评级机构竞争、声誉与债券信用评级质量

本文以我国2010—2014年的企业债和公司债为样本,构建了新的声誉指标,分析了声誉机制和评级机构竞争对债券信用评级质量的作用机理。结果表明：高声誉的评级机构出具的债券信用评级具有较高的评级质量;评级机构竞争加剧了评级虚高,降低了债券信用评级质量;声誉机制能够抑制评级机构竞争导致的评级虚高,提高债券信用评级质量。本文为衡量我国评级机构声誉提供了新的视角,有助于辩证地看待评级机构竞争的影响。     

基于声誉理论的信用评级利益冲突问题研究

笔者以声誉溢价模型对信用评级机构与发行方之间的关系进行研究,得出了声誉机制是解决评级市场利益冲突、保证评级等级正确性的结论,这对于防范金融风险,保证我国信用评级业的健康发展具有借鉴意义.     

构建中国信用评级机构法律责任的路径——对美国主要信用评级机构的观察

在后全球金融危机时代,美国三大信用评级公司巨头——穆迪、标普和惠誉即便身处指责与质疑的风口浪尖,其影响力和话语权丝毫没有受到影响,反而业绩在日益扩张。这其实跟美国的相关司法制度、法庭判例以及美国证券监管机构的监管习惯有着密不可分的关系。作者认为,研究美国监管机构对于信用评级机构法律监管无疑会给中国的相关监管实践提供宝贵的经验和深刻的教训,对于进一步改革和发展中国信用评级机构及行业规章具有一定的借鉴意义。     

信用风险、评级机构与金融危机的关系

在此次美国金融危机发生过程中,信用评级机构受到了各方的批评,各方对其在危机中的能力表现提出了质疑,其自身信用也受到极大的挑战。该文从信用风险与金融危机关系的视角出发,评述评级机构在防范信用风险中的作用,通过反思评级机构在此次金融危机中的表现,就我国如何规范、完善评级机构以及防范金融危机提出了建议。     

信用评级行业利益冲突问题浅析

自全球金融危机爆发以来,信用评级行业就被推向了风口浪尖,其存在的利益冲突问题引起市场的极大关注.信用评级行业该何去何从,其利益冲突问题如何缓解,引起了学者和专家的思考.文章旨在从利益冲突问题的起源、凸显的基础和环境、激化的原因以及解决对策4个方面对信用评级行业利益冲突问题展开研究.     

信用评级机构在次贷危机中的作用及启示

在本次金融危机中,信用评级公司没有及时揭示风险,并误导投资者,事后又加剧投资者恐慌,扩大了危机的破坏程度,对金融危机起到了推波助澜的作用.本文通过探讨信用评级机构在美国次贷危机中所扮演的角色,以期对我国信用评级机构的发展与规范带来启示.     

主权信用评级变动下的我国金融市场波动性研究及政策建议

主权信用评级是一个国家信用的直观体现,信用评级的调整往往具有助涨和助跌的作用.随着中国对外开放水平的提高,国际金融合作越来越频繁,评级对于国家声誉及中国企业走出去的意义越来越重大.但长期以来中国对主权信用评级缺乏话语权,一些评级机构不负责任的评级往往会造成我国金融市场的动荡.本文旨在探究国际评级机构对我国主权信用评级历次重大调整后我国金融市场的变化情况,以此分析我国金融市场受评级调整后影响程度的趋势.并给出相应的政策建议,以加强国际合作,逐渐打破三大评级机构的垄断,不断增强我国对抗不良评级的能力,维护金融市场稳定.     

浅析债券违约对信用评级机构的影响

基于中国债券市场的违约事件,本文在国内外研究基础上,进一步探讨债券违约原因及应如何看待债券违约.接着基于声誉的考虑、理性人假设探讨债券违约对信用评级机构的影响,并就信用评级的局限做了分析,最后对评级机构的应对提出了建议.     

官司、声誉与上市企业更名

本文以声誉为着眼点,对我国上市企业更名与被诉官司之间的关系进行了理论和实证分析。研究发现,被诉官司引致的负面声誉冲击会显著、稳健地提高企业更名概率,而其中尤以资金和产权类官司的效应最强。影响机制方面,官司的声誉效应更多表现为加剧企业融资困境和内部代理冲突,并形成企业更名的主要诱因,相对而言产品市场则因信息迟滞等原因而并非关键的传递途径。我们的研究表明,被诉官司的确类似于负面的商业性信用评级,向市场传递了企业的声誉信号,但企业更名却在一定程度上弱化了这种声誉信号的作用。     

证监会警示函处罚与评级机构应对

本文分析了中国证监会对评级机构的警示函处罚带来的影响和评级机构的应对。研究发现,受处罚的评级机构会显著上调债券发行人的主体信用评级,并获得更高的评级市场份额。在采用熵平衡匹配等方法进行稳健性检验后,结果仍然存在。进一步分析发现,上调发行人评级的动作在发行人与评级机构之间存在利益关联,或者发行人自身违约风险较低时更为明显。本文系统地分析了警示函处罚对评级机构行为的影响,为我国评级机构监管的发展提供了实证依据。     

美国信用评级业及其未来的监管政策调整

美国次贷危机的爆发使得信用评级机构声誉日下,同时也使得美国信用评级业存在的问题进一步暴露.金融创新背景下的美国信用评级业其实存在着许多内在矛盾和困境.因此,以下三个方面将是其监管政策调整的重点: (1)强化竞争机制,调整信用评级现有市场结构; (2)加强信息披露,提高评级活动的可审核性; (3)保证评级活动的独立性,促使评级结果的公正与客观.     

The Procyclical Role of Rating Agencies: Evidence from the East Asian Crisis

We demonstrate that credit rating agencies aggravated the East Asian crisis. In fact, having failed to predict the emergence of the crisis, rating agencies became excessively conservative. They downgraded East Asian crisis countries more than the worsening in these countries' economic fundamentals would justify. This unduly exacerbated, for these countries, the cost of borrowing abroad and caused the supply of international capital to them to evaporate. In turn, lower than deserved ratings contributed – at least for some time – to amplify the East Asian crisis. Although this goes beyond the scope of our paper, we also propose an endogenous rationale for rating agencies to become excessively conservative after having made blatant errors in predicting the East Asian crisis. Specifically, rating agencies would have an incentive to become more conservative, so as to recover from the damage these errors caused to them and to rebuild their own reputation.     

Rating agencies’ signals during the European sovereign debt crisis: Market impact and spillovers

The ongoing financial crisis has drawn considerable attention to the role of credit rating agencies in the financial system. We examine how the foreign exchange market reacts to sovereign credit events prior to (2000–2006) and during the crisis (2006–2010). The sample includes a broad set of countries in Europe and Central Asia in order to investigate spillover effects. We find that rating agencies’ signals do affect the own-country exchange rate and we identify strong spillover effects to other countries’ exchange rates in the region. In both cases, the impact of outlook and watch signals is stronger than the impact of actual rating changes. Market reactions and spillovers are far stronger during the financial crisis period than pre-crisis. Negative news from all three major agencies has an impact, whereas only Moody's positive news produces a reaction. Negative news from Fitch tends to have the strongest effect. The findings are important in enhancing understanding of the role of rating agencies and the market response to their signals.     

主权信用评级与金融安全

本文分析了金融开放条件下主权信用评级波动对金融市场安全的影响和传递机制,探讨了主权信用评级、国际投资银行以及投资者预期等因素在国际金融危机中扮演的角色,并从加强对外资机构在华信用评级业务范围和评级流程的监督管理、推进中国信用评级机构国际化建设、理顺评级过程中所涉各方利益、探索投资者的法律保障等5个方面,就促进中国主权信用评级公正和稳定提出建议。     

Bond rating changes and stock returns: evidence from the Spanish stock market

This study analyzes the effect of corporate bond rating changes by international agencies on stock prices. This topic has not yet been analyzed for the Spanish stock market, despite the growing importance of ratings in Spanish financial markets. On an efficient market, rating changes will only have an effect if they contain some new information. The results from an event study indicate that rating actions cause significant negative abnormal returns in issuing firms around the date of the announcement. This evidence indicates an informational effect related to downgrades, which supports the hypothesis that credit rating agencies provide information that may reduce the asymmetric information problem between firms and investors. In the case of upgrades, our results are compatible with a redistribution of wealth between bondholders and owners or with the reputation hypothesis.      

Feedback effects between credit ratings and financial markets

Credit rating agencies often make sharp adjustments in their pronouncements during times of stress in financial markets. These adjustments typically happen with a delay relative to shocks in market prices. Since prices convey information about what market participants are doing and thinking, it is likely that rating agencies take into account market prices when issuing their pronouncements.In order to understand the relationship between credit ratings and financial prices, we develop a model of debt roll-over in which rating agencies incorporate information publicly available in financial markets. We find that (1) rating agencies respond to market prices, i.e. nonfundamental price volatility can shift financing conditions from a low risk spread and high credit rating equilibrium to an equilibrium with high spread and low rating, and (2) rating agencies can anchor expectations about the equilibrium in financial markets, thus serving as an antidote to nonfundamental price volatility.     

信用评级机构在次级债危机形成中的角色解析

由于现代金融体系的全球化,这场涉及美国众多金融机构的次级债危机很快在全球蔓延开来,逐步演变成了一场全球信用危机,而一贯被人们寄予厚望的信用评级机构在这场愈演愈烈的危机中却备受指责.论文重新审视了芙国信用评级机构运营机制的固有缺陷,通过揭示信用评级机构对次级债危机形成的责任,提出我国要以次级债危机为鉴,通过规范信用评级行业的发展,使信用评级机构真正承担金融风险监督者的责任.     

全球次级债危机对我国债券市场信用评级的启示

由于现代金融体系的全球化,以及参与美国次级债券的投资机构众多,美国次级债危机很快在全球蔓延开来,逐步演变成了一场全球信用危机,而一贯被人们寄予厚望的信用评级机构在这场愈演愈烈的危机中却备受指责.这场全球性的信用危机为我国债券市场信用评级制度的完善提供了有益的启示.     

美国信用评级机构反垄断规制研究

安然事件之后,尤其是次贷危机爆发之后,美国信用评级寡头市场结构备受关注,人们认为三大评级机构的垄断势力对信用评级质量下降有着不可推卸的责任。理论界对于信用评级市场是否需要促进竞争和如何促进竞争的问题争论不休。美国政府通过发布规则对改善信用评级的市场结构作出了一些尝试,并取得了一定的效果。