3.91％,跌破1900点,深成指跌幅4.38％,跌破4000点整数关。     

Redistribution with Unobservable Bequests: A Case for Taxing Capital Income

This paper addresses the question of the optimal taxation of labour and interest income in an overlapping generations model with two unobservable characteristics, ability and inheritance. We assume realistically that saving can only be taxed anonymously, whereas the tax on labour earnings can be individualized and made non-linear. In such a setting, we show that a withholding tax on interest income along with a non-linear tax on labour income is desirable. The role of interest income taxation is to indirectly tax inherited wealth.
JEL Classification D 63, H 2