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1.
In the present study we conduct constant market share analysis of the imports and apparent consumption of the manufacturing industries of four major economies‐Korea, Japan, Taiwan and the USA. Additionally, the current study disaggregates import penetration in manufacturing, including sectors with relatively high technological requirements. Statistical tests of the significance of changes in import penetration in manufacturing industries are also conducted. The real growth of exports and apparent consumption in the two largest OECD markets is decomposed into: (i) the commodity composition effect; and (ii) the competitiveness effect. Finally, we examine the significance of trade policy for changes in import penetration in Japan and the USA. 相似文献
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汇率变动、市场份额与中国纺织品服装出口竞争力 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
本文选取中国纺织品服装出口的主要海外市场——美国作为研究范围,将韩国、印度和巴基斯坦分别作为中国棉纱、棉机织物和服装成衣类纺织品出口的主要竞争对手,探讨在人民币实际有效汇率波动和贸易争端引起的市场份额不稳定的情况下,以上三类产品国际竞争力的不同表现及人民币实际有效汇率波动对中国以上三类产品价格的传递系数。研究结果显示:汇率变动对服装类和棉纱类出口价格影响具有完全传递性。导致汇率波动的压力直接传递到出口产品价格上;中国相对较高的市场份额对产品价格的积极影响力并不太大,而贸易争端导致的市场份额不稳定对以上三类纺织品的国际竞争力造成了不同程度的影响。 相似文献
3.
Bienvenido Cortes 《Asian Economic Journal》1994,8(3):275-284
Numerous studies by Schumpeter (1950), Comanor (1965, 1967), Mansfield (1988), and Scherer (1992), among others, have identified and analysed various causes and motivations for firms'innovative activity including firm size, profitability, market concentration, 'returns'to R and D investment, and interfirm rivalry.1 Recent international trade studies indicate that comparative advantage results partly from investment in R and D.
According to Takenaka (1991), R and D activity in Japan is primarily led by the private sector, it is becoming more capital-intensive, and has a higher marginal profitability. He also argues that despite the strong relationship between R-and-D-intensive industries and technology imports (which fuels the criticism that Japan 'freeloads'on the R and D activity of other countries), basic research as a percentage of R and D spending is higher in Japan than in the US. Mansfield states, however, that Japanese basic research has not been productive and that much of Japan's success is due to its 'applied R and D'. Another important difference, Mansfield points out, is that R and D spending is more positively related to firm size in Japan than in the US.2
This paper analyses the determinants of R and D spending in Japan. In particular, it looks at the relationships between R and D activity and factors such as firm size, profitability and the degree of competition or rivalry in the market. The study uses cross-sectional data for a number of major industries in Japan. 相似文献
According to Takenaka (1991), R and D activity in Japan is primarily led by the private sector, it is becoming more capital-intensive, and has a higher marginal profitability. He also argues that despite the strong relationship between R-and-D-intensive industries and technology imports (which fuels the criticism that Japan 'freeloads'on the R and D activity of other countries), basic research as a percentage of R and D spending is higher in Japan than in the US. Mansfield states, however, that Japanese basic research has not been productive and that much of Japan's success is due to its 'applied R and D'. Another important difference, Mansfield points out, is that R and D spending is more positively related to firm size in Japan than in the US.
This paper analyses the determinants of R and D spending in Japan. In particular, it looks at the relationships between R and D activity and factors such as firm size, profitability and the degree of competition or rivalry in the market. The study uses cross-sectional data for a number of major industries in Japan. 相似文献
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市场竞争、产业集中与产业绩效研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
市场竞争促进了产业集中和绩效的同步改善。我国市场经济体制建设和已经发挥的作用表明,对于我国很多控制严格、具有垄断性质的行业,改善绩效的主要方法不应当是通过行政手段提高集中程度,而应是加快这些行业的市场化改革和产权改革。市场条件下的产业集中是产业绩效改善的前提条件,而我国产业集中面临着来自地方政府追求自身利益最大化的阻碍。加快市场经济体制的建设仍是我国经济建设的主要任务。 相似文献
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中国银行业的市场结构与银行绩效关系研究——基于33家商业银行面板数据的实证检验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
以33家商业银行1997—2004年的数据为研究对象,以赫芬达尔指数作为衡量市场结构指标,本文对中国银行业市场结构与银行绩效关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,市场集中度降低对四大国有商业银行盈利能力没有产生显著性影响,但削弱了其他股份制商业银行和城市商业银行的盈利能力。市场集中度与所有银行净利息边际存在显著的负相关关系,不能跨地域经营的城市商业银行净利息边际显著低于其他商业银行。因此应该适度放开城市商业银行经营的地城限制。并防止过度竞争。 相似文献
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This study analyses public attitudes towards the degree of government involvement in ensuring the livelihood and care of the elderly in Japan. Using four waves of individual-level annual data from the Japanese General Social Survey collected over the period 2000-2005, we estimate ordered logit models with various explanatory variables based on the socio-demographic, economic, political, and social background of the respondents. Many significant factors are common for both livelihood and care specifications, their effects being qualitatively the same and in line with our prior expectations. The estimation results also show positive coefficients of year intercept dummies, implying an increase in support of a government-based system over time. Further investigation shows that this trend is caused by those who favour government redistribution policies becoming increasingly more consistent in their support for a government-based social security system in Japan. 相似文献
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市场经济条件下市场失灵与政府宏观规制创新研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
市场经济并不是完美的经济形式,市场失灵是世界各国在发展市场经济进程中普遍存在的经济现象。从理念、机制、体制等方面创新政府宏观调控规制是弥补市场失灵的有效工具。 相似文献
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我国证券市场经过近10年的发展,逐步走上了健康发展的轨道,而在证券市场发展初期由于历史原因所形成的具有中国特色的股权结构已经逐步成为阻碍证券市场发展的瓶颈.而如何解决国有股、法人股流通问题一直是困扰管理层多年的主要问题.目前管理层已经明确表示,已上市公司的国有股将开始逐步减持.国有股减持通过二级市场流通变现是实实在在的股票供给增加,需要大量资金承接,如果动态的增量资金无法继续,则会对二级市场构成压力.为此我们应积极创新,吸引外资进入A股市场,以缓解国有股减持给二级市场带来的压力. 相似文献
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我国电信行业经过2000年和2002年的两次大调整,目前已经形成了电信、网通、移动、联通、铁通和卫通六家业务运营商并存竞争的局面。从原先中国邮电一家独大的高度集中垄断发展到各种业务分开经营的多家寡头垄断竞争,可以说,我国电信业务运营市场的竞争程度在逐步提高。本文选取2000-2003年我国各家电信业务运营商的业务收入总额作为研究对象,分析在这四个年份我国电信运营市场的市场集中度,并从中观察我国电信市场的竞争程度。 相似文献
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中日一次能源消耗的碳排放及影响因素对比分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中国和日本是一次能源消费大国,煤、石油和天然气消费比例较高,温室气体排放量较大。受国内能源强度、能源消费结构以及能源效率水平等因素的影响,日本国内碳减排成本远高于我国。《京都议定书》规定的国际碳减排机制为日本实现温室气体境外低成本减排提供了平台,也为我国带来了项目融资和引进环境技术的新机遇。但是,中日清洁发展机制环境合作的实践表明,国际碳减排机制对日本等发达国家实现碳减排目标的贡献较大,而对我国碳排放量的控制贡献较小。我国要想从根本上改善能源消费结构、实现碳减排,必须走低碳经济的发展道路。 相似文献
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外商直接投资与中国汽车行业市场集中度:实证研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
本文以实证的方法研究了外商直接投资(FDI)与中国汽车行业市场集中度的关系。结果表明,外商直接投资在一定程度上促进了中国汽车行业集中度的提高,提高了汽车行业集中度的进入壁垒。另外,根据汽车行业集中度与汽车进口数量及汽车企业数变化之间存在不显著的低等程度负相关关系表明,中国汽车行业竞争很不充分。 相似文献
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作为社会保障体系建设的重要补充部分,近几年来商业健康保险在中国有了较大的发展。本研究显示家庭生命周期、教育、家庭收入、社会保险是当前影响健康保险需求的最重要原因,而性别、个人收入对健康保险消费的并影响不大,逆向选择现象也不明显。本研究也发现,不同收入群体对健康保险的需求有着不同的态度,其决定因素也有着较大的差别。本研究还发现,商业健康保险已在社会保障体系中发挥着重要的补充作用。 相似文献
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集中度是衡量市场结构最普遍的指标,又是构成市场结构的主要因素,通过影响市场行为,进而影响市场绩效。产业集中度水平及其变化的决定因素一直是产业经济学研究的重要内容。钢铁产业集中度是当前以及将来钢铁产业所要重点研究的问题之一。本文将产业组织理论与现代计量经济方法相结合,对影响我国钢铁产业市场集中度的因素进行了实证分析。确立自变量与因变量产业集中度的数量关系。 相似文献
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将监管政策是否有效的期限划分为短、中、长期,选取了维持股票市场稳定发展、国有股减持、《国务院关于推进资本市场改革开放和稳定发展的若干意见》、完善新股发行制度、股权分置改革、大小非减持以及股指期货推出等政策,分析管理层颁布政策的意图与投资者如何理解相关政策,并结合股票指数的波动的研究表明:股票指数的波动与政策的意图存在一定的偏差,重要原因是相关监管政策颁布的时机选择存在问题。 相似文献
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Using a VAR model that includes survey data on households’ inflation expectations for Japan and the US, we investigate their determinants and influences on the economy and compare their properties in two countries. Short-term non-recursive restrictions are imposed taking account of simultaneous co-dependence between realized and expected inflation. We find that responding to changes in exogenous prices and to monetary policy shocks, inflation expectations adjust more quickly than does realized inflation. Compared with Japan, the effects of exogenous prices on inflation and inflation expectations in the US are not only large but also long lasting and shocks to expectations have self-fulfilling effects on inflation. 相似文献
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19世纪末20世纪初,美国制造业市场结构由分散竞争走向寡头垄断。此后,寡头垄断市场结构一直居主导地位。20世纪90年代以后,美国制造业市场结构又出现了新的集中趋势。市场竞争和政府反垄断政策是影响美国制造业市场集中的两大基本力量。经济全球化、企业兼并和技术创新等也是影响和推动美国制造业市场结构变化的重要因素。 相似文献
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股权分置改革:现状、问题与建议 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对由于历史的原因所形成的我国上市公司的股权分置进行改革就是要清除国有股、法人股流通屏障,赋予其流通权。股权分置改革是我国证券市场的深刻革命,是国有企业体制改革的深化与延伸。本文就我国目前股改的形势,股权分置改革的性质、意义及影响进行分析,并提出了完善股改的十项政策建议。 相似文献