外商直接投资与黑龙江省经济增长关系的实证分析

本文在对黑龙江省外商直接投资和省内生产总值进行相关性分析的基础上,利用因果关系检验和协整检验等检验方法,对二者的关系进行了实证检验,并在协整的基础上建立了误差修正模型。分析结果表明:二者之间存在正向的相关关系、单项的因果关系和长期稳定的均衡关系,说明外商直接投资的增长对黑龙江省经济增长具有重要意义。     

FDI、国际贸易及我国经济增长的协整分析与VECM模型

本文利用我国1983-2004年的经济数据进行实证检验,根据协整理论建立向量误差修正模型(VECM)。实证结果说明外国直接投资、国际贸易与经济增长间具有长期均衡关系,且我国国内生产总值的增长与外国直接投资有双向因果关系,但相互影响的程度不同;我国为出口导向型经济增长国家且外国直接投资对国际贸易具有促进作用.     

Foreign Direct Investment,Domestic Investment and Economic Growth in China: A Time Series Analysis

This paper investigates the causal link between foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment and economic growth in China for the period 1988–2003 using a multivariate VAR system with error correction model (ECM) and the innovation accounting (variance decomposition and impulse response function analysis) techniques. The results show that while there is a bi‐directional causality between domestic investment and economic growth, there is only a single‐directional causality from FDI to domestic investment and to economic growth. Rather than crowding out domestic investment, FDI is found to be complementary with domestic investment. Thus, FDI has not only assisted in overcoming shortage of capital, it has also stimulated economic growth through complementing domestic investment in China.     

The Causal Relationship Between Information and Communication Technology and Foreign Direct Investment

This paper investigates the simultaneous causal relationship between investments in information and communication technology (ICT) and flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), with reference to its implications on economic growth. For the empirical analysis we use data from 23 major countries with heterogeneous economic development for the period 1976–99. Our causality test results suggest that there is a causal relationship from ICT to FDI in developed countries, which means that a higher level of ICT investment leads to an increase inflow of FDI. ICT may contribute to economic growth indirectly by attracting more FDI. Contrarily, we could not find significant causality from ICT to FDI in developing countries. Instead, we have partial evidence of opposite causality relationship: the inflow of FDI causes further increases in ICT investment and production capacity.     

FDI与安徽GDP增长关系的实证分析

基于新增长理论的基本原理,建立一个简单的安徽利用外资(FDI)与安徽国内生产总值(GDP)的模型,以安徽省数据为背景,运用时间序列的平衡性检验和协整检验、误差修正模型及格兰杰因果检验等方法,对两个变量之间的关系进行经验检验。结果表明,FDI是安徽GDP增长的Granger原因,FDI促进安徽GDP增长是显著的,而安徽经济发展对吸引外商直接投资的影响并不显著。因此,安徽省应加大招商引资的力度,促进经济的发展。     

国际金融服务贸易中商业存在规模的决定因素——基于我国银行业1985～2007年数据的Granger因果检验

在东道国设立"商业存在"是WTO金融服务贸易商重要的贸易方式,本文利用我国银行业的数据,创新性地针对影响外国银行"商业存在"规模与其决定因素之间的因果关系进行研究。通过协整检验及Granger因果检验发现,1985～2007年间,推动在我国设立的外国银行"商业存在"规模增长的主要因素是外国直接投资,而市场准入承诺、对外贸易规模以及我国银行业的平均盈利水平对"商业存在"规模的影响较小,同时,我国国民收入提高促进了外国银行"商业存在"及其主要影响因素进行了实证分析,研究发现:外国直接投资的增长推动了在我国设立的规模增长,反之亦然。     

The impact of civil war on foreign direct investment flows to developing countries

We investigate the impact of civil war on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries. We employ a new data-set that disaggregates FDI inflows to primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. Second, we control for a richer set of economic and institutional variables that could determine FDI inflows including population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the degree of trade openness, exchange rate variability, inflation, the governance structure of the host country using International Country Risk Guide data and its regime type using the POLITY autocracy–democracy data. We also address the reverse causality between FDI and conflict and the potential endogeneity of explanatory variables by employing dynamic system generalised method of moments (GMM) techniques in estimation. Our results indicate that primary sector FDI flows to developing countries are not significantly affected by civil war, whereas secondary and tertiary sectors FDI are more sensitive to such outbreak, potentially leading to reversals of existing FDI. Among institutional variables, government stability and control of corruption are more significant compared to regime type, law and order, and bureaucratic quality.     

沈阳利用外商直接投资与经济增长关系实证研究

本文探讨了沈阳利用外商直接投资与经济增长关系的实证研究问题,运用了协整检验和格兰杰因果检验的方法,对沈阳1992—2006年FDI与GDP数据进行了处理,分析了沈阳利用外商直接投资与经济增长的关系,得出了沈阳利用外商直接投资对其经济增长具有促进和推动作用这一结论,这与沈阳的实际经济发展状况基本相符。     

供给侧改革背景下新兴经济体发展现实比较及延伸思考

经济全球化促进了经济要素全球范围的广泛流动,也催生出了一些发展速度快、对全球影响较大的新兴经济体。研究发现:中国、巴西、俄罗斯、印度、南非这些新兴经济体的人均GDP在时间上发生了显著性变化,各个新兴经济体间的人均GDP也存在显著性差别。近十年间,中国经济增长基本保持了平稳状态,GDP的增长率波动不大,巴西、俄罗斯、印度以及南非经济增长波动均较大;中国与其他新兴经济体的货物与服务进出口、国外直接投资均没有显著的相关关系,彼此间影响也不明显。未来中国需要进一步优化产业结构,加强生态、制度环境建设,推动经济社会的全面进步;要加快新一轮高水平对外开放,拓展国际合作空间,建成开放型经济体;促进机会平等,走包容性经济增长之路,实现经济社会可持续发展。     

On the Causal Links Between FDI and Growth in Developing Countries

We analyse the Granger causal relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI) and GDP in a sample of 31 developing countries covering 31 years. Using estimators for heterogeneous panel data we find bi‐directional causality between the FDI‐to‐GDP ratio and the level of GDP. FDI has a lasting impact on GDP, while GDP has no long‐run impact on the FDI‐to‐GDP ratio. In that sense FDI causes growth. Furthermore, in a model for GDP and FDI as a fraction of gross capital formation (GCF) we also find long‐run effects from FDI to GDP. This finding may be interpreted as evidence in favour of the hypotheses that FDI has an impact on GDP via knowledge transfers and adoption of new technology.     

The macroeconomics of commercial policy and the trade balance: A policy perspective

Given the continuing growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the United States, there is a growing interest in examining its impact on the rate of economic growth. The immense literature on economic growth in the United States is composed of studies that concentrate on measuring the domestic variables that affect U.S. economic growth. However, the impact of foreign direct investment on the economic growth of the United States has not received the attention that is deserves. The purpose of this study is: (1) to examine the determinants of economic growth in the United States over time, and (2) to see if there is any time-series support for the FDI-led growth hypothesis in the United States. To achieve these goals the study uses a model that is based on the postulates of de Mello. Employing a 40-year period of annual data, the model is estimated by using the Beach Mackinnon technique which corrects for autocorrelation. The estimation results suggest the following conclusions: 1. The major determinants of economic growth in the United States are total factor productivity growth, domestic investment growth, and foreign direct investment growth. 2. Causal relationships between foreign direct investment growth and economic growth is uni-directional, running from foreign direct investment to economic growth. 3. Causal relationships between foreign direct investment growth and total factor productivity growth is uni-directional, running from foreign direct investment to total factor productivity. These findings suggest that foreign direct investment growth has a significant impact on the United States economic growth. Additionally, foreign direct investment has a significant impact on total factor productivity in the United States, further contributing to the United States’ economic growth. This calls on the U.S. policy makers to devise policies that are conducive to increasing the amount of foreign direct investment in this country.     

交通设施、金融深化、制度变迁及人力资本与FDI之间关系的实证研究

对外直接投资(FDI)对一个国家经济发展的影响是国际投资学理论研究的前沿和热点问题。FDI弥补了东道国的资金缺口,带来了先进的管理和技术等稀缺要素,同时FDI加速了东道国内部的产业结构调整和金融深化,推动了制度变迁,从多个角度深刻地影响了经济的发展。但是,究竟是东道国的哪些因素促进了FDI的流入?影响程度又有多大?为此,这里选择了有关制度变迁、金融深化、人均道路、产业结构、人力资本等多个自变量,利用现代计量经济学工具,对以上变量进行了选择,然后建立了它们与FDI的长期协整关系及误差修正模型,并进行了Granger因果检验,得出了有意义的结论。     

FDI and Growth: What Causes What?

This paper examines the causal relationship between FDI and economic growth by using an innovative econometric methodology to study the direction of causality between the two variables. We apply our methodology, based on the Toda‐Yamamoto test for causality, to time‐series data covering the period 1969–2000 for three developing countries, namely Chile, Malaysia and Thailand, all of them major recipients of FDI with a different history of macroeconomic episodes, policy regimes and growth patterns. Our empirical findings clearly suggest that it is GDP that causes FDI in the case of Chile and not vice versa, while for both Malaysia and Thailand, there is a strong evidence of a bi‐directional causality between the two variables. The robustness of the above findings is confirmed by the use of a bootstrap test employed to test the validity of our results.     

BOOK REVIEW

Using panel data methods to analyze data from 14 Latin American countries from 1978 to 2003, this paper empirically examines the links between foreign direct investment (FDI), local conditions, and economic growth. The results suggest that FDI plays an important role in contributing to economic growth. However, the effect of FDI on economic growth is dependent on host economy–based conditions. The empirical results from this study show that there is a positive interaction effect of FDI with technology gap and a negative interaction effect of FDI with the level of school attainment on economic growth. Furthermore, the empirical results from the FDI equation suggest that inflation, trade, school attainment, and telephone lines are the most determinant of location decisions for foreign investors. To explore the relationship between FDI and economic growth further, this paper examines Granger-causality between FDI and economic growth. Our empirical evidence shows that the direction of causality is from economic growth to FDI and not the reverse for Asian countries. Therefore, the causal link between FDI and economic growth is unidirectional. We also provide evidence that the link between FDI and economic growth is bidirectional for Latin American countries, which indicates that economic growth initially could attract more FDI, which, in turn, would then result in accelerated economic growth.     

Impact of foreign direct investment volatility on economic development in the Indian subcontinent

Using annual data over forty years from 1975 to 2014, this study investigates the gross domestic product (GDP) growth and the conditional volatility of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Indian subcontinent. The study reports the rising trends of both FDI and GDP and documents that the greater‐than‐expected FDI due to innovative shocks or policy innovations positively influences conditional volatility of FDI which, in turn, positively contributes to the economic growth/development. The conditional volatility used in the study is the variance derived from the diagnostically selected exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model. The study also reports the causality of both the FDI and its volatility across borders. More specifically, it reports bidirectional causality of FDI between India and Pakistan but unidirectional causality from Bangladesh to both India and Pakistan. It further documents that this volatility is persistent in all the economies and that it spillovers from both India and Pakistan to Bangladesh. The evidence attributes the economic development in the Indian subcontinent to the economic or policy innovations in attracting FDI. The findings of this study thus contribute to the literature by documenting the contrasting evidence that the volatility along with the trend of FDI contributes to the economic development and by reconciling the contrasting evidence.     

财政分权、经济增长与外贸依存度——基于1978-2007年我国改革开放30年数据的实证分析

根据我国1978-2007年的数据,运用协整、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应函数研究了我国财政分权、经济增长对外贸依存度的动态影响。研究发现:在长期内,财政分权会提高我国的外贸依存度,而短期内财政分权对外贸依存度的作用不显著;以人均GDP衡量的经济增长,在短期内可提高外贸依存度水平,而在长期中却会降低外贸依存度。分析表明,财政分权引致的地方政府为经济增长而产生的鼓励FDI和出口的激励,经济增长及其促成的FDI及贸易升级、产业结构调整、内需导向型经济增长模式,是财政分权、经济增长和外贸依存度之间动态关系产生的内在逻辑。     

经济发展水平对我国对外直接投资影响的实证研究

近30年来,我国经济一直保持较快的增长速度,我国不仅作为世界经济最具活力的地区而吸引了大量来自世界各地的投资,而且,正在成为新兴的以对外直接投资来参与世界经济的重要力量。通过运用格兰杰因果关系,对我国经济发展水平与我国对外直接投资间的关系进行了实证分析和检验,也进一步说明了我国的经济增长与对外直接投资具有明显的相关性,且经济增长成为推动我国对外直接投资的原因。     

我国利用外资与经济增长的实证分析

从我国利用外资与GDP增长率的相关性入手,对我国1986年以来利用外资的表现以及对经济增长的贡献进行了实证分析。结果表明:我国利用外资尤其外商直接投资对经济增长具有较强的促进作用,近几年来我国在利用外资质量方面存在着问题,外商直接投资仍有很大发展潜力。在此基础上进行了分析评价并提出了有关建议。     

我国固定资产投资与经济增长的实证分析

本文利用计量经济学方法,对我国1978-2003年的国内生产总值(GDP)及固定资产投资两时间序列数据进行了协整关系检验、误差修正模型(ECM)分析和Granger因果检验。结果表明:我国的固定资产投资对经济增长有很大的拉动作用,当年的固定资产投资增加1个百分点,国内生产总值约增加0.89个百分点;并且二者之间还存在着长期稳定关系和双向的因果关系。     

论出口、消费与产出增长

本文采用时间序列和面板数据,对二战后11个高速增长经济体的出口、消费和产出三个变量之间的因果关系进行计量检验。对单个经济体的时间序列数据进行三变量向量自回归估计后发现,这些经济体的三变量之间存在不同的因果关系,并没有一般性的规律;而将这些经济体在1978-1996年的三变量进行面板向量自回归并进行因果检验后的结果显示,存在显著的出口和产出之间的双向因果关系,以及消费和产出的双向因果关系。本文的分析结果表明,对于快速赶超的发展中经济体,经济增长应该注意维持内部和外部的平衡,既重视出口也重视消费对经济增长的拉动作用。