组织变革条件下雇佣关系的失衡与调适

雇佣关系是企业所有者和劳动者以市场为导向的经济合约模式,与社会制度没有必然联系。面对组织变革,传统的长期雇佣在降低成本、技术进步、战略调整等因素作用下逐步解体。对传统雇佣关系的否定并意味着对长期雇佣的否定,构建好新型雇佣关系对企业和员工都是必要的。     

新时期非典型雇佣的发展趋势及策略分析

非典型雇佣方式的快速发展和演化,使雇佣关系向组织外部转移的趋势越来越明显,市场对雇佣关系的控制力越来越大,单纯依靠企业内部的管理尚不能完成对非典型雇佣方式的管理,由此引发了非典型雇佣发展的一系列突出问题。金融危机背景下,企业为重获成本优势越来越依赖于非典型雇佣方式,使非典型雇佣方式越来越普及化,这就意味着,市场和政府必须对此进行合理的引导和规范,企业要健全人力资源管理体系,本文将针对非典型雇佣方式发展遇到的问题进行策略分析。     

雇佣关系的交换关系平衡

雇佣关系的实质是交换关系,归根到底是雇佣双方利益的反映和交换。因此,雇佣关系可以从交换平衡的视角寻求治理机制和路径,关键在于找到雇佣双方都能接受的公平标准,基于雇佣关系交换平衡的微观框架,雇佣关系治理的核心在于雇佣双方利益目标维度的内在统一,以及各自承担起相应的责任维度。     

柔性化雇佣关系下人才流动机制的探讨

柔性化雇佣关系是缓解人才供求矛盾的方法,其最大的特点是人才流动.本文通过分析柔性化雇佣关系下人才流动的优势和不足,提出几点研究对策,以便柔性化的人才流动发挥它的更大效用     

组织变革下的雇佣关系转变分析

社会的发展变革对企业的经营方式和雇佣哲学产生着巨大的影响,特别是在信息技术和市场经济发展的推动下,企业对柔性和灵活的追求使得雇佣双方的治理模式发生了根本性的转变,该领域大规模的深刻变革正在酝酿之中。本文从微观角度研究雇佣关系的协调机制,在合作、共赢的原则下探讨构建企业新型雇佣关系的途径、方法,提出在企业经营环境和理念转变过程中雇佣变革的最优路径。     

关于员工关系管理中五种模糊关系的探讨

文章通过员工关系管理中五种模糊关系的分析,对劳动关系与雇佣关系、劳动关系与劳务关系、雇佣关系与劳务关系、劳动关系管理与员工关系管理的区别和联系进行深入的探讨,并对实习关系的归属、实习学生的权益和实习关系的法制建设提出了相应判断和对策。     

柔性化雇佣关系下人才流动机制的探讨

柔性化雇佣关系是缓解人才供求矛盾的方法，其最大的特点是人才流动。本文通过分析柔性化雇佣关系下人才流动的优势和不足，提出几点研究对策，以便柔性化的人才流动发挥它的更大效用。     

对雇佣关系研究的新视角——心理契约的维度之影响

文章从心理契约的维度方面考量不同雇佣关系下员工的心理契约的特点,以及由此对其态度和行为产生的影响。从这个角度进行的研究可以提前预见不同雇佣关系中所蕴含的期望及问题,为改善组织对于各种雇佣关系的管理、提高员工的工作满意度及减少劳动纠纷提供了新的途径。     

我国灵活就业的雇佣关系

在我国传统计划经济时期的安置就业退出历史舞台以后,灵活就业逐渐成为我国社会实现充分就业的主要渠道。与此相适应,就是灵活就业也给我们带来了多样化的雇佣关系。本文在两年多的专题调查研究基础上,分析了我国灵活就业劳动雇佣关系的现状特点,对灵活就业群体及其雇主做了分类,对雇佣关系引发的冲突问题作了归纳分析,对不同类型的灵活就业的雇佣关系提出了规范化管理的思路和对策建议。     

基于企业文化视角的和谐雇佣关系构建

在经济转型期,员工的高度流动性使得企业雇佣关系的本质发生了根本性的变化,劳资矛盾日益尖锐。这一问题逐渐引起了管理研究者和企业管理者的高度重视。文章以企业文化为视角,剖析了雇佣关系的变迁原因,并从分析企业文化的功能着手,探讨和谐雇佣关系的构建路径。作者认为研究企业如何建立与转型经济特征和企业发展需要相适应的雇佣关系模式,具有非常重要的现实意义。相互投资型雇佣关系应该是企业目前应对全球化竞争的有效模式。     

管理者亲社会违规对员工创新行为的影响

基于多焦点社会交换理论，分析员工传统性以及不同焦点的心理契约在管理者亲社会违规对员工创新行为影响机制中的作用，并通过259份员工问卷统计验证上述作用。研究发现：①管理者亲社会违规对员工创新行为具有直接正向影响；②管理者亲社会违规通过上级—下属心理契约履行正向影响员工创新行为；③管理者亲社会违规通过组织—员工心理契约违背负向影响员工创新行为；④员工传统性越高，管理者亲社会违规对上级—下属心理契约履行的正向影响越强，且对组织—员工心理契约违背的正向影响越弱；⑤员工传统性越高，组织—员工心理契约违背的间接效应越弱，但对上级—下属心理契约履行的间接效应影响不显著。     

How Love Evolved from Sex and Gave Birth to Intelligence and Human Nature

This article argues that emotional attachment drive has shaped the evolution of human intelligence, interpersonal relationships and culture. The first section is about the evolution of social bonds and their role in the rise of intelligence. At the outset, I present evidence that desire for emotional closeness to others is a primary human instinct. Recent discoveries in neurobiology are then incorporated into a summary of the evolution of brain systems that activate emotional attachments and the vital role of parental nurture in the development of offspring's social behavior and capacity to cope with stress. The evolution of maternal behavior is discussed as a particularly important event enabling expansion of brain size and complexity and initiating a pattern of mutually enhancing co-evolution between social complexity and intelligence leading ultimately to the modern human brain. The second section examines how emotional attachment drive may have contributed to the evolution of prominent aspects of human nature and culture. It is hypothesized that the evolution of unique human mental abilities provided vast new outlets for and means of expressing emotional attachment leading to much closer and more diverse interpersonal relationships and the rise and transmission of culture. These developments were very likely important for increasing the adaptive advantages and decreasing the dangers of high intelligence. Emotional bonding between human sex partners was probably selected for because the slow maturation, complex cognitive and psychological development and culture acquisition needs of children required more parental attention for much longer periods compared to offspring of other primate species. Integration of attachment motivation and high intelligence is hypothesized to have been important in the selection of hominid species that were the immediate ancestors of modern humans.     

Natural or unnatural selection? The end of lending relationships for small businesses

We investigate the situation where small business borrowers and banks end their lending relationships. If credit allocation is efficient, banks terminate their relationships with risky borrowers. Alternatively, small business borrowers are more likely to end their relationships when they have poor investment opportunities and do not require borrowed funds. However, if the soft budget constraints of banks or credit crunches are a significant problem, banks are likely to continue their relationships with risky firms or end their relationships with nonrisky firms, which is representative of an unnatural credit allocation. Using Japanese firm-level data, we show empirically that these relationships end naturally, with natural credit allocation supported even during the recent global financial crisis.     

Collateral in lending relationships. A study on European SMEs microdata

This work empirically investigates the role played by collateralizable assets in helping SMEs to access bank credit, assuming that such a role might be affected by the (balancing between) benefits and costs related to enduring lending relationships. Using an exclusive data-set on European firms, we find that longer lending relationships amplify the beneficial effect of collateral on SMEs’ financing, suggesting that the advantages of longer bank-firm ties might prevail over the disadvantages. This finding holds for both more and less informationally transparent firms, as well as at the outset of the last financial crisis. Combined to the positive influence that the duration of bank relations seems to exert per se, our results provide (further) evidence in support of the valuable role of close lending relationships for SMEs’ financing.     

理解当代中国的中央与地方关系

建国以来,中央与地方关系始终处于动态演进过程之中。在传统计划经济时期,中央与地方关系的演进特点是收权与放权的往复循环;改革开放之后,以财税体制改革和政府机构改革为重点,中央与地方关系得到了相应的调整,中国经济与政治体制改革取得了显著成效。尽管如此,中央与地方关系因其复杂性和历史惯性而出现了诸如集权与分权的程度之争、事权与财力的匹配之争、中央与地方的强弱之争等矛盾,解决这些矛盾的方式方法反过来影响了宏观经济稳定和微观经济活力。为今之计是进一步推进经济与政治体制改革,探索包括转变政府职能、建立公共财政体系和优化政府权力结构在内的中央与地方关系。     

Lending technologies,banking relationships,and firms’ access to credit in Italy: the role of firm size

This paper analyses the role of lending technologies and banking relationships on firms’ credit access in Italy. Using EFIGE firm-level data, we show that the depth and strength of firm–bank relationships have heterogeneous effects on credit demand and rationing probabilities depending on the size of the borrower. Multiple banking relationships alleviate financial constraints for small firms, while borrowing from a large number of lenders hinders access to credit for large companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises with a higher share of debt with the main bank have a lower probability of being credit denied, as debt concentration contributes to overcome the opacity problems typical of the SMEs. Long-lasting relationships, by reducing information asymmetries, significantly improve access to credit for small and large firms. Conversely, we find that medium-sized enterprises are more exposed to financing constraints as relationship duration increases, due to possible lock-in effects. Finally, firms maintaining banking relationships based on transactional technologies are more likely to be credit denied, while the use of relationship lending technologies improves credit availability for both small and large enterprises.     

On the role of personal relationships for doing business in the Greater Pearl River Delta,China

This article investigates the role of personal relationships for doing business in the Greater Pearl River Delta, China (GPRD). First, it discusses the interplay of formal and informal (relationship-based) institutions based on institutional economics. Second, it describes the institutional environment for doing business in China, and in the GPRD in particular. Third, it uses data obtained from a survey among executives of Hong Kong electronics SMEs with business operations in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) to gain insights into their perceptions of the importance and the motives of using personal relationships for business in PRD in general, and on the impact of personal relationships on location and partner decisions for companies' production as well as innovation activities, in particular. The results confirm the importance of personal relationships for doing business in the GPRD and suggest that companies rely on personal relationships for business not only for cultural reasons but also to cope with deficient legal and political institutions.     

中国营销渠道中企业间信任的概念模型

关系营销在理论界和企业界的日益兴起,使得许多企业在与其渠道成员的交换中开始放弃传统的交易导向,采纳关系导向.在这个背景下,信任被认为是建立成功交换关系的关键要素.本文在对现有文献概括与归纳的基础上,提出厂商视角的我国企业间渠道信任的一个综合模型和两个具体模型,即集体信任模型和人际信任模型,以及相关的若干命题.     

Interactions on Job and Employee Effort within Italian Social Cooperatives

The aim of this paper is to analyse, using a standard ordered probit model, the correlates of worker effort within Italian social cooperatives. The main assumption of the paper is that employee effort depends not only on standard variables that explain effort but also on employees’ interpersonal relationships on the job. The analysis adds a new piece of evidence to the extant literature on effort, i.e. the impact of on-the-job interpersonal relationships on effort. The results show that there exists a positive correlation between the quantity and quality of worker relations within the social enterprise with customers, volunteers, colleagues and superiors and effort.     

长期服务关系中的顾客行为：信任和承诺的作用

本文通过抽样调查方法检验了在长期服务关系中顾客信任和承诺对顾客行为的影响机制。研究发现,顾客信任和承诺对顾客合作和正面口碑都具有类似的积极影响;顾客承诺可以降低顾客机会主义行为,而信任没有这一功能;顾客信任可以提高顾客在服务关系中的灵活性,而承诺则不起作用;顾客信任还提高了顾客正式控制机制的使用效果,顾客承诺则降低了对服务企业单方面行为的默许。