Modelling the German system of vocational education

This paper aims at analyzing main features of the German vocational education. It builds on a simple model of firm specific human capital accumulation in case of learning by doing. A main result is a positive effect of government financed schooling on creating learning by doing jobs. This finding relies on simple strategic arguments and does not depend on long term labor contracts or any cross productivity effects between learning inside and outside the firm.     

Stochastic stability on general state spaces

This paper studies stochastic stability methods applied to processes on general state spaces. This includes settings in which agents repeatedly interact and choose from an uncountable set of strategies. Dynamics exist for which the stochastically stable states differ from those of any reasonable finite discretization. When there are a finite number of rest points of the unperturbed dynamic, sufficient conditions for analogues of results from the finite state space literature are derived and studied. Illustrative examples are given.     

Information technologies, embodiment and growth

This paper studies the conditions under which an IT revolution may occur and have permanent effects on long-term growth. To this end, we construct a multi-sectoral growth model with endogenous embodied technical progress. The R&D sector expands the range of softwares. The capital sector produces efficient capital combining hardware with available softwares. Technological progress is therefore embodied: New softwares can only be run on the most recent generations of hardware. The new softwares are copyrighted during a fixed period of time. First, we analytically characterize the balanced growth paths of the model. Then we focus on the dynamic response of the economy to technological shocks. Substitution effects favorable to the IT sectors are shown to arise when positive supply shocks affect the production of efficient capital and/or the creation of new softwares. Positive shocks specific to the capital sector are unable to produce effects on long-term growth, in contrast to the shocks specific to the R&D sector.     

A computational general equilibrium model with vintage capital

This paper presents a vintage capital model assuming putty–clay investment and perfect foresight. The model is written in discrete time and is simulated by using a second order relaxation algorithm. By computing the eigenvalues of the dynamic system, we have checked the conditions of existence and uniqueness of a solution (Blanchard and Kahn's conditions) and identified the echo effect that characterizes vintage capital models and the related dynamics of creation and destruction. By calibrating the model on French data, it has been proved useful to explain the medium-term movements in the distribution of income in France during the last three decades.     

关于人力资本投资决策相关问题的思考

上世纪60年代兴起的人力资本投资研究取得了丰硕成果,为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础。但是,关于人力资本投资收益的计量方法、人力资本投资收益与成本计量范围等方面仍然存在需要深入钻研的问题。基于前人成果,本文提出了重新界定人力资本投资收益、完善人力资本投资成本内容、改进人力资本投资决策方法等方面的建议,以期为该领域的研究添砖加瓦。     

文化产业生产率与高学历人力资本——基于上海市文化企业的实证研究

本文基于上海市2 568家文化企业2008—2014年数据的实证分析发现：（1）文化产业生产率与高学历人力资本投入之间存在显著且稳健的“倒U型”关系,并且最有利于提高文化产业生产率的高学历人员应占从业人员总数的比重为25%左右;（2）现阶段上海市绝大多数文化企业还处于“倒U型”曲线的左侧,因此合理增加高学历人力资本有利于提高企业生产率;（3）综合型经营管理人才以及具有开拓创新能力的创意开发人才是文化产业的人才需求所在,因此政府应当在相关人才培训、专业设置以及产学研合作等方面发挥作用。     

The Composition of the Human Capital Stock and the Factor Content of Trade: Evidence from West(ern) Germany

This study reports the results of a factor content analysis of the sources of West Germany's comparative advantage in 1976, 1980 and 1984, using highly disaggregated skill variables. The county is found to be most abundant in certain skilled manual occupations and a very limited number of professional and technical occupations. The results differ markedly from those reported in similar studies for the UK and the US. The importance of intercounty productivity diferences and the implications of using only a subset of the economy, i.e. manufacturing, in the calculations are assessed. While using only a subset of the economy might have been appropriate in the past when services trade was relatively unimportant, this is no longer the case, especially for Germany with its diferent performance in goods and services trade. It is argued that the explanatory power of comparative advantage as a basis for trade among similarly developed countries is much higher than is commonly perceived when human capital is disaggregated into detailed skill categories that allow the recognition of different skill mixes between countries. The use of a disaggregated ‘labour-based’ neoclassical trade theory is advocated.     

对我国人力资本价值补偿机制问题的探讨

人力资本价值能否得到合理的补偿,不仅直接影响着人力资本价值的实现程度,而且影响着新一轮的人力资本运动,即新的人力资本的形成和使用。我国人力资本价值补偿机制尚不健全,人力资本价值与收入分配之间并未呈现一定的正相关关系。劳动者地位虚化与人力资本产权缺损,是我国人力资本补偿机制不健全的根源所在;相应地确立人力资本收益权,则是对人力资本价值进行合理补偿的根本途径;而人力资本股权化,又是确立人力资本收益权的具体体现。人力资本股权化的对象主要是企业中处于关键技术岗位和重要管理岗位的人力资本所有者。与此同时,还要重视完善人力资本产权保护体系。     

企业专用性人力资本:源起、发展及展望

本文回顾了自20世纪五六十年代以来,国内外企业专用性人力资本的相关研究,对企业专用性人力资本的概念界定、形成及演变历程,其所带来的影响结果等内容进行了文献梳理和总结。研究发现:人力资本是否存在企业专用性仍然存在一定的争论,其概念的内涵和外延有待扩展;相关企业专用性人力资本对内部员工成长、绩效水平等的影响的研究结论存在差异;企业专用性人力资本在不同文化背景、行业和企业中的文化适用性也有待进一步的检验和研究。     

区域产业结构优化的人力资本战略需求研究

人力资本是区域经济增长决定性动因,而产业结构则反映区域资源配置与资源转换能力即财富创造能力的高低。在人力资本和产业结构优化的互动过程中,更需要从战略的角度提高人力资本水平,以推动区域经济协调增长,包括构建多元化的投资,增加人力资本投资存量;发展多元化教育模式,促进人力资本结构优化;优化人力资本配置结构,提高人力资本使用效率;缩小区域产业结构差距,建立地区间人力资本良性循环机制等。     

试论人力资源与人力资本的判别标准

针对目前人力资本与人力资源混用较普遍的现象,从马克思对资本本质的认识及西方经济学家对资本本质的探讨出发,对人力资本和人力资源从本质上进行认识,提出以"人的体力和能力是否处于生产过程中"作为人力资源与人力资本的判别标准,并进一步强调人力资源培育及向人力资本转化的重要现实意义。     

基于绩效提升的人力资本投资策略探析

人力资本已成为企业绩效的利润杠杆,但不同类型的人力资本具有不同的特点,具有不同的投资价值,因此企业必须考虑不同的人力资本特点,采取适当的投资策略才能使企业获得更高的人力资本回报,实现可持续发展。     

为何中国“人力资本红利”释放受阻?——人力资本错配的视角

本文实证结果显示,人力资本错配使得大规模的研发投入并没有实现技术进步,导致产业动态比较优势演进迟滞以及经济稳定增长动力不足并存。然而,无论是相对于国内其他行业还是国外同类行业,中国事业型单位或行业、垄断性行业、非生产性行业都有着极高的人力资本强度,而市场化程度高的行业和部门,人力资本水平一般都低于其他国家。本文的政策含义为:在加快人力资本积累的同时,实现人力资本适宜匹配,最大限度释放人力资本红利,助推供给侧结构性改革,从而实现经济的平稳过渡和适度增长。     

再谈人力资源与人力资本

通过对前人研究成果的学习,在对资源与资本概念辨析的基础上,结合自身的体会,重新对人力资源与人力资本的概念进行界定。指出当劳动者被经济活动所需要,潜在使用价值转换为现实使用价值,人力资源即转换为人力资本,并在把握二者关系的基础上,提出了如何使人力资源最大化地转换为人力资本的一些想法。     

人力资本投资行为异化研究

企业人力资本投资行为是企业可持续发展的战略性资源投资行为,是企业取得核心竞争力的关键因素。本文通过搜集和分析十大创新型企业的人力资本投资数据,描述我国企业人力资本投资行为的异化现状,并找出异化原因,提出解决方法,为理论界提供新的研究数据,也为实务界提供新的决策依据。     

人力资本价值与企业高管薪酬模型探讨

随着经济全球化及知识化进程的加快,人力资本管理理念已逐步引入到国内企业中,相应地管理水平也得到了提升。高层管理者作为企业的核心人力资本,其薪酬问题成了众人关注的焦点。虽然已有很多学者对高管薪酬的结构和制定依据等问题进行了研究,国内企业在这些方面仍存在一些不足。笔者从人力资本价值的角度出发,对人力资本价值实现过程与薪酬之间的内在联系进行分析,并据此构建了相应的高管薪酬模型。     

论人力资本的生成途径及其运营机制

本文认为21世纪的竞争,将是人才的竞争、科技的竞争,为此,我们必须树立以人为本的思想观念,重视人力资源开发工作。而人力资本作为一种活的资本形式,与物质资本有着许多质的差异,其运营也必然有所不同。理论和实践已经证明,人力资本是经济发展的根本源泉,人力资本的有效运营是推动企业快速发展的重要手段。企业要追求最高的投资绩效,必须将人力资本运营放在企业管理的核心位置。