中国农村人口城乡迁移规模的实证分析

本文以托达罗城乡人口迁移经济行为模型为理论基础构建了计量经济学经验模型，对改革开放以来中国农村人口城乡迁移规模进行了实证分析，得到以下结论：第一，中国城乡实际收入差距扩大已显著地阻碍了农村人口向城镇的长期迁移。第二，城乡人口迁移规模的扩大并不是导致城镇失业增加的原因，而城镇失业却在一定程度上影响了农村人口的城乡迁移。第三，制度因素对农村人口城乡迁移规模的影响是复杂的，城乡人口迁移规模随着制度约束的减弱而逐年增加。     

江西农村小城镇建设实证研究

江西农村小城镇建设实证研究周凌荣，刘文峰一般而言，小城镇包含四个层次，即县城建制镇（简称县城镇）、非县城建制镇（简称建制镇）、乡治集镇及非乡治驻地集镇（简称小集镇）。这四种层次小城镇中，县城镇在可预见的将来大部分会升格为县级市，乡治集镇和小集镇主要特...     

区域农村水利保障能力的评价方法及实证研究

水利作为农村的经济命脉,不仅关系到”防洪安全、供水安全、粮食安全”,也是”经济安全、 生态安全、国家安全”的重要支撑,但农村水利基础设施建设滞后、水利管理机制弱化、农村水利供给不 足等问题相当突出,一定程度上制约了农村地区经济社会的发展,着力开展区域农村水利保障能力研究尤 为重要。为此,该文在构建了区域农村水利保障能力评价指标体系的基础上,利用层次分析法、极差变换 法和线性评价模型构建了区域农村水利保障能力综合评价方法,并以湖北省为例,选取2000～2010年各项 指标的基础数据对上述评价方法进行了实证检验。     

农村集体资产管理问题实证研究

农村集体资产管理问题实证研究胡继连董雪艳陈会英葛颜祥农村集体资产是一定范围内农民群众的集体财富,是壮大集体经济实力,发展农村集体福利事业的物质基础。管好用好农村集体资产,确保其保值增值,无论是目前还是今后,都具有重大意义。本文是关于农村集体资产管理问...     

广东省农村剩余劳动力转移的实证研究

历经27年改革开放实践，广东成为我国当前经济最发达的省份之一。伴随着经济快速发展的同时，大量农村剩余劳动力从完全依附于土地生产中被解脱出来，并参与到全省经济建设和社会发展之中。本文通过实证研究发现，目前广东仍然存在着一定数量的农村剩余劳动力，为此，文章在最后提出了相应的建议和措施。     

农村剩余劳动力转移的实证研究

农村剩余劳动力转移是指农村劳动力以增加收入、获得更好的职业和文明生活环境为目的 ,以地区之间、城乡之间和产业之间的收入差距为杠杆 ,随着产业结构、城乡结构、就业结构和收入结构的变迁而向非农部门配置劳动力资源的过程。既包括农村劳动力跨地区转移 ,又包括跨行业、跨产业的转移。农村劳动力转移的首要目的和主要动因就是要增加收入 ,改善生活。因此 ,以经济发展为依托 ,以劳动力市场为导向 ,合理配置劳动力资源 ,加快农村劳动力向二三产业及城镇的有效转移 ,是新世纪增加农民收入 ,提高城市化水平的战略性选择。本文以山东省临沂市…     

中国农村体制改革 30 年的历程

农村改革30年经历了四个阶段,获得了十大创造,其改革过程概括为五句话:解放思想-群众创造-专家总结-领导认可-政府规范.整个过程是解放思想、不断创新的过程.     

农村劳动力文化素质及其相关影响的实证分析

农村劳动力文化素质及其相关影响的实证分析陈万明人们预言，２１世纪的竞争，将主要是科技的竞争，归根结底是人力资源开发及其潜能充分发挥的竞争。中国作为一个人口大国，人力资源数量充足，但其质量却并不令人乐观，尤其是农村劳动力素质普遍较低。本文试图对中国农村...     

农村产权交易的制度建构——基于成都、武汉农村产权交易所的实证研究

作为农村产权交易"成都—武汉试验"的主要内容之一——农村产权交易所在运作过程中,面临着角色定位不清、农村产权范围界定不明,交易流程不规范等现实束缚,在未来发展中,必须明确农交所的法律定位,规范界定农村产权的主体和程序,为扩大交易范围,应促进农村产权流转制度的法律创新。     

农村集体资产管理的实证分析

农村集体资产管理是农村工作的一项重要内容。管好农村集体资产．对于壮大农村集体经济实力,改蘅农业生产条件,促进农村经济发展,增加农民收入,增强农村基层组织的凝聚力,保持农村社会稳定,都具有重大意义。本文通过实证分析洪泽县农村集体资产的运行状况,剖析农村集体资产管理中存在的问题及原因,试图寻求解决农村集体资产管理不管的对策措施。...     

关于中国渔业改革与发展三十年的对话

[编者按]2008年,是中国改革开放30周年,是中国渔业经济改革开放30周年.迈进历史的新节点,中国渔业发展的脚步仍未有半点迟缓.30年,半个甲子--一个应该稍作评价的时候.客观而理性地评价中国渔业经济的过去,有助于审慎而乐观地展望它的未来,使我们对未来中国渔业经济改革开放的方向和速度增添几分憧憬和把握.为此,经<中国渔业经济>编委会部分委员提议,本刊编辑部近日在北京召开了"改革开放三十年中国渔业回顾与展望座谈会",特邀本刊编委会部分编委及一些对此颇有兴趣的同仁参会研讨,主要围绕改革开放三十年中国渔业取得的成就及其原因进行座谈.     

An evolutionary approach to the study of rural tourism: The case of Tuscany

Rural tourism (RT) has moved into a more complex phase and today it is possible to point out different stages of development within European regions. In order to encompass the evolutionary processes of tourism development within rural areas, an evolutionary approach is proposed. If the attention moves from a static analysis of RT within a region, to the transition from a basic rural economy to a new economic specialisation, then the evolutionary economic geography (EEG) may be a useful framework. The EEG explains economical transitions as a shift from a historically predominant configuration to a new one, by the interplay of processes at three different levels: micro (local), meso (regional) and macro (European). The aim of this paper is to adapt the EEG approach to the study of RT. In this paper, the framework is applied to the case study of RT in Tuscany. We argue that in Tuscany the rural transition towards a tourism development was fostered by the weakness of the established rural configuration and its heritage of a large availability of empty buildings, which has been a primary input for tourism development. New trends at the macro-level fostered the transition towards RT, in particular the European funding for multifunctionality within agriculture and urban people seeking for natural life-style.     

湖南十年稻谷购价的回顾与思考

一、10年收购价格的特点(一)稻谷单价创历史新高．2004年，湖南省普通稻谷收购价格达到近10年也足建国以来的最高价位，依时点观之，省物价部门发布的每50公斤中等标准早籼稻、晚籼稻收购均价最高时分别为76．86元(3月下旬)、84．5715(4月上旬)。此价虽非收购旺季之价，但表明了2003年秋冬、     

Tourism-driven rural spatial restructuring in the metropolitan fringe: An empirical observation

Rural spatial restructuring is regarded as an important method of achieving rural revitalization in China in recent years. With the spillover of leisure consumption demand in metropolitan areas, the rural spatial structure has undergone significant changes. To analyze the causal logic of rural spatial restructuring, this study constructs a tourism-driven rural spatial restructuring framework. Furthermore, GIS and participatory fieldwork are used to reveal the changing process of rural spatial restructuring. A case study of Qinggangshu Village shows that tourism-driven rural spatial restructuring is the result of internal and external forces, while land consolidation is highlighted as a direct way to trigger rural spatial restructuring, and rural tourism can accelerate land consolidation, and realize rural revitalization. However, for those villages without any resource endowment, simple land consolidation cannot improve the rural economy in a short period. Moreover, once rural spatial restructuring is completed, the rural economy and social culture will also be restructured. The framework demonstration results will provide a “road map” to rural spatial restructuring in metropolitan fringe areas and serve as a practical information resource for policy-makers. The driving factors of rural spatial restructuring are diverse at different stages. Therefore, the government should adopt a gradual management model, and systematically mobilize all forces to participate in rural construction to realize the sustainable development of rural areas.     

Explaining public preferences for high voltage pylon designs: An empirical study of perceived fit in a rural landscape

In many countries, electricity transmission networks are being upgraded and developed arising from policies aiming to decarbonise energy systems. However, new power lines are often controversial, due to their perceived negative impacts on rural landscapes. Despite the fact that visual impacts are an important element of public objections, to date, little research has analysed public preferences for alternative pylon designs, as well as investigating the social and psychological factors that might explain such preferences. This paper sought to address this gap, informed by research on public acceptance of renewable energy technologies, using a survey conducted with a representative sample of UK adults (n = 1519). The findings indicate that the ‘T-pylon’ design, winner of a recent competition, was most strongly preferred and the one most perceived to fit with a rural landscape, by comparison to the conventional ‘A frame’ design and a ‘Totem’ design shortlisted in the competition. Linear regression analyses indicated three factors that explained perceived fit, regardless of the designs: lower levels of educational attainment, positive general attitudes towards transmission lines and higher levels of trust in National Grid were associated with positive perceptions of fit of the pylons in a rural landscape. Finally, findings concerning public support for diverse mitigation measures indicated that the use of alternative designs was less supported than burying new powerlines underground and routing pylons away from homes and schools. The implications of these results for more sustainable grid networks are discussed.     

Agricultural and rural development in China during the past four decades: an introduction

The past four decades have witnessed unprecedented economic growth and rapidly rising food demand in China. This paper provides an introduction to readers with useful information summarising the development of China’s agricultural sector and the transformation of its rural economy over the 40 years of economic reform. It is, however, impossible to cover all aspects of this recent and rich history in a single journal special issue. Nevertheless, we are of the view that these papers address the most fundamentally important and insightful topics including: land reform and rural development; technology progress and productivity growth; changing food consumption patterns; rural education and human capital accumulation; and poverty alleviation.     

福建省水产业二十年改革与发展

改革开放２０年来,福建省水产业有了突飞猛进的发展。主要经验：一是解放思想、开拓思路;二是改革渔业经济体制;三是实施科教兴渔;四是扩大国际交流与合作;五是加强法制建设     

乡村旅游发展与新农村建设互动关系初探

在叙述乡村旅游概念的基础上,对乡村旅游的发展和社会主义新农村建设的互动关系进行了研究,新农村建设是乡村旅游发展的重要依托,而乡村旅游发展又对新农村建设具有促进作用,二者之间是作用与反作用的互动关系;深入研究乡村旅游业与新农村建设的有关问题,对促进乡村旅游业的发展,推进新农村建设具有重要意义;为了保持二者之间的协调发展,提出了促进二者良性互动的建议。     

河北省近十年土地利用变化及驱动力研究

分析了河北省近10年土地利用的类型变化、数量变化、程度变化和区域变化;指出了当前河北省土地利用中存在的诸如耕地占补平衡在空间上不对称、平原地区林地减少、北部山区和平原地区未利用地增加等问题;得到了人口、经济发展、农业生产效益等影响河北省主要土地利用类型变化的社会经济驱动因子;给出了控制人口数量提高人口素质、制定和完善土地管理机制、发展经济和保护耕地并重、发展经济和保护环境并重等解决方案。     

The politics of swidden: A case study from Nghe An and Son La in Vietnam

Swidden cultivation practices have been seen as a major driver of deforestation and forest degradation in Southeast Asia. Using two case studies from Vietnam, this paper examines discourses around swidden practices at multiple levels of governance. Our findings show diverse interpretations of swidden resulting in different policy preferences and policy translations when addressing the issue. At national level, swidden is blamed as a principal driver of deforestation and forest degradation, and as such is a practice to be eliminated. As a result of this national stance, provincial level authorities see the existence of swidden as a failure by which their political performance will be judged. Conversely, swidden communities are seen at district level as an innovative solution to help resource-limited police forces ensure national security in border areas. Local commune and village leaders view swidden as a traditional practice to be respected, so as to maintain harmonious relationships amongst social groups, and avoid ethnic groups protesting against the government. Such differences in discourses and political interests have led to swidden becoming an ‘invisible’ issue, with government authorities failing to collect and report on data. Not recognizing swidden also means that swidden actors are practically ‘forgotten’ in the design and implementation of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES). Their omission from forest conservation and management incentive programmes could lead to further social marginalization, and potentially result in deforestation and forest degradation in the area. Our findings suggest that REDD+ policies should take into account diverging political interests on controversial land uses such as swidden cultivation.