企业金融资产配置与融资约束的缓解机制:基于流动性管理的分析

企业进行金融资产配置,一方面能够为企业提供流动性,缓解融资约束;另一方面也因投机动机而占用企业流动性资源,加剧融资约束,对实体投资造成挤压。这是形成企业金融化的"投资挤出效应"和"蓄水池效应"两种现象并存的内在机制。为衡量这种内在机制,本文使用2007—2018年我国上市公司样本,对金融资产配置的流动性管理效应展开分析。结果显示:非金融企业的金融收益会推动超额现金的持有,通过超额现金的中介效应引致了融资约束程度的缓解;而企业持有金融资产行为则产生相反的效应。进一步研究发现,在典型的公司治理机制中,无论是外部股东的投票机制,还是来自内部的代理成本与高管持股机制,都在一定程度上推动了金融资产配置产生的流动性效应。     

Asset Revaluations in the Accounts of UK National Health Service Trusts

This paper reports the results of an investigation into the impact of the revaluation of fixed assets on the reported results of NHS ambulance services. It recalculates the accounting rate of return of individual trusts after removing revaluation adjustments and examines the published responses of trusts. The numerical analysis demonstrates that, in general, revaluation has depressed the stated rate of return in an inconsistent manner. Failure to meet the required rate of return may cause a trust to be subjected to additional monitoring and management reorganisation while the trusts respond by explaining deviations in the accounting return measure by referring to revaluations and other technical adjustments. Management decisions made in response to these accounting measures may be sub-optimal in delivering health care but appropriate in achieving the desired accounting outcome.     

Asset Revaluations and the Mitigation of Underinvestment

Asset write-ups or revaluations are a common feature of Australian accounting and reporting practice. This paper adopts the perspective that efficiency rather than opportunism is the reason for revaluations. It argues asset revaluations are a low-cost mechanism for mitigating underinvestment problems induced by the presence of risky debt and exacerbated by the manner in which conventional borrowing limitations are written. It is hypothesized that revaluation should be positively related to the presence of growth opportunities, financial leverage and the presence of borrowing limitations; and negatively related to a firm's ability to finance growth internally. The empirical results generally support the hypothesized relationships.     

Asset Revaluations and Assessment of Borrowing Capacity

Prior research has found support for contracting, political cost and information asymmetry explanations for managements’ decision to revalue non-current assets. This study proposes that asset revaluations occur to signal available borrowing capacity via an increase in collateral values at the time of increases in secured debt and that the economic benefits associated with an asset revaluation will be greatest for firms when they are experiencing times of declining cash flows from operations. Results imply that firms that have undertaken an asset revaluation are more likely to be experiencing declining cash flows from operations than firms that have not revalued. This study also investigates whether the incidence of valuations coincides with increases in levels of secured borrowings due to lenders’ demands for current values of assets offered as collateral. The evidence indicates that firms are more likely to record an asset revaluation if they have increased their secured borrowings, and that most non-year-end revaluations emanate directly from contracting with lenders.     

Determinants of the Method of Payment in Asset Sell‐Off Transactions

Using a sample of asset sell‐off transactions from January 1990 to April 2010, we find that the method of payment used in asset sell‐off transactions is associated with several characteristics cited in the acquisitions research that reflect cash constraints of the bidder. Specifically, bidders facing more stringent cash constraints are more likely to use equity when purchasing assets, while sellers subjected to cash constraints prefer cash when selling assets. Second, we find that the variation in method of payment among asset sell‐off transactions also is partially explained by variables representing asymmetric information. Third, we apply our model to an expanded sample that includes non‐U.S. sellers of assets and find that an equity payment is more likely when sellers are based in countries that have relatively high country risk (more government restrictions), weak shareholder rights, and a weak legal system. Thus, it appears that bidders prefer that sellers share in the risk of the transaction under these conditions.     

公司治理对上市公司估值的影响分析

本文在分析公司治理机制的基础上,将影响公司治理的各个因素进行量化,通过构建上市公司估值模型,对公司治理影响估值进行实证分析.本文的结论是,公司治理对上市公司估值的影响很大;治理结构完善的公司,其估值水平相对较高,反之亦反之.     

资产价格泡沫与虚拟经济发展及影响分析

本文认为，由于货币进入或退出虚拟经济领域会引起整个经济体内货币数量的重新分配，虚拟经济部门开始起着调节货币流的功能。因此，虚拟资产价格的暴涨和暴跌都会对实体经济中的货币数量造成重大影响。本文就虚拟经济对经济增长、就业和居民持有资产结构变化等三个关系指标，分析了我国虚拟经济发展状况及其对我国经济生活的实际影响，指出虚拟经济的发展和运行情况不但与企业、居民的经济生活息息相关，而且也是政策制定者不可忽视的领域。     

国有控股上市公司MBO的绩效变动成因分析

本文以16家国有控股上市公司为样本，研究MBO对公司绩效的影响。研究发现，MBO对经营性现金流产生了积极的正向作用，但对其余财务指标的影响并不显著。本文认为，导致MBO对公司绩效影响不显著的主要原因是，资本市场基础性制度缺陷诱使管理层追求“制度性套利空间”的动因强化，MB0部分收购模式的固有缺陷引发管理层“内部人控制”问题恶化，以及MBO制度约束导致管理层行为扭曲。     

The Asset Price Theory of Shareholder Revaluations: Tests with the Tax Reforms of the 1980s

A tax reform providing incentives for fixed investment may increase shareholder wealth because after-tax cash flows on planned investment increase. Alternatively, shareholder wealth may decline because existing assets receive disadvantageous tax treatment relative to new ones and equities are largely claims on existing assets. This study tests the alternative hypothesis by predicting in a simulation model the revaluation of existing assets resulting from the 1981 and 1986 tax acts and then by comparing the predictions to stock returns data. The results reject the hypothesis that cumulative excess returns accruing because of tax reform equal the revaluation on existing assets.     

资产定价:理论演进及应用研究

资产定价理论是现代金融理论的核心.本文通过对资产定价理论的综述,揭示了从传统资产定价理论到行为资产定价理论的演进脉络,并对各理论及相应模型的内涵和应用进行了描述,最后对传统资产定价理论和行为资产定价理论进行了比较,以期对我国金融理论和实践的发展有所帮助.     

企业年金资产负债匹配管理研究

本文引入一个久期匹配、凸性匹配和现金流匹配的模型,以研究资产负债管理中的利率免疫策略,计算了中国国债的Fisher-Weil久期和凸性。主要结论和启示如下:如果债券到期日过长,Fisher-Weil久期和Macaulay久期之间会存在显著差异。与企业年金的负债久期相比,大多数中国国债的资产久期较短。     

中国信贷资产证券化市场发展现状及展望

中国信贷资产证券化仍处于以零星个案、小规模试点为主的初级阶段。审慎和重在规范的发展路径既推动了信贷资产证券化实践,又尚存诸如与上位法不统一、规则制定权限错配、发行难度和成本增大、一级市场销售不畅、二级市场流动性严重不足等负面效应,制约着信贷资产证券化深入发展。2008年以来,受美国金融危机以及国内宏观调控变化的影响,资产证券化发行环境不利,亟待获得政策层面的持续鼓励和支持。国内商业银行应找准切入点,积极探索业务品种,更好地做好证券化产品的资产储备和发行准备工作。     

机构投资者股权对银行公司治理与绩效的影响

在机构投资者对银行进行投资时,不同类型的机构投资者具有不同的表现.其中,QFII、证券公司、社保和保险基金都能影响银行的公司治理,促进其综合业绩的提高;证券投资基金和企业不能对这两个方面产生显著影响.在选择银行股时,证券投资基金注重银行过去综合业绩的表现,企业、社保基金和保险基金注重银行过去市场价值的增长,QFII和证券公司同时考虑了这两个方面.实行银行股权全流通,放松时机构投资者的管制,改革证券交易方面的税收制度,培养机构投资者的投资理念,有利于发挥机构投资者对银行公司治理的积极作用.     

新会计准则对深市主板公司的影响分析

文章以新会计准则的变化为切入点，分析了新会计准则对2006年度深市主板公司的具体影响。统计发现，按新会计准则要求进行追溯调整导致的净资产增幅为0.6％，总体影响不大。新准则对公司未来财务状况、经营成果的影响是全方位的，但具体影响程度需依2007年各公司具体业务情况而定。文章最后针对新旧准则衔接过程中出现的问题提出了应对措施。     

The Timing of Asset Sales: Evidence of Earnings Management?

This paper presents empirical evidence from a sample of publicly traded Singaporean firms on the question: to what extent do firms manage earnings through the timing of asset sales? Previous studies have focused on accounting motives behind asset sales, ignoring the need to also consider economic motives. Some empirical evidence is provided to support the hypothesis that managers of firms with decreasing net earnings–per–share smooth earnings upwards using asset sales.     

资产注入：支付手段与市场反应

本文以股改后我国上市公司控股股东对上市公司资产注入事件为样本，运用市场模型检验不同支付手段资产注入的市场反应。研究发现，在控制注入资产的规模、注入前上市公司流通市值的大小、注入前机构投资者持有公司股票的比例等因素影响的情况下，市场对采用股权作为支付手段的资产注入反应强烈；投资者对资产注入方案已经具备较强的辨别能力。本文据此提出了有关政策建议。     

信贷扩张、资产价格上涨与调控政策选择

本文首先从理论上考察信贷与资产价格之间的关系,利用Allen和Gale的资产价格泡沫模型,并根据我国实际情况,通过放松假设条件说明信贷扩张是资产价格上涨的重要原因,资产供给、信贷政策、银行信贷管理能力会影响资产价格的上涨。通过对我国经济的实证研究发现,我国的信贷与资产价格之间存在相关关系,最后指出从资产供给、信贷政策、银行信贷管理等方面入手制定政策抑制资产价格的进一步上涨。     

我国上市公司债权人治理弱化及其对策

我国公司治理准则的指导思想是利益相关者共同治理,它涉及股东、债权人、顾客、供应两等共同治理。但我国债权人作为公司外部治理的主要力量并没有发挥其应有的作用,特别是银行在公司治理中的作用非常有限。为此,重点研究我国上市公司债权人治理的现状,以及治理弱化的原因,并对完善上市公司债权人治理提出若干建议。     

基于金融发展谈我国资产证券化

出于融资的需求,资产证券化登上历史舞台。可用于证券化的资产包括信贷资产、不动产和知识产权等。资产证券化注重对资产信用价值的利用,促进了资产价值的流动,实现了资产价值最大化。在资产支持证券的流转过程中,传统法律规则多处被突破。资产证券化体现了现代商法的特征。资产证券化在我国起步较晚,我国应加快资产证券化的立法进程。次贷危机虽使资产证券化受到质疑,但如果选择优等资产予以证券化,就可以最大限度地避免证券化中的风险。