论西部开发中的就业创造

就业创造是西部大开发中应关注的一个重要问题。本文分析了西部地区就业创造的主要困难 ,进而揭示出西部地区就业创造的基本思路 :即坚持发展是硬道理 ,鼓励创业 ,积极发展各类教育 ,增加人力资本 ,注重劳动密集型产业的发展 ,重视农业和农村发展 ,以及搞好民族地区的计划生育工作等八项措施 ,千方百计创造就业机会 ,降低高失业率。     

Institutional Endowments and the Lithuanian Holding as Innovative Network: A Problem of Institutional Compatibility in the Baltic Sea Area

Post-socialist Lithuania had an undeveloped banking, a weak network commitment, and a resilient nomenklatura. An evolutionary Crossroads game shows that this made the nomenklatura bank convention stronger than the capitalist bank convention. In the nomenklatura bank convention, rent-seeking behavior decreases network commitment and thereby the effect of network complexity, thus making learning-by-financing weaker. This created a problem of institutional compatibility of bank-industry networks in the Baltic Sea Area during Lithuania's first voucher stage of privatization that might be overcome by foreign direct investment initiated in her second hard currency stage.     

Basque versus Illyrian labor-managed firms: The problem of property rights

The property-rights structure of the “Basque” firm, directly derived from Mondragon industrial cooperatives, is discussed in this paper which focuses on two prominent characteristics: the “capital accounts” and the collective reserve fund. It is shown that the Basque firm, although it does not allow membership rights to be traded, is in a better position than the Illyrian firm to cope with problems of weak property rights, in particular the lack of personal commitment and incorrect incentives for both the admission of new members and investment.     

西部大开发中环境保护的博弈分析与对策建议

环境保护的有效性，在一个区域内主要取决于政府，企业和民众诸方博弈的力量比较及环境政策的调整程度，在西部大开发中，为更有效的培植良好的资源利用环境，应建立起合理，有效的政府调节与市场调节相结合的环境保护机制，本文试图通过污染治理的博弈分析。探寻在西部开发中环境保护与治理的制度保证。     

Policy Issues of China's Urban Unemployment

This article investigates causes and characteristics of urban layoff and unemployment. Chinese statistics show that the worsening urban unemployment problem is mainly caused by China's institutional changes, sectoral shifts, and cyclical fluctuations. Workers who are middle-aged, less educated, and female have experienced a higher risk of being laid off and unemployed. This article also discusses policy issues of China's urban layoff and unemployment. Supply-side policies include those that expand education, establish job-training programs, limit massive rural–urban migration in the short run, and rationalize labor force participation rate. Demand-side policies aim to create jobs, including policies such as promoting the service industry, attracting foreign investment, and developing the nonstate economy.     

投资驱动型产业政策、地方固定资产投资与农村人力资本积累——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析

基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2018年数据与笔者收集的数据,本文采用跨地区和出生队列的变异构造双重差分模型（Cohort DID）分析了地方政府投资驱动型产业政策对农村人力资本积累的影响。研究发现,2008年之后地方政府投资驱动型产业政策引致的大规模传统基础设施投资与农村适龄青年完成高中教育的可能性之间存在显著负相关关系。使用工具变量的检验结果表明,上述研究结论具有较强的稳健性。此外,本文还尝试性地探究了上述效应的作用机制：投资驱动型产业政策引致的传统基础设施投资大幅攀升,一方面增加了建筑业及相关低技能工作的机会,提升了投资教育的机会成本;另一方面带来了低技能劳动力工资的提升,导致了不同教育水平劳动力工资趋同、技能溢价下跌,降低了预期教育回报。本文的研究结论可以为“十四五”时期中国全面构建与创新驱动型经济发展模式相匹配的产业政策体系提供参考。     

Institutional Change and the Evolution of the World Leisure Industries

I explore the changing institutions of leisure and their dynamic relationship with the evolution of the world leisure industries through an analytical framework that incorporates the theory of institutional change of Paul Dale Bush and related evidence worldwide. I find a ceremonial-instrumental dichotomy in terms of the forces that enter the different phases of institutional change and the receptivity of the markets. Since the mid-twentieth century, the world leisure industries have rapidly advanced because they are not only interactively promoted by an increasing number of mass leisure institutions, but also due to technological advancements and industrial innovations. Indeed, the development paths of these industries in different countries are influenced by institutional factors, such as public interests, culture, and education, and their interactions and changes over time. Given that the paths may not be so straightforward, my findings show that Bush’s related works provide a synthetic framework which deserves further examination in the economics of leisure.     

Investment allocation: A comparison of the reform experiences of Hungary and Yugoslavia

Both Yugoslavia and Hungary, despite reform efforts, have continued to exhibit investment cycles. An analysis is presented of why the Yugoslav and Hungarian experiences have been so similar despite major institutional differences. An examination of three different capital allocation systems in Yugoslavia identifies both institutional and behavioral factors that undermine reform efforts and reproduce investment cycles not only in Yugoslavia, but also in Hungary and other socialist economies.     

Protectionist Lobbying and Strategic Investment

Why are some uncompetitive industry sectors so effective in lobbying for greater protection and support? This paper attempts to explain the lobbying success of these industries in terms of the strategic role of investment in technology as a credible commitment device. By eschewing potentially profitable investment opportunities firms credibly signal to the government that the cost of a tariff reduction will be substantial. This enables the firms to lobby more effectively for policy concessions. Political considerations may therefore provide a significant incentive for firms to reject investment in newer technologies, even when these lower production costs.     

State expenditure from a Marxist perspective

An overview of a Marxist approach to the theory of State expenditure is presented. This theory locates the problem of State expenditure in relation to the development of capitalism, without falling into reductionist or functionalist formulations. Military spending, education, and welfare and unemployment compensation are used as examples. The uneven development of capital and the growing problem of capitalist crisis offer an explanation of the recent growth of State expenditures in advanced capitalist countries. The neoclassical account of public spending overlooks links between State spending and capitalist production that the Marxist approach illuminates.     

Venture capital: Structure and incentives

Venture capital is a major source of financing for firms in their early stages of development. Such businesses, especially in the high technology industries, are characterized by a high degree of uncertainty and asymmetry of information. In this paper we analyze the relationship between a venture capital organization (“capitalist”) and the initial owner of an entrepreneurial entity in which it invests (“entrepreneur”). We focus on the agency problems and derive a compensation system. In our model the capitalist provides a combination of equity and debt financing while the owner provides equity financing which serves as a signal affecting the beliefs (“optimism”) of the capitalist. The interesting result is that since the capitalist is assumed to be more risk averse than the entrepreneur, he is made to be more optimistic than the entrepreneur at the optimum.     

异质性机构投资者差异化作用于双元创新投资吗——基于注意力基础观与市场迎合理论双重视角

基于2011-2020年沪深A股高新技术企业样本,探究公司治理框架下异质性机构投资者对企业双元创新投资的差异化作用机理,得出如下结论：①异质性机构投资者对于双元创新投资具有差异化影响,其中,专注型机构投资者更有利于双元创新投资;②专注型机构投资者影响决策者注意力资源配置,使其更注重探索性创新投资,临时型机构投资者基于市场迎合动机作用于开发性创新投资,且当管理层业绩和外部监管压力较大时,其对开发性创新投资的迎合动机更明显;③专注型机构投资者通过监督和激励管理层、提升企业风险承担水平作用于企业双元创新投资,临时型机构投资者通过丰富投资者情绪作用于开发性创新投资未得到验证;④产业政策有助于增强专注型机构投资者对决策者注意力的影响,使其更专注于探索性创新投资,同时也有助于提高临时型机构投资者的开发性创新迎合投资动机。研究结论为理解机构投资者差异化治理角色提供了一种新视角。     

Does FDI improve economic development in North African countries?

This article examines the relationship between FDI inflows and welfare improvement in North African countries. Using net per capita FDI inflows and the United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index as the principal variables, our analyses confirm the positive and strongly significant relationship between net FDI inflows and welfare improvement in North Africa, although we do find significant differences among the countries in the region. This relationship holds even after we control for government size, country indebtedness, macroeconomic instability, infrastructural development, institutional quality, political risk, openness to trade, education and financial market development. Hence, at the aggregate level, FDI contributes to economic growth in North Africa, in turn generating additional revenues for governments and populations in the region through fiscal policies and jobs creation. We also found that FDI received by countries in the region are mainly concentrated in very few industries (particularly extractive petroleum, services and tourism, construction and utilities); relatively fewer of these investments are directed towards the nonextractive primary industries, which are pro-poor sectors and highly labour intensive, or the manufacturing sector, with a high potential for spillover effects in the economy. This lack of diversification of FDI received in the region’s economies in part explains the differences observed in the link between FDI and welfare in these countries. It is therefore essential for governments in the region to continue investing in social infrastructures while improving the quality of their institutions and their governance; doing so will probably help avoid the type of unrest we have witnessed recently.     

政府研发补贴、制度环境与战略性新兴产业创新绩效

采用2000—2015年中国战略性新兴产业面板数据和门槛效应模型,实证考察了政府研发补贴、制度环境与创新绩效之间的关系.研究发现:制度环境在政府研发补贴和创新绩效之间具有显著的正向调节作用,产业规模、出口规模和资本投入对创新绩效具有正效应,产权性质具有负效应,技术引进的作用则并不显著;与中西部相比,东部地区的制度环境更为良好,政府研发补贴对创新绩效的促进作用更为显著;制度环境主要通过政府同市场关系等四个维度发挥调节作用.因此,充分认识到区域制度体系建设的重要性和紧迫性,推动政府研发补贴政策与制度环境建设在更高层次上的有效融合,对于战略性新兴产业创新发展具有重要意义.     

培育经济发展新动能的技术、产业、政策机理研究

伴随着国际、国内经济形势发生深刻变化，我国经济过去主要依靠投资、劳动力、自然资源投入的粗放型发展模式已经难以为继，急需培育促进经济实现高质量发展的新动能。现有成果主要围绕技术基础、产业载体及政策制度等培育经济发展新动能的丰富内涵和多样化模式展开，针对内在机理的探讨较少。从新兴技术对产业结构优化起基础支撑作用、新兴产业载体释放经济新动能、市场与政府相结合的政策制度助力经济高质量发展三大维度论述基本原理，系统梳理新兴技术聚合迸发新动能、传统产业升级培育新动能以及政策制度创新生成新动能3种主要模式。最后，提出以推动技术引领发展、促进产业调整升级和出台政策“靶向支撑”为核心的“创新链-产业链-政策链”对策建议。     

我国高技术产业投资环境研究与评价

高技术产业在我国各个省、自治区、直辖市之间的发展极不平衡,其差距远远超出了各地区经济发展水平之间的差距.本文在对我国各地区高技术产业的发展水平进行聚类分析的基础上,吸收已有的投资环境研究成果,并依据高技术产业的特点,对高技术产业投资环境的影响指标进行了筛选,并进一步对各地区的高技术产业投资环境做出了评价.     

技术势力、市场势力与战略性新兴产业高端化发展研究

战略性新兴产业发展潜力大,引领作用强。为了抢占未来科技和经济发展的制高点,我国正在大力培育新兴产业。目前,我国战略性新兴产业呈现高端产业、低端制造的特征。如何避免我国刚起步的战略性新兴产业像传统产业一样陷入低端化发展困境,这是理论界和实践界关心的热点,产业高端化是产业势力提升的过程,战略新兴产业高端化必须培育和提升产业势力。为此,对技术势力、市场势力的内涵及形成,以及技术势力、市场势力与产业高端化三者之间的互动关系进行了研究,提出了培育技术势力和市场势力的相关建议。     

物流与配送在中国的发展探悉

经过二十年的改革开放和经济的持续快速发展,我国目前已初步具备了发展物流管理和配送技术的经济环境和市场条件。为了促进物流和配送事业的发展,需要政府作出更积极的努力,为物流和配送的发展创造更加良好的外部环境；在物流和配送领域加快对外开放的步伐；在物流与配送技术、教育、管理咨询等领域加强与国际物流领域的联系和合作。     

美国重振制造业及其对我国的启示

制造业是美国经济保持繁荣的重要力量,经历了起起伏伏的发展历程,20世纪80年代以来实行的"去工业化"发展道路,削弱了美国制造业竞争力。金融危机之后,美国通过一系列法案以刺激制造业发展,兴建制造业创新研究中心,希望以高新技术改造传统制造业,增加就业,推动美国经济走上可持续增长的繁荣之路。通过分析金融危机以来美国和旧金山湾区为重振制造业采取的各项措施和当前形势,对我国制造业发展提出以下建议:面向内需及亚洲市场,继续保持传统制造业的优势;加大先进制造领域投入,创建国家制造业创新中心;跟踪研究页岩气开采工艺和技术,谨慎大规模开发。     

History,Space and Nature: Building Theory from the Exception

Uneven Development endeavours to derive a theory of uneven geographical development by putting in motion a ‘historical dialogue’ between Marx's critical theorisation of capitalism and the geograhical reality of capitalism at the close of the twentieth century, and by theorising the relations between material nature and the spatial dynamics of capitalist accumulation. The result, however, is a theory of uneven development predicated on a logical rather than a historical conception of capitalism, which furthermore supersedes the question of the production of nature in conceptualising the spatial dynamics of (contemporary) capitalism. This article argues for a re-theorisation of uneven geographical development that considers the production of nature, namely extractive industry, as a point of departure in theorising the spatial dynamics of contemporary capitalist accumulation, focusing briefly on the concentration and centralisation of capital.