基于未确知测度的创业企业知识创新风险评价研究

以创业企业知识创新风险评价为研究对象,对创业企业知识创新系统进行分析,从创业企业知识投入、知识转化、知识产出和知识外溢角度构建知识创新风险评价指标体系,进而引入未确知测度模型,对创业企业知识创新风险进行评价,最后通过实例验证未确知测度模型在创业企业知识创新风险评价中的可行性,评价结果可靠。本研究拓宽了未确知数学的应用领域,创造性地将未确知测度模型引入到创业企业知识创新风险评价中,为创业企业有效的知识创新管理提供了依据。     

提高企业内创业能力的知识管理系统设计

内创业是依附于组织，在组织内部开展的创业活动，具有见效快、成功率高等优点。内创业已经成为提高企业、地区竞争力的一个主要途径。从知识管理角度出发，提出知识管理系统的模型，以提高企业内创业的效率。     

创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别

创业活动是创新、就业和经济增长的重要来源。企业家通过持续探索创造新业务,促进社会和经济的发展和繁荣。本文基于资源基础理论和知识基础理论,以大众创业浪潮为研究背景,深入揭示创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别之间的关系,并以中国246份创业新企业为样本进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：创业导向对新企业的机会识别和外部知识获取均具有积极影响;外部知识获取在创业导向和新企业的机会识别之间起到部分中介作用;此外,市场知识获取比技术知识获取对创业机会识别的影响更为突出。     

组织文化对组织内部知识共享的影响

组织文化是影响组织内部知识共享的最为重要的因素之一,本文从知识传播者和知识接收者的角度出发,研究组织文化对组织内部知识共享的影响,并提出建立有利于组织内部知识共享的共享型、信任型和学习型组织文化。     

知识创业的价值与特征

知识经济时代,知识创新创业已成为经济和社会发展的主导力量。本文初步探讨了知识创业为人类社会带来的经济价值和社会价值,并通过对知识型创业企业的调查分析,概述了他们在创业中所表现出的鲜明特征:依靠知识、技术创新;短期内快速增长;创造新的行业和市场等。     

创业、知识溢出与区域经济增长差异———基于中国３０个省市区面板数据的实证分析

本文根据２００３～２０１１年３０个省市区的面板数据,实证研究了创业高度活跃、一般活跃及不活跃三个区域内不同创业类型和知识溢出水平对经济增长产生的不同绩效,为解释区域间经济发展的不均衡提供了新视角,并为不同区域制定和实施创业及研发等公共政策提供了理论依据。从全国来看,私营企业创业对经济发展影响不显著,个体户式的生存型创业影响显著为负,研发支出和技术市场成交额的增加对经济有积极作用。在创业高度活跃的区域,私营企业创业与经济发展显著正相关,这与该区域较高水平的知识生产能力和知识溢出效应及机会型创业的高比重密切相关。创业一般活跃区域的经济增长主要依赖投资及在位大企业内的研发活动,私营企业创业对经济作用不显著,区域内知识溢出效应和机会型创业比重较低,并缺乏有利于创业的制度环境。创业不活跃区域经济发展的主要动力来源于固定资产投资和对技术的引进学习。创业活动主要由低能力创业者所控制,且多为个体或非正式家族企业形式,对经济发展有一定的阻碍和破坏作用。     

5．2是否做到知识共享？

充分的沟通是知识生成和价值创造的基础,在公司总部与创业团队之间建立起好的信息沟通系统,是保证公司放心给予创业团队足够的权利开展新业务的有效手段。同时,在创业团队内部建立起良好的信息、知识共享机制同样重要。为了找到成功的组织设计方案,单单依靠有才华的经理们的企业家魄力还不够,以专业知识为基础的战略是确保公司成功的另一个必要条件。     

创业、知识溢出与区域经济增长差异——基于中国30个省市区面板数据的实证分析

本文根据2003~2011年30个省市区的面板数据,实证研究了创业高度活跃、一般活跃及不活跃三个区域内不同创业类型和知识溢出水平对经济增长产生的不同绩效,为解释区域间经济发展的不均衡提供了新视角,并为不同区域制定和实施创业及研发等公共政策提供了理论依据。从全国来看,私营企业创业对经济发展影响不显著,个体户式的生存型创业影响显著为负,研发支出和技术市场成交额的增加对经济有积极作用。在创业高度活跃的区域,私营企业创业与经济发展显著正相关,这与该区域较高水平的知识生产能力和知识溢出效应及机会型创业的高比重密切相关。创业一般活跃区域的经济增长主要依赖投资及在位大企业内的研发活动,私营企业创业对经济作用不显著,区域内知识溢出效应和机会型创业比重较低,并缺乏有利于创业的制度环境。创业不活跃区域经济发展的主要动力来源于固定资产投资和对技术的引进学习。创业活动主要由低能力创业者所控制,且多为个体或非正式家族企业形式,对经济发展有一定的阻碍和破坏作用。     

组织遗忘与知识刚性：创业导向和环境动态性的调节效应

企业发展过程中总是面临着知识刚性现象,但是对如何克服知识刚性,现有研究关注甚少。为此,本文以中国东部沿海地区的187家高技术企业为研究样本,从组织遗忘视角来研究知识刚性的克服问题,并进一步分析了创业导向和环境动态性在其中所发挥的作用。研究发现：组织遗忘有助于克服知识刚性,其对知识刚性的两个维度（学习刚性和经验刚性）都具有负向效应;环境动态性越高、创业导向越强,组织遗忘对知识刚性的克服效应越好。该研究探究了组织遗忘对知识刚性的克服机制,丰富和拓展了知识刚性克服的相关研究,对企业管理决策具有一定的指导意义。     

知识密集型企业内部知识共享模型研究

根据知识密集型企业内部知识的本体特征,分别从业务流程、人力资源培训、非正式学习三个维度对知识共享进行了研究,论述了企业在各个维度的知识共享实践活动及其障碍、过程、意义,最终提出了知识密集型企业内部知识共享模型。     

Innovation in service internationalization: the crucial role of the frantrepreneur

This paper introduces the concept of a new entrepreneurial role in services that we call the frantrepreneur. This is based on two case studies of the internationalization of two US franchisors, one in temporary services (Sweden) and the other in computer training (Australia). The frantrepreneur is defined as a franchisee who innovates by adapting a standard service concept to meet local conditions. This role is a further refinement of a series of earlier concepts concerning entrepreneurship roles such as the intrapreneur. This paper provides an indepth evaluation of the roles adopted by the frantrepreneurs and how they changed the original service concept. They did not passively accept the standard service concept and they developed an unusual partnership role with their franchisors with a two-way influence over the business. Although the innovations of frantrepreneurs were mostly in the form of small and incremental changes they standardized their developments to facilitate further adoption. The frantrepreneurs appear to play an important role in smoothing the adaptation and adoption of innovation in the internationalization of a franchise operation.     

Intuition and rationality in intrapreneurship and innovation outputs: The case of health professionals in primary health care

The aim of this article is to explore the role of cognitive styles and intrapreneurship in health professionals’ innovation outputs, as well the mediated effect of intrapreneurship between cognitive styles and innovation output. This study used the survey method of data collection, through a self-administered questionnaire. Partial least square structural equation modelling method was used to analyse the result of the sample of 209 professionals of primary health care providers in Northern Portugal. Our findings reveal that cognitive style plays a significant role in intrapreneurship and innovation outputs, which are mediated by intrapreneurship. In particular, health care professionals with the rational cognitive style are likely to be more of a intrapreneur and innovative as compared to those with a intuitive cognitive style. Promoting intrapreneurship is crucial for successful innovation outputs. This study reveals that an understanding of the cognitive style of the health care professionals can help managers allocate appropriate individuals to different healthcare tasks. Our primary contribution to theory has been to highlight the importance of cognitive styles in intrapreneurship and innovation within the context of primary health care organizations.

     

On the way to creativity: Engineers as intrapreneurs in organizations

Organizations often hide creativity and talent. This paper describes how to make engineers active in the field of intrapreneurship within large firms where they often are employed in R&D. This development is seen, in Europe at least, most desirable by the companies today. Technology has an extensive impact on the society and economy nowadays, and it is important to study how technological innovations appear and who is behind them. Entrepreneurship and organizational intrapreneurship are, in many cases, the basis of technological innovations and firm renewal. Engineers are the company's special professional workforce that has the role to produce and develop innovations. Since the world of high-tech companies needs the cooperation of many experts, engineers must be able to cooperate well with other fields of expertise such as marketing, research and development as well as external suppliers and service providers. Also, innovations today often ask not only for unique technical knowledge but also social knowledge to make these innovations meaningful. In this sense, social innovation parallels technical innovation. Thus, in this paper we explore the origins of the intrapreneurship capacity in engineering settings of hightech firms, thereby concentrating on three issues: Who is the intrapreneur and the engineer-intrapreneur in particular? What kind of managerial and organizational support is required to facilitate the intrapreneur's upcoming? What are the educational and work related consequences for practical intrapreneurship tool development?     

Future business and the role of purchasing and supply management: Opportunities for ‘business-not-as-usual’ PSM research

The raison d'être for this article is simple: traditional ways of researching, theorizing, and practicing purchasing and supply management (PSM) are no longer sufficient to ‘meet the moment’. Scholars need to advance a “business-not-as-usual” footing approach to their work, if they are to make a meaningful contribution to addressing the current and future emergencies, as highlighted by recent extreme weather and the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, what can this, or should this, mean for a field rooted in traditional business thinking? This article builds on the Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management's (JPSM) 25th Anniversary Special Issue editorial (2019); members of the JPSM's editorial team advance their unique perspectives on what “business-not-as-usual” means for PSM. Specifically, we advocate both thinking much more widely, in scope and ambition, than we currently do, and simultaneously building our ability to comprehend supply chains in a more nuanced and granular way. We explore whether the bias toward positivist work has omitted potentially interesting findings, and viewpoints. This leads to a call to re-think how we approach our work: should the key criteria always be to focus on theory development or testing? Should academics “think bigger”? Turning to specific research themes, illustrations of how our current thinking can be challenged or broadened by addressing the circular economy, and role of purchasing and innovation. Specifically, the focus on the PSM function as an intrapreneur within the larger organization, and the role of innovation and technology in PSM work. Taken together, we hope the ideas and arguments presented here will inform and inspire ambitious and novel approaches to PSM research with significant and enduring impact on the transformation of business.     

基于组织认知水平的知识质量研究

从知识效用的角度探讨知识质量问题,给出基于组织认知水平的知识相对质量定义。通过分析构建基于组织认知水平的知识质量转移模型和知识测定模型,提出知识相对质量的测定方法,为进一步研究高效知识管理提供方法支持。最后,选取模具设计知识作为知识范围,以模具概要设计为示例给出说明知识相对质量的测定步骤。     

浅谈知识管理中的隐性知识

知识经济时代呼唤有效的知识管理,隐性知识作为知识的重要组成部分,正扮演着越来越重要的角色。通过对国内外相关文献的研究,对企业隐性知识的内涵进行了详细总结,系统地归纳了隐性知识的类型和特征,并对隐性知识的开发进行了初步研究,结合企业中的知识管理,提出了隐性知识的开发措施。     

跨界搜寻策略、知识异质度与企业技术创新绩效

以我国106家高科技企业为研究样本,探讨跨界搜寻广度、深度与平衡对企业技术创新绩效的影响,以及内外部知识异质度在其中起到的中介作用。结果表明：跨界搜寻广度、深度与企业技术创新绩效之间存在倒U形关系,而跨界搜寻平衡正向影响企业技术创新绩效,内外部知识异质度在跨界搜寻策略与企业技术创新绩效关系中起到中介作用。     

大型工程中基于知识管理的授权程度及形式分析

在大型工程项目管理中,为了提高管理效率,授权行为已经必不可少。但是,现实中的授权行为面临着授权程度以及授权形式如何确定的问题。基于知识管理中的相关理论,从知识管理成本的角度分析了授权程度,提出授权程度的高低源于知识成本的高低;从知识分布的角度分析了授权形式,提出大型工程项目管理中可以对上层采用集权(形成核心管理层)、对下层采用分权(形成核心工作团队)的授权形式;从知识分类及成本角度分析了授权保障措施,提出在授权过程中做到项目管理标准化以及发挥下层的自主性,并加强组织学习。     

高技术企业知识体系概念框架及其内部互动模型——一个解释知识创新过程的新框架

企业知识是组织内部个人知识的集合体 ,但不是个人知识的简单加总。基于这个认识 ,本文构建了一个由知识员工、知识链和知识场构成的点、线、面互动的企业知识体系研究框架。高技术企业是追求持续知识创新的知识体系 ,知识创新通过知识点之间的互动完成 ,如同电荷之间的运动通过电场来进行 ,知识点通过知识场发生相互作用。本文提出了知识场的概念 ,分析了其与Nonaka的“巴”的区别与联系 ,并对其进行了分类。进一步的 ,根据高技术企业知识体系运行的基本路径 ,文章分别研究了体系内知识点通过知识场进行互动的基本模式与作用机制。文章试图提出一个能够解释知识创新过程的新框架。     

知识管理系统的评价

针对知识管理系统特点,设计了一种定性和定量相结合的评价指标体系;并在该指标体系基础上,提出了一种改进的评价方法。