技术的时空扩散研究:以GIS在中国教育科研机构的扩散为例

新技术的扩散总是涉及到时间和空间两个尺度,相当一部分技术扩散研究只研究时间这一尺度。相比而言,空间的扩散过程及机理的研究就困难得多,这不仅因为数据难以获得,而且因为在空间尺度上影响扩散的因素也相当复杂。文章利用文献计量方法获得有关GIS技术在中国教育科研机构的基本数据,为技术的时空扩散研究提供了难得的数据资源。该数据的特点在于同时具有时间和空间两维尺度。数据表明,无论是在时间还是在空间尺度上,技术的扩散都表现为经典的S型增长路径。在数据的基础上分析了影响GIS扩散的主要因素,包括地区文化教育和科研状况、地区经济发展以及地区信息与网络状况等。在此基础上,利用主体模型对时空扩散过程加以模拟,模拟的结果比较令人满意,表明对于影响因素的分析是可靠的。     

地理信息系统在区域商业和经济中的应用初探

有效地开发和利用地理空间数据，可以优化配置资源，降低商业运行成本，并规划、监测、改善区域商业和经济环境。而地理信息系统，不仅是关于地理数据的获取、存储、转换、分析和表示的原则、方法和工具，而且提供了认识空间现象的思维方式和解决空间问题的方法，可用于定义、分析、表现复杂的空间经济现象。基于这样的认识，本文试图从理论上探讨地理信息、商业环境和区域经济发展间的关系，并结合中国广东的区域经济状况，初步分析地理信息系统在商业和区域经济中的潜在应用。     

东北区域网络利用水平现状、原因及其对策

基于SOHU．COM网站提供的中国区域网站建设的基础数据,文章描述了东北网站建设现状,分析了网络利用水平较低的主要原因——信息基础设施落后、财政紧张和软环境落后,在此基础上,提出了一些建议和对策。     

EXPORT-LINKED EMPLOYMENT IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

This paper examines relevant data sources and develops a methodology based on available data in order to estimate the level of employment for a region that is linked to exports of goods and services. The methodology allows for the estimation of direct and indirect export-related employment at the 2-digit SIC industry level. In addition, the paper describes how the direction of regional trade can be estimated, and how regional employment linked to exports to major trading partners can be calculated. This methodology is then applied using data from the Southern California region. Tables with estimates of total regional export-linked employment (by industry) and the regional employment associated with exports to each of the region's top 10 export trading partners are included. The usefulness of this type of database with regard to economic policy is discussed, as well as regional economic implications of the current economic crisis in Asia. ( JEL F16, R15, R58, R23)     

中国区域全要素生产率的影响因素分析——基于地理溢出效应的视角

随着区域经济一体化程度的不断增加,区域间经济活动的相互依赖性日益加强,地理溢出效应对区域全要素生产率的影响受到越来越多的关注。利用中国1998—2008年25个省(市、自治区)的相关数据,运用面板数据模型的分析方法,研究了研发资本、人力资本、公共基础设施资本及其地理溢出效应对区域全要素生产率的影响。结果显示,研发资本、人力资本与公共基础设施资本投入对区域全要素生产率具有积极的影响。人力资本的地理溢出效应不显著,公共基础施设资本投入的地理溢出效应为负。研发资本及其地理溢出效应对区域全要素生产率有积极影响,地理溢出效应大于研发资本对本地区全要素生产率的影响。     

江苏省新型工业化水平综合测度研究

文章在建立区域新型工业化评价体系的基础上,运用多指标综合评价法,以江苏省13个地市为研究地域单元,对江苏省区域新型工业化水平进行综合测度和研究。结果发现全省新型工业化程度不高,区域分异现象明显,新型工业化层面因素空间表现各异,模式各具特色。基于上述特点,对江苏新型工业化发展提出了战略性构想:深入实施新型工业化战略,全面提高全省新型工业化水平;强化信息化带动战略,加快新型工业化进程;因地制宜,探索具有江苏特色的新型工业化道路;实施工业区域共同发展战略,缩小新型工业化区域差距。     

区域物流信息化规划研究综述

文章利用数据库统计2010年以前国内外核心管理期刊和物流研究专刊上所有涉及区域物流信息化规划研究的文章,研究了区域物流信息化规划研究领域中物流信息化定义、区域物流信息化规划理论与实践、趋势等不同的研究视角及焦点。结果表明,迄今为止还没有一个物流信息化定义被大家广泛的认同和使用;区域物流信息化规划理论面临新的挑战;区域物流信息化规划实践中对于物流信息化平台的投资运营模式、管理模式等方面的研究显得不足;出现了从物联网来研究区域物流信息化规划的新趋势。最后指出研究区域物流信息化规划的新方向。     

HYSTERESIS AND THE REGIONAL NAIRUs IN ITALY

This paper investigates the determinants of regional unemployment disparities in Italy. Relying on panel unit root tests and data over the 1977–2003 years, we reject the hysteresis hypothesis and then proceed to estimate the non‐accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) for each of the 20 Italian regions. Our estimates of the regional NAIRUs turn out to be fairly precise and allow us to draw two interesting conclusions. First, the hypothesis of constant regional NAIRUs between 1977 and 2003 is supported by the data. Second, we find that there is a significant degree of heterogeneity among the regional NAIRUs.     

中国区域公立科技创新资源与经济发展水平相关性分析

各国各政府相继开展了创新系统建设,而"创新型城市"、"创新型区域"的建设成为国家创新体系的重要组成部分。利用突变级数法综合考虑地区生产总值、年末总人口、人均地区生产总值、经济密度,对地区经济发展水平进行评价;并基于地区公立科研机构对地区科技创新资源进行评估,研究区域公立科技创新资源与经济发展水平之间相关性。中国区域经济发展水平与公立科技资源之间并无明显的正相关关系。由二者决定的散点图,呈现较弱的抛物线分布。因此,区域公立科技投入如何与经济发展水平进行匹配,以提高科技产出效率,有待进一步研究支撑。     

PUBLIC CAPITAL, PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND CONVERGENCE IN THE SPANISH REGIONS (1964–93)

This paper analyses the behaviour of productive efficiency in the Spanish regions for the period 1964–93. From a growth accounting approach, it describes the regional evolution of total factor productivity (TFP'), based on a private inputs production function. A stricter measure of efficiency is then quantified, which is not equivalent to Solow's residual, since public capital is included in the production function and constant returns to scale are not imposed. Finally, on the basis of the measures of total factor productivity and efficiency, the study discusses the existence of technological convergence among Spanish regions and the role played in it by public capital. The renewed interest in the analysis of the process of growth reflected in economic literature in recent years has also occurred in the case of the Spanish economy, with some peculiarities which are worth mentioning. In the 1980s, two important institutional changes took place: a profound political and administrative decentralization, the regions now being autonomous in many decisions on public expenditure, and the incorporation of Spain into the European Community, which as it is well known has a powerful regional policy. Both changes have meant that the analysis of regional economies, and especially their growth paths, have received much more attention from politicians and economists, and even from the population in general. In particular, intense discussion has taken place regarding the effects of development policies and on criteria for geographical distribution of infrastructures. In both cases, much attention has been paid to discussing their capacity to contribute to convergence among the different regions. As a consequence of this greater interest in the analysis of growth from a regional perspective, efforts have also been made to improve the relevant statistical information. In particular, statistical series have been drawn up for investment and accumulated capital stock in each region, both private and public.' This information, only recently available and the first of its kind, as far as we know, in the European regions, substantially broadens the possibilities of research into the Spanish case in this field, where before not even the simplest exercises in growth accounting could be attempted. Further-more, since the series now available allow the time dimension of growth analysis to be combined with the regional dimension, it is possible to work with a panel of data and apply the corresponding techniques. This article analyses the growth of the Spanish economy over the period 1964–93, during which it can be observed that the per capita income levels of the Spanish regions converged. The objective of the study is to evaluate this process of convergence in income from the perspective of the productive efficiency of the regions, in three different ways. First, Section I considers the importance of the contributions of the private factors of production and of improvements in total factor productivity to the growth of output. Secondly, section II studies the existing relationship between the standard measure of efficiency (Solow's residual or TFP') and a stricter measure when the endowments of public capital are considered. Section III analyses whether or not the convergence in per capita income     

信息化对江苏省经济社会发展的影响

随着信息社会的到来,信息化对区域经济社会的影响成为国内外研究的热点之一。西方经验研究表明,1990年代以来,信息化对发达国家经济社会发展产生了显著的影响,不同国家信息化产生影响的特征不尽相同。文章分析了近10年来信息化对江苏省经济社会发展的影响,认为信息产业发展迅速,信息服务业对经济总量增长的贡献比信息制造业更为显著。通过对边际贡献的分析,江苏省信息消耗对GDP的边际贡献远远大于全国平均水平,信息对经济发展有较强的拉动作用。通过分析失业率和区域差异的变化,探究了信息化对江苏省社会发展的影响,结果发现随着信息化水平的不断提高,全省失业率表现出驼峰曲线的特点,并且区域差异表现出扩大趋势。     

东北经济区综合运输通道建设与区域可持续发展研究

东北经济区综合运输通道的形成与发展是社会经济系统发展的必然产物，各级地方政府与东北亚各国未来对区域经济发展的热切愿望与建设交通设施的追求必然对社会生态系统产生更为深刻的影响，因此，东北区综合运输通道建设与可持续发展将是我们的长期研究课题。本文在综合分析东北经济区运输通道发展现状与特点的基础，对东北经济区域综合运输通道对社会生态系统的下面与负面影响作了战略性与历史性的评价。进而从区域经济联系与国际合作开发的角度，探讨其未来发展格局及其对社会生态系统的可能影响。最后，提出了综合运输通道可持续发展所需注意的若干问题和建议。     

Information technology and the spatial dynamics of capital

This paper considers the spatial attributes of computer network technology and their implications for modelling the regional dynamics of the information economy. Attention focuses initially on the assumptions made about the locational and usage characteristics of capital in some traditional regional economic models, and then it is shown that the new information technology, as a form of ‘information capital’, requires closer scrutiny of these approaches. We emphasize the ‘communicability’ of this type of capital, specifically the capital services embodied in information flows over corporate computer networks, and its potential effects on the regional geography of enterprise and of the economy more generally. This leads us to reflect on what new considerations should enter into regional policy-making for the information economy, including the central role of advanced telecommunications infrastructure.     

技术信息获取、政府科技资助影响企业创新能力吗

技术和资金是企业创新活动的关键要素，采用2014-2017年中国内地31个省级行政区数据，对技术信息获取、政府科技资助是否影响企业创新能力进行理论假设和实证检验。结果表明：技术信息获取对企业创新能力有显著积极影响；政府科技资助对企业创新活动有明显“抑制效应”；技术信息获取与政府科技资助协同作用对企业创新能力有显著负向影响。结论对厘清政府科技资助对企业创新能力是“扶持效应”抑或“抑制效应”，及如何建设技术信息网络等基础设施、制定政府科技资助政策有一定借鉴意义。     

滇西北高山峡谷区脱贫与生态保护建设研究

滇西北地区以其丰富多姿的生物资源、人文资源和景观资源而久负盛名。但由于地处边远和环境恶劣造成区内贫困问题、生态环境在耕种农业发展的压力下日趋恶化、山地灾害频发,这都成为影响区域社会经济发展的主要障碍。本文在实地调查与统计资料的研究基础上,对区内贫困现状与产生因素进行综合评价,认为区内贫困人口表现为:经济收入缺乏型、粮食生产短缺型、能源困乏型、水资源缺乏型及环境型5种贫困特征,以此为基础,就如何通过调整产业结构、合理开发利用与管理资源等,为实现区域脱贫与建设良好的生态环境提出相关建议。     

A MICROCONSISTENT DATA SET FOR CANADA FOR USE IN REGIONAL GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM POLICY ANALYSIS1

This paper describes the sources and methods used in assembling a microconsistent regional data set for Canada for 1981 for use in counterfactual general equilibrium policy analyses focussing on regional impacts of government policies. A microconsistent data set at the regional level requires assembling detailed consistent accounts of production and demand by region, of interregional and international trade flows, and of transactions involving multiple levels of government. For many or most countries, the data requirements associated with regional general equilibrium analysis preclude this form of work. But because of the substantial progress made in recent years in developing provincial data sources in Canada, such as the provincial input-output tables and the provincial economic accounts, the situation in Canada is different. Using these data, it is possible to construct an interregional microconsistent benchmark data set at a suitable level of commodity detail for subsequent model use. This data set has already been used in an initial evaluation of a number of Canadian regional issues (see Trela and Whalley (1985)). The methodology used follows that presented in an earlier paper of ours (St-Hilaire and Whalley (1983)) which described the construction of a 1972 national data set for Canada developed for tax policy analysis.     

REGIONAL INFORMATION DESIGN FOR PUBLIC DECISIONS*

Regional information designs are tools for decision makers at subnational levels; their principal purpose is to improve the dialogue between the decision maker and the analyst as a means of improving the quality of policy decisions. This paper first examines key characteristics of regional accounts and regional information systems of relevance primarily at the state or province level. Then the nature and scope of regional decisions are reviewed with a view of delineating the problems encountered in developing systematic regional information to help make those decisions. Both policy and program decisions are considered in terms of scanning the horizon for potential opportunities and problems and of identifying preferred solutions to the problems. Finally, one regional information design is sketched out which classifies in an orderly fashion the environmental and program information useful in regional decision making.     

我国交通运输业区域分布特性

立足于区域经济发展和产业结构演变理论,建立了几个交通运输区域特征评价的宏观性指标,并以我国近几年来交通运输业的相关统计数据进行了计算,就东、中、西部地区的运力和运量分布进行了区域特性分析,揭示了交通运输业和国民经济之间的某些区域性特征关系,结合四川省的具体情况进行了数据实例分析,为新形势下我国交通运输发展战略选择和政策制定提出了一些参考性建议。     

JOB MOBILITY IN BRITAIN: ARE THE SCOTS DIFFERENT? EVIDENCE FROM THE BHPS†

The Scottish extension‐sample of the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) is used to shed light on differences in job mobility patterns in England and Scotland for both men and women. Based on probit estimates of the overall mobility rate, a new decomposition technique is applied to distinguish between explained and unexplained differences. Furthermore, exploiting data on the number of job changes, a zero inflated Poisson model is estimated to provide information on possible differences in the expected number of job changes. Overall, there is evidence that suggests significant differences in mobility patterns south and north of the Borders; however, this is confined to men. Yet, whether this suffices to justify a heterogeneous regional labour market remains to be seen.