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1.
    
Generational theory has much to offer the home economics profession. This article explains sociocultural generational theory, traces the evolution of home economics informed by generational theory, and considers the implications of generational theory as a mechanism to “future proof” the home economics profession. In particular, insights into the unique traits, strengths, and abilities for the key baby boomer, Generation X, and the millennial generation cohorts are investigated. It is argued that the profession must adapt strategically to harness the potentialities of each generation. Several clear imperatives emerge from the application of generational theory to the home economics profession at this moment in time—the need for (a) harnessing and retaining the professional experience of baby boomers, (b) retaining Generation X and facilitating their shift to the leadership of the profession, and (c) attracting and retaining Generation Y. Strategic initiatives to achieve these imperatives are recommended and examples provided.  相似文献   

2.
This paper provides a primer on structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) anticipating that a deeper understanding of these policies enables home economists to influence the global trend for SAPs that is profoundly impacting human well‐being. It addresses the issue of what SAPs are (their intended and actual impact on family well‐being), provides five reasons why home economists should care about SAPs and tenders seven ideas for what we can do, as professionals, to mitigate the negative impact of SAPs on familial well‐being and human security.  相似文献   

3.
    
Food carries different meanings across cultures and times. This study aimed to explore the meanings of food among young women in Poland and the United States using a qualitative approach. The findings show that, in both countries, women associate food with health, pleasure, and socializing, but overall Polish women are less emotional about food. More specifically, in the United States, women associate food with love, their identities, and have more conflictual feelings about food, whereas in Poland women associate food with creativity. The study discusses marketing implications of the results.  相似文献   

4.
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5.
国际贸易中的资本迁移在市场稳定和供求均衡的线性叠加结构中运行,由于突变和分叉现象的凸起显示出在迁移过程中的不稳定性,系统结构不断发生变化,许多相互作用的个体在不稳定状况下不断进行调整,资本迁移在不断调整中是远离平衡态的,它在这一过程中的多样性、差异性是一个复杂的、主动的动态行为,伴随涨落而涨落,呈现出不可逆性的非线性世界。  相似文献   

6.
    
The origins of contemporary writing about household management in the United States have been traced back to Catharine Beecher's A Treatise on Domestic Economy. The expansion of academic programs in home economics, the rise of research using the scientific method, and the changing economic and social conditions during the early 20th century contributed to the transition from treatises offering household advice based on Christian precepts and customary roles to more analytical approaches to household management and the publication of textbooks for college courses. Using qualitative research methods, this study traced the 75‐year history of home management/family resource management textbooks published in the United States. The themes found throughout this period show both subtle shifts and dramatic changes in seven areas of analysis: the rationale for studying home management, the theoretical conceptualization of management, what is managed, individual and family concepts within home management, internal/external emphasis on resource management, pedagogical style, and audience.  相似文献   

7.
    
The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents in Tromsø relating to nutrition; whether pupil behaviour and attitudes regarding nutrition had changed in the tenth grade compared with the eighth grade; and whether this was linked to pupils’ home economics lessons in grade 9. In total, 606 adolescents (321 boys and 285 girls) were studied on two different occasions – 2002 and 2005. A food frequency questionnaire focusing on 16 different food and beverage groups was used. It investigated knowledge and attitudes, the amounts of food items consumed and the socio‐economic situation of the participants and their families. The study produced interesting findings. The boys had surprisingly low knowledge of fruit and vegetables that did not change in a positive direction, between the eighth and tenth grades. The change among the girls was very small and therefore this study concludes that the teaching of home economics had no significant influence on the pupils’ knowledge of and attitudes towards eating fruit and vegetables. The study of home economics does not appear to enhance adolescents’ skills and attitudes to the extent expected from the curriculum. But there are gender differences at both grades. Changes in the home economics course are necessary to improve children's and adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes. Increased focus on the scope and variety of teaching methods will be a key to improvement. Future research is required to understand the potential of the home economics curricula to change adolescents’ knowledge about and attitudes to home economics in Norway.  相似文献   

8.
    
A review of the early Extension career of Martha Van Rensselaer. It has been determined that hers was one of the first Extension home economics or family and consumer science programs in the United States, and this work led to contributions establishing new programs throughout the country and in parts of the world. She received many awards, but sadly few books or articles have been written about her. This historical study attempted to address and clarify aspects of her life.  相似文献   

9.
现如今,各国厂商纷纷瞄准消费大国,通过价格、技术及品牌等手段相互竞争来占领目标市场,获取贸易利益,已成为当前国际贸易格局的基本态势。对一国而言,拥有较大的国内需求市场,能否为其国际贸易创造优势呢?本文在对从传统的比较优势理论到规模报酬递增理论文献梳理的基础上,阐述了国内需求与国际贸易的动因、格局、利益之间的关系,探讨了国内需求对国际贸易的作用机制,并进行了简要的评论。  相似文献   

10.
    
This article outlines the socioeconomic factors concerning the inception of the teaching of needlework in public and private educational institutions in Malta. In the 19th century, when Malta was a British colony, the local population faced very difficult economic conditions, which brought about widespread poverty. The teaching of basic needlework skills came to be seen as a way of improving the social conditions of the poorer classes by promoting domestic thrift and opening job opportunities for females. The study gives an account of the stages in which needlework became an integral part of the school curriculum, by analyzing the syllabi followed in Maltese schools. It also considers the importance given to teacher training, both for the teaching of girls and for the career prospects of female teachers in the light of the socioeconomic requirements of Maltese society in the 19th century.  相似文献   

11.
    
In 2010, a newspaper article speculating about the inclusion of cooking in the Queensland, Australia, school curriculum was published. Readers were invited to post comments to a newspaper‐managed blog. Ninety‐seven posts were made. These posts (N = 97) comprise the data for this study. Data were analyzed using Leximancer to determine frequency and connection of terminology. The analysis found “cooking” to be the core concept, connected to either the “school” (formal learning) and/or to the “home” (informal learning). Content analysis determined the themes and their relative frequency. Three main themes were generated: informal food literacy learning, formal food literacy learning in schools, and formal food literacy learning in home economics. Subthemes in the formal food literacy theme included: status (should a home economics course be compulsory?), enjoyment of home economics in school), and gender (with many positive comments from male respondents). The findings of this study represent a first step in understanding the potential contribution of home economics to develop food literacy.  相似文献   

12.
    
It is widely acknowledged that obesity linked with reduced exercise contributes to health problems, and that, conversely, individuals who embark on weight reducing diets may become deficient in key nutrients. It is often advocated that these problems, which can be grouped together as poor dietary practice, be tackled through education. This study attempts to examine the relationship between nutrition education and lifestyle behaviours in a select group of third level students. The Irish Home Economics curriculum aims to teach secondary school pupils about nutrition and lifestyle practices conducive to health. However, the attitudes and lifestyle practices of those teaching this subject have never been examined in Ireland. The purpose of the present 4‐year longitudinal study, whose first year findings are presented here, is to investigate the nutrition and lifestyle knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of a cohort of Irish student home economics teachers over the 4 years of their Bachelor of Education (Home Economics) degree course. The study was designed to explore possible changes in knowledge, attitudes and practices over the course of their professional education. Nutritional knowledge was measured using a 220‐question adapted version of the test devised by Parmenter and Wardle. Attitudes were measured using a questionnaire adapted from the Pan‐EU Survey on Consumer Attitudes to Physical Activity, Body‐weight and Health. Food, alcohol consumption and exercise were measured using a 7‐day reported dietary/exercise diary. Nutrient intake data were determined using dietary analysis. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. When starting college, student home economics teachers have broadly similar anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle characteristics to those of their contemporaries. Mean BMI was identical [24.4 kg/m2 (SD 4.3)] to that reported in the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (NSIFCS) for those aged 18–35 years, although energy intakes were significantly higher in the cohort of student teachers (P = 0.000). Thirty‐eight per cent were overweight or obese vs. 33.6% in the NSIFCS. Only 17% (n = 6) of students achieved an intake of 300 µg/day of folate as recommended by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland and only one the recommended intake of non‐starch polysaccharides (18 g/day). One in three students in this study smoke (16 of 48) and alcohol consumption was high. Only one student was very active. Students scored a mean of 55% (SD 8%) on the knowledge test, with similar scores attained for specific aspects of nutritional knowledge (i.e. food groups, constituents of foods, current dietary advice, nutrients, lifestyle practices). However, knowledge of nutrition definitions was weaker with a mean score of 31% (SD 8.6%). Students had a positive attitude towards food choice, the link between food and health and control over their own diet. Similar attitudes towards exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption were displayed despite students perceiving themselves as not having a balanced diet, having insufficient exercise and having regretted something done as a result of consuming alcohol. They appear to display optimistic bias in relation to health risks. These findings provide baseline data for the longitudinal study and indicate that those choosing to pursue a career as a home economics teacher in Ireland have similar nutritional and lifestyle characteristics to those of their contemporaries.  相似文献   

13.
    
The purpose of this study is to provide an analytical perspective of the challenges, struggles, obstacles, and successes faced by African American women in the Human Sciences as described in the book, African American Women: Contributions to the Human Sciences. A content analysis of this book was conducted by the authors to provide a theoretical perspective on the contributions and challenges that African American women professionals have faced while pursuing their careers in the Human Sciences. The theoretical framework for the study was resiliency theory from an ecological approach.  相似文献   

14.
    
ABSTRACT

In spite of increasing globalization, the effects of international trade on economic growth remain unclear. I consider an endogenous economic growth model in an open economy with the home market effect and non-homothetic preferences to identify the determinants of the various results in this relationship. The model shows how trade between similar countries leads to convergence in economic growth when knowledge spillovers are present, while trade between highly asymmetric countries produces divergence and may become trade in a poverty or growth trap. Besides, international trade does not necessarily imply greater welfare, as is usual in a static context under CES preferences.  相似文献   

15.
Israel M. Kirzner is the 2006 winner of The International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research (the FSF-Nutek Award). In this Prize Lecture he argues that a number of those who have commented on his work have misunderstood certain aspects of his theoretical system, and as a result the common distinction in the literature between “Schumpeterian” and “Kirznerian” entrepreneurs is flawed. He also argues that his understanding of the market process (set in motion by entrepreneurial decisions) provides a theoretical underpinning for public policy vis-à-vis entrepreneurship. Professor Kirzner’s main contributions to the economics of entrepreneurship were also presented and evaluated by Douhan et al. [Small Business Economics 29(1–2):213–223, 2007].
Israel M. KirznerEmail:
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16.
    
Food literacy education is essential for acquiring the skills and knowledge required to support healthy food interactions. However, there are multiple constraints impacting curriculum enactment in schools. This study explores these constraints in Queensland (Australia), giving voice to Home Economics teacher respondents. A mixed methods survey was conducted (n = 117) in February–March 2021. Eighty percent of respondents advocated for current curriculum change to support food literacy education, including incorporating more explicit practical food education, the transition of nutrition into home economics subjects, and the insertion of food literacy-focused terminology within the curriculum.  相似文献   

17.
    
Historically, home economics (HE) in general, and the consumer education sections in particular, have been criticized for transferring norms and values of conservative elites to the masses. This is in stark contrast to contemporary theoretical views of a modern HE aimed at educating emancipated and critical citizens, and also to modern curricula that emphasize the consequences of consumption rather than dogma. A previous study has indicated that formally unqualified teachers see the transfer of consumption norms and values without support in the curriculum as an important objective of HE teaching, a practice that is questionable from a democratic perspective. This follow‐up study investigates to what extent formally qualified HE teachers show intentions to transfer consumption norms and values without support in the curriculum to students, using content analysis of 201 survey responses from Swedish qualified HE teachers and comparing to data from a previously published study on formally unqualified teachers. It is concluded that the qualified teachers demonstrate intentions to transfer unsupported norms and values, though, to a lower degree than unqualified teachers. The results are interpreted by adopting a values education perspective on HE. This indicates that the observed emphasis on norms and values could be seen partly as a lack of a proficient professional metalanguage among the teachers, and partly as a consequence of the focus on developing a pre‐defined moral of consumption in HE literature. The implications on how to develop HE teacher education to reduce norm and value transfer intentions are discussed based on the empirical findings and the theoretical framework.  相似文献   

18.
In Finnish secondary schools, nutrition education is integrated mainly in home economics and health education lessons. The aim of this research was to describe the content and pedagogical style in food‐ and nutrition‐related texts in secondary school textbooks. Textbooks are important learning tools in education in so far as they reflect current pedagogical thinking and the objectives set in the national core curriculum. The study data consisted commonly used home economics (n = 4) and health education (n = 3) textbooks. Nutrition contents of the textbooks were compatible with the national core curriculum. The scope of nutrition education in health education textbooks was health centred, whereas home economics textbooks considered also cultural and environmental aspects of nutrition education. All textbooks considered adolescents' current nutrition issues. The pedagogical style was usually participative in exercises and neutral informative in a plain text; however, a considerable amount of text was written on using a persuasive style. Overall, textbook pedagogical style supported the constructivist idea of learning, and textbooks can be a positive agent for change as we strive towards a better nutrition health in children and adolescents.  相似文献   

19.
    
This article chronicles the life of Helen W. Atwater, a leader of leaders, and emissary for journalistic expertise, home economics, and women's role in civil society. Atwater's career as a writer and editor encompassed three decades in the early twentieth century during which she prepared reports for the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Office of Home Economics, served as the first full‐time editor of the Journal of Home Economics, and participated in early public policy advocacy of the American Home Economics Association. Atwater's active membership in many professional organizations contributed to the understanding of home economics outside of the profession.  相似文献   

20.
    
This study set out to examine environmental factors impacting on the food literacy of adolescents. It utilized data from a nation‐wide survey of home economics teachers regarding their experience of food literacy education in Australian high schools. Content analysis and the ANGELO framework were applied to analyse free‐text comments from 78 of the respondents that were collected as part of a more extensive data set. The analysis of environmental factors revealed three enablers and ten barriers that could influence food literacy education delivered by high schools in Australia. High schools are well positioned to improve adolescents’ food literacy through a comprehensive, hands‐on approach in home economics. However, many environmental barriers were reported that could influence food literacy education in Australian high schools such as: lack of teaching materials and facilities, and human resources; the perceived inadequacy of the Australian school curriculum; non‐supportive school canteens; and negative role modelling. This study points to the need to eliminate or reduce these environmental barriers impacting on the capacity for effective food literacy education in high schools to help adolescents increase their food literacy and thereby support them in making informed food choices.  相似文献   

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