共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Robert Gmeiner 《Economic Affairs》2021,41(1):123-140
Economic institutions are linked to economic growth because they create conditions favourable for production and exchange. Institutions can give a country comparative advantage in producing some goods. If its trading partners lack such institutions, it can still enjoy their benefits by importing these goods. Some institutions, such as intellectual property rights, have non‐excludable benefits because the resulting production is intangible, non‐rival, and often publicly disclosed. The profits, or surplus, that result, however, is rival. Foreign countries can ‘free ride’ on this benefit by misappropriating rival surplus through infringement. This article develops a theory of institutional free riding in which firms in one country free ride on the benefit of foreign institutions to the detriment of their competitor firms and their countries' institutions. It evaluates the incentives of firms and governments for this free riding, its effects, and potential responses to mitigate these effects. 相似文献
2.
环境问题是当今世界面临的最重大挑战之一,纵观人类发展史,就是人与自然斗争,征服自然和被自然报复的过程,协调人与自然的关系,处理好环境问题是目前世界各国最为关注的议题之一,我们今天面临的人与自然和谐及环境问题,比历史上任何时期都严峻和复杂。解决环境问题可以从多方面入手,通过在企业环境管理体系中融入绿色营销理念,提倡绿色营销也是一种解决环境问题的好方法。 相似文献
3.
国家科技计划中的知识产权管理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20多年来,国家科技计划一直是国家创新系统的重要创新源泉,为国家科学技术水平和竞技水平的提高贡献了力量。但随着市场经济的发展和科技与生产更加紧密地结合,科技计划项目中的知识产权问题显现了出来。为保证科技成果成功转化,进一步提高科技计划项目对国民经济的贡献,必须从制度上塑造促进科技计划项目的知识产权管理的环境,从管理上提高知识产权管理效率。本文将从科技计划项目中知识产权管理现状着手,寻找导致其低效率的制度因素,并从制度上和管理上提供建议,希望科技计划项目中的知识产权管理更加完善。 相似文献
4.
随着我们社会步入知识经济时代,知识产权得到了越来越多的重视。然而我国目前严重缺乏企业知识产权管理人才,随着国家知识产权战略的提出,企业知识产权管理人才的培养也被提高到了战略地位。开展对知识产权管理人才的培训研究,对全面落实国家知识产权战略、建设创新型国家具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
文章介绍了日本节能环保的特点,分析了中国和日本在节能环保方面的合作基础和前景,认为两国加强这方面的合作能够实现双赢。 相似文献
6.
7.
Michelle Man Suet Law Peter Hills Billy Chi Hang Hau 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2017,26(1):84-97
Environmental education and awareness training can help to develop and encourage a transition to a greener corporate culture. A series of environmental education and awareness training programmes of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (HSBC) (Hong Kong) was used as a case study to assess how learning transfers through nature‐based environmental education and awareness training and to investigate the possible outcomes of providing nature‐based training to employees. Evaluation of the training outcomes, in terms of changes in employees’ environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, was surveyed by using retrospective post‐ and then‐test questionnaires. Results showed that employees who joined these programmes gained knowledge and changed their values and behaviour towards the environment significantly. The study also indicated the establishment of trust in and satisfaction with the organization among employees through the training, which in turn promoted employees’ organizational commitment towards corporate sustainability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
8.
Francesco Rizzi Eleonora Annunziata Marco Frey 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2018,27(6):694-711
For energy managers, finding personal meaning in the activities they are engaged in and gaining an identity in connection between energy efficiency and organizational goals is a necessary condition to mobilize passion and commitment, which in turn are fundamental to achieve organizational goals under tight budget constraints. Despite this, little is known about how municipalities, which are typical budget‐constrained organizations, can enhance the empowerment of employees with roles as energy managers. This paper draws from the literature on the person–organization fit in order to adapt and test the hypothesis that multiple dimensions of organizational culture are strong predictors of perceived managerial and technical energy performance. Data from 729 questionnaire responses from energy managers of Italian municipalities show that formalization, team orientation, innovation, centralization and reward systems are the key elements that enable energy managers to act as business partners instead of task managers. Causal relations are discussed and presented along with theoretical and policy implications that can provide inspiration also to private organizations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
9.
高新技术企业知识产权竞争力内涵探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高新技术企业作为自主创新的主力军,是知识产权创造及运用的实施主体,是知识产权市场价值的实现者,知识产权竞争力是其核心竞争力的重要组成部分。文章以竞争力理论为指导,认知高新技术企业知识产权竞争力"以自主创新能力为核心"的内涵;以系统论为视角,解构高新技术企业知识产权竞争力的结构模块,旨在有效地运用知识产权资源,提升高新技术企业的竞争优势,实现转型升级。 相似文献
10.
基于中国沪深A股上市企业2007～2020年数据集,检验宽带试点城市建设对企业技术创新的影响、机制以及所需的重要外部条件。实证结果发现,宽带试点城市建设有助于企业技术创新水平的显著提升,能够改善企业预期、提升研发投入强度并推动企业数字化转型进程加快。进一步研究发现,知识产权保护政策是宽带试点城市建设发挥创新驱动力的重要条件,它能够对不同属性企业的技术创新活动产生“结构性”的优化影响。因此,应进一步扩大“宽带中国”试点政策城市范围,释放网络信息基础设施建设所带来的红利,充分考虑到新型基础设施建设的异质性效果,注重政策的组合拳及协同效果,更好地发挥新型基础设施的优势。 相似文献
11.
本文通过构建经济数学模型,对同质产品条件下的标准专利许可中的保护与反垄断的固定价格、可变价格和两部收费制等三类价格协调机制的内在机理进行了分析。主要结论包括:三种价格形式在市场均衡条件下具有不同的均衡特点,体现出技术标准许可的相关主体的不同利益诉求;固定价格和可变价格比率都随着技术标准使用者的数量的增加而降低;可变价格比率和均衡产量负相关;在完全和对称信息条件下,技术标准所有者更偏好于单一的固定价格和单一的可变价格。本文的分析结论丰富了相关理论研究,不仅得到了MPEG的相关技术标准许可的典型案例的部分支持,也对技术标准的相关主体具有很好的政策性启示作用。 相似文献
12.
Innovation is the most important competitive advantage of the United States. However, the infringement of intellectual property and the forcing of US firms to transfer technology to foreign firms have become increasingly important issues in recent years. This article discusses the implications of China's forced technology transfer regime. 相似文献
13.
Recent years have witnessed a phenomenal growth in outward foreign direct investment (FDI) by Chinese multinationals. In contrast to their developed country counterparts, Chinese multinationals lack experience in foreign expansion and international operation. Although there has been increasing academic attention placed on Chinese outward FDI, little research on expatriate skills training of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) has been conducted. Since the mainstream research focuses on expatriate pre‐departure training rather than on learning during assignment, this study aims to bridge this gap by exploring how Chinese MNEs cope with expatriate training and skill enhancement when operating in an advanced economy such as Australia. The study utilises cross‐level, in‐depth interviews to analyse expatriate training in seven Chinese multinationals. Drawing on social learning theory, some patterns of Chinese expatriate skills training strategies are revealed, such as internationalisation as learning, the use of subsidiaries as a training tool, and learning as belonging. 相似文献
14.
Mohamed H. Elmagrhi Collins G. Ntim Ahmed A. Elamer Qingjing Zhang 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2019,28(1):206-220
This paper seeks to contribute to the existing business strategy and the environment literature by examining the effect of governance structures on environmental performance within a unique context of improving environmental governance, policies, regulations, and management. Specifically, we investigate the extent to which corporate board gender diversity, including the proportion, age, and level of education of female directors, affects environmental performance of Chinese publicly listed corporations. Using one of the largest Chinese data sets to date, consisting of a sample of 383 listed A‐shares from 2011 to 2015 (i.e., observations of 1,674), our findings are threefold. First, we find that the proportion and age of female directors have a positive effect on the overall corporate environmental performance. Second, our findings indicate that the proportion and age of female directors also have a positive effect on the three individual environmental performance components, namely, environmental (a) strategy, (b) implementation, and (c) disclosure. Finally, and by contrast, we do not find any evidence that suggests that the level of education of female directors has any impact on environmental performance, neither the overall environmental performance measure nor its individual components. Our findings have important implication for regulators and policymakers. Our evidence is robust to controlling for alternative measures, other governance and firm‐level control variables, and possible endogeneities. We interpret our findings within a multitheoretical framework that draws insights from agency, legitimacy, neo‐institutional, resource dependence, stakeholder, and tokenism theoretical perspectives. 相似文献
15.
Ronald F. Premuroso Somnath Bhattacharya 《Corporate Governance: An International Review》2007,15(6):1260-1276
Some S&P 500 firms have recently formed technology committees at the board‐level. This study investigates the corporate governance and firm financial performance implications of the voluntary formation of technology committees by members of the S&P 500. Using financial performance and structure‐related variables, the results of the study suggest that firms’ corporate governance ratings are significantly and positively related to their decisions to voluntarily form technology committees. Specifically, firm performance ratios such as return on assets, return on equity, and net profit margin appear to be associated with firms’ decisions to form board‐level technology committees. These findings have post Sarbanes‐Oxley corporate governance and performance implications and should be relevant for stakeholders such as the SEC, various stock exchanges, and the firms themselves. 相似文献
16.
Daniel Z. Ding Gloria Ge Malcolm Warner 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(4-5):836-852
This study reviews the evolution of organizational governance and human resource management practices in China's non-state sector, with a focus on China's township and village enterprises (TVEs). The empirical investigation on twenty TVEs located in Southern China provided the evidence that, as enterprises move towards a more formal corporate governance structure with clearer property rights relations, their human resource management practices tend to become more marketized, in order to meet the challenge of increased competition in the highly dynamic, transitional Chinese economy. 相似文献
17.
In environmental management, companies must respond to myriad needs and pressures from stakeholders such as buyers, regulators, communities, and NGOs. While researchers recognize that these stakeholder entities have different saliency and influences over a focal firm, the influences from multiple stakeholders are often aggregated as a single factor, overlooking differences among them. Stakeholders may have competing demands: A buyer may consider only potential environment‐cost trade‐offs, while the government balances the environment, increased cost‐competitive manufacturing and job creation. Such demands compete for the same resources within the supplier's organization, forcing suppliers to satisfice and compromise. This study qualitatively examines Chinese suppliers' responses to requests to adopt energy efficiency (EE) initiatives in their production plants by two of their most critical stakeholders: buyers and the government. We identify three categories of EE initiatives implemented by the suppliers and find that their implementations are contingent on their ownership characteristics and value alignment with these two stakeholders. Further, we find that suppliers interpret buyers' motives regarding EE in the context of buyer–supplier relationships and environmental positioning of the buyers' products. These findings are articulated in a set of propositions that are introduced based on our analysis of these case study data. 相似文献