考虑用户需求价格弹性的峰谷分时电价时段划分研究

合理的时段划分是峰谷分时电价政策的重要内容。现行时段划分一般根据负荷历史数据,按经验确定时段数量和各时段小时及其分布,没有考虑负荷动态变化因素,具有较大的主观性。为了解决这个问题,在充分考虑用户需求价格弹性的基础上,采用分层聚类算法确定时段数量及其时段划分。首先,使用考虑用户需求价格弹性的预计负荷作为时段划分的基础。其次,根据负荷样本类间离差平方和的差异性确定时段聚类数,并将各时点划分至各峰谷时段。最后,对某省峰谷分时电价时段划分进行了实例测算,结果表明,峰谷时段划分数量和时段分布能够减小电网负荷峰谷差,更好地实现峰谷分时电价政策目标。     

供应链管理下的制造商采购优化策略分析

有效的采购优化策略已成为制造商降低经营成本,加快资金流转速度,满足客户需求,增强核心竞争力的重要保障。文章从采购分析、采购电子化、供应商评估、采购绩效、采购物流系统、协同采购等六个方面对供应链管理下的制造商采购优化策略进行了重点阐述和探讨。     

企业集中采购的信息化管理

信息化是改造和提升传统产业的革命性手段．集中统一的采购管理体系的构建,必须借助信息技术和互联网手段,实现采购电子化、管理信息化、信息集成化。集中采购能够集合需求批量,实现规模采购效益,不仅降低采购成本、提升采购专业化水平,而且能够优化整合采购资源,提升企业的采购供应链运行效率。随着物资供应管理的集约化发展,集中采购的信息化程度逐渐成为了物资供应管理水平高低的映射。     

需求管理:提升采购竞争力之源

本文认为,需求管理是采购供应管理中的一项重要工作,它通过系统化的工具来切实地满足需求,从而实现企业的采购战略目标。需求管理对于提高企业采购质量、降低采购成本、提高企业响应速度及规避采购风险等重要竞争要素都具有影响,进而影响着企业的核心竞争力。需求管理是采购供应管理活动的开始阶段,如果需求管理出现了问题,接下来的采购工作将面临极大的风险,也意味着不良的采购绩效。为管理好采购需求,提升企业需求管理水平,文章提出,企业可在采购管理部门的配合下通过标准化的工具来进行需求管理,包括使用企业内部规格与外部标准来明确需求;另外,企业也可以使用内部标准化和价值分析/价值工程等工具进一步改进需求管理绩效。     

基于分型的分时段无功优化新方法

针对电力系统无功补偿设备动作次数频繁的问题,提出了一种基于分形特征参量的分时段无功优化方法。首先计算不同时刻的负荷时间序列分形特征参量,然后利用ISODATA聚类算法,合并类似的相邻时刻,形成合理的补偿时段。算例说明该方法在保证无功优化效果的前提下,实现了减少设备的动作次数。     

2021年征文活动二等奖获奖论文 政府采购项目需求编制及转化的应用探讨

<正>文章认为,政府采购中常见的“采购需求不清晰、个性化采购同质化”等问题的关键在于需求识别和采购评审机制尚不完善。作者通过借鉴世界银行的采购需求处理思路,提出了采购需求管理和评标因素权重设定的优化方法,并进行了模拟案例论证,旨在引导采购活动从“重程序”向“重前期需求和后端合同管理”延伸,压实采购人主体责任,实现政府采购项目物有所值,推动政府采购评审方法创新。     

浅谈降低日常物资采购成本的方法

本文从日常物资采购中可能存在的问题出发,分析了影响日常物资采购成本的主要因素,并以企业的日常物资采购为例,阐述了降低日常物资采购成本的方法,包括明确采购需求、科学优化采购管理体系、运用标准化采购策略及发挥电子采购优势四个方面。     

浅谈沃尔玛的采购管理对我国大型零售业的启示

沃尔玛采购信息管理系统的使用、全面压价降低采购成本、本地采购、"一站式"采购等管理方式,以及沃尔玛实行"弹性"采购运营模式,树立"诚信为金"的服务理念,践行采购约束机制等采购优化方案,都是值得我国企业借鉴和学习的。结合目前国内零售业采购管理的现状,在门店运营方面,零售商应加强对进货部门和人员的管理,加强进货商品质量管理,建立和完善计算机信息管理系统;从企业自身的角度,应合理选择采购模式,找准采购定位,与供应商密切合作。同时,国内零售企业应当转变营销观念,创造顾客需求,开辟出一条令沃尔玛都为之惊叹的新型运营模式,推动我国零售企业采购管理的又好又快发展。     

试论企业采购管理的战略应用

提升企业的采购理念,走出传统物资采购的误区,实施正确采购策略、合理配置采购组织、优化采购流程,有效降低采购总成本是战略采购的核心内容,优化企业采购管理,要采取建立采购总成本模型、总成本建模、建立供应和采购双方良好的合作共赢关系等战略和策略,确保供应链健康运行。     

企业采购需求管理的价值与路径

<正>采购需求是采购管理的源头,实现高效、规范采购必须从源头上提升需求管理能力。本文论述了采购需求管理的内涵及价值,分析了当前采购需求管理存在的问题,提出了加强需求管理的措施,包括构建内部控制体系,加强采购需求审查,完善采购品类管理机制,开展需求标准化建设,打造专业采购团队,加强采购需求调研论证,建立需求评价与监督机制等,为进一步提升企业采购管理水平提供参考。     

The role of product brand image and online store image on perceived risks and online purchase intentions for apparel

Purchase intentions for apparel products often require physical examination prior to purchase. Hence, greater risk is associated with shopping online for apparel products, making it important to examine factors that reduce various risks influencing online purchase intentions. This study examines and compares the impact of two of the most important risk reducers for online apparel shopping – product brand image and online store image – on specific types of perceived risks and online purchase intentions for apparel. The results show that product brand image influences consumers' online purchase intentions both directly and indirectly by reducing various risk perceptions. Online store image impacts purchase intentions indirectly by decreasing risk perceptions. The results of this study provide fresh insight into understanding the impact of product brand image and online store image on each type of perceived risk associated with online shopping.     

Purchase decision regret: Negative consequences of the Steadily Increasing Discount strategy

The Steadily Increasing Discount pricing strategy pits product scarcity against a future discount and forces consumers to make a choice between cost savings and the potential risk of missing the purchase opportunity. Dual non-student samples provide insight into the regret associated with this decision. The first study finds that product scarcity increases both action regret (purchase) and inaction regret (non-purchase) while the level of discount only influences inaction regret. In study two, the individual characteristics of materialism and price consciousness both impact the decision to buy, only materialism influences purchase decision regret. Theoretically, the results reverse the omission bias, demonstrating that regret from inaction is more salient than regret from action in this purchase situation. The studies underscore the high-risk, high-reward nature of multi-period pricing for managers. While firms control product availability and discount levels, they cannot control their customers' personality traits. Therefore, they should make every effort to understand their customers before embarking on such a strategy.     

我国钢铁企业降低进口矿采购物流成本的途径

本文针对我国钢铁企业面临进口矿价格和物流运输成本上升的压力,提出了降低进口矿采购成本和物流运输成本的一系列的途径,最后从供应链角度提出加强国内外合作,共享资源,降低整体经营成本的思路。     

Economic Benefits of Renting Software

In this article, we analyze the economics of a monopoly firm selling and renting a packaged software product by employing an intertemporal monopoly pricing game to model the firm's pricing strategy. The game models the software product as two versions; the first version is available in the first period and the second, a revised version, is available in the second period. The second version benefits from consumer reports of bugs and requests for additional features. This is modeled using delayed network externalities that take effect only in the second period. We observe that the introduction of the rental product in the first period leads to an increase in profits. We also find that the firm's profits are monotonically increasing with the intensity of the network effect. As the intensity of the network effect becomes stronger, the firm chooses to reduce its prices in the first period to expand the size of its network and later increases prices in the second period. Because many of the customers who choose to rent in the first period subsequently make a purchase in the second period, the firm is able to capture the benefits of network externalities in the first period without reducing sales in the second period. For high levels of network intensity, consumer surplus and social welfare are also higher.     

论私营企业期间费用控制研究

目前,我国私营企业在发展过程中,财务管理模式相对落后,期间费用控制存在诸多问题,主要表现为管理费用核算不准确,控制不科学;销售费用审批不严格,售后服务费用过高;混淆不同经济活动财务处理,内部控制不健全。私营企业加强期间费用管理,必须全面加强企业内部监督,降低管理费用;优化销售方式,降低销售费用;完善控制机制,降低财务费用,以期间费用控制的优化促进管理方式的创新。     

Maximizing Profits for a Multi-Category Catalog Retailer

It is a common trend in the retail industry for catalog retailers to mail multiple catalogs, each promoting different product categories. The existing catalog mailing models do not address the issue of optimizing multi-category catalog mailing. We address this research gap by introducing a model that integrates the when and what components of a customer's purchase decision into the how much component (number of catalogs) of a firm's cross-selling strategy. In addition to comparing the impact of category-specific versus full product catalogs in generating sales in a specific category, the study also finds relative impacts of various category-specific catalogs. We jointly estimate the probability of purchase and purchase amounts in multiple product categories by using multivariate proportional hazard model (MVPHM) and a regression based purchase amount model in a Hierarchical Bayesian framework. The model accounts for unobserved heterogeneity, and uses a control function (CF) approach to account for endogeneity in catalog mailing. The results from the Genetic Algorithm (GA) based optimization suggest that the catalog mailing policy as per the proposed model would be able to generate 38.4 percent more customer lifetime value (CLV) from a sample of 10 percent of the households as compared to the current catalog mailing policy of the retailer by reallocation of the catalogs across customers and mailing periods based on their propensity to buy.     

Requirement analysis and service optimization of multiple category fresh products in online retailing using importance-Kano analysis

Online fresh retailing enriches people's shopping choices and provides convenience to reduce the risk of infection during the pandemic. Online reviews contain consumers' attention, requirements and sentiments, and in-depth analysis of this information has guiding values for service optimization. To better understand this information, a requirement analysis idea based on the attention and sentiment distribution of online reviews was proposed, namely importance-Kano analysis. Seven different customer requirements were found, including express delivery, cost performance, communication, freshness, flavor, specification and packaging. Flavor and freshness are the most concerned attributes, and they and other attributes all influence satisfaction in their unique ways. Consumers care a lot about the shopping experience and product quality and they have a high degree of product involvement in fresh products. Service improvement should be considered as a systematic project, and the influence of competitive environment, category differences and technological development should not be ignored. A service optimization model was developed based on the concept of total quality management, which was constructed by three layers including supply chain, operation management and consumer experience. The systematic analysis is conducive to in-depth understanding of the complexity, systematical and timeliness nature of fresh product operation management.     

市场细分的新方式：产品知识——以手机产品为例

随着互联网等信息技术的发展．消费者获取知识和信息的成本将越来越低。消费者在搜集资料阶段总是通过种种手段获取相关的产品知识．并用于购前评估和购买过程两个阶段。本研究以手机产品为例,通过聚类分析的统计方法．依据顾客对产品知识的情况对消费者市场进行了细分研究。     

中国当前的通货膨胀及采购方略

近年来,在我国当前的通货膨胀及采购方略中,我国经济从通货紧缩走出后呈加速状态,已进入通货膨胀周期。本轮通货膨胀有我国国内经济原因,也有明显的成本输入特征。所以,在通货膨胀周期里,进行何种采购的方略尤为重要。     

Consumer Magazines—An Efficient Medium for Reaching Organizational Buyers

Network television and consumer magazines were compared with trade publications for cost efficiency in delivering individuals who influence organizational purchase decisions of $1,000 or more. Consumer magazines were found to deliver the total organizational buyer segment and various subsegments classified by industry and product category of the purchase more efficiently than the trade magazines.