关于现行民诉抗诉案件再审制度的思考

我国民诉法赋予人民检察院享有抗诉监督权,但是现行的法律制度存在一些缺陷,例如抗诉的事由过于宽泛、检察机关在出庭时的地位尴尬、抗诉的程序复杂时间太长、抗诉过程容易产生干扰、抗诉证据容易灭失以及再审案件管辖权的设置不够科学等,建议从适当限制人民检察院的抗诉权、设定同级抗诉制度和设立专门再审程序等方面进行改革。     

The Effect of Respondent Experience/Knowledge in the Elicitation of Contingent Values: An Investigation of Convergent Validity,Procedural Invariance and Reliability

Tests of convergent validity and procedural invariance were used to investigate whether individuals lacking direct experience with a commodity can provide valid responses to contingent-valuation questions eliciting ex post use values. Convergent validity between samples with and without experience was shown to hold for dichotomous-choice responses, but not for open-ended responses.     

基于条件价值评估法的中国巨灾风险保险模式定量设计——基于网络问卷调查的实证研究

巨灾风险损失经验数据的缺乏使得保险人设计合理的巨灾风险保险模式存在较大困难。基于巨灾风险保险的准公共物品性质,通过网络问卷调查,运用条件价值评估法,从消费者意愿角度对中国巨灾风险保险模式的主要项目进行定量设计,可以克服非寿险常规费率厘定方法的缺陷,对纠正巨灾风险保险市场失灵亦有积极意义。     

The Importance of Ethics in Environmental Economics with a Focus on Existence Values

The importance of ethics and fundamental value judgments in environmental economics is high-lighted by discussing the controversial concept of existence values. The social value depends crucially on the social objective, which is not necessarily self-evident, e.g., since some individuals tend to value nature intrinsically. It is shown that the motives behind willingness to pay figures matter for the social value, and the conventional view that people respond to CV questions solely in order to maximize their own utility or well-being is questioned. The importance of being explicit about value judgments is emphasized, and it is argued that environmental economics should consider non-conventional assumptions which take the social context into account to a larger degree.     

浅谈发出存货计价方法的选择

对存货计价问题的产生进行说明,详细介绍了5种发出存货计价方法,并且通过它们之间的比较,重点阐述了企业如何根据自己选择恰当的存货计价方法。这样,选择比较合理的发出存货计价方法,可以有效达到企业管理的目标。     

Economic evaluation of healthcare technology improving the quality of social life: the case of assistive technology for the disabled and elderly

Public investments in healthcare technology for the disabled and elderly to improve the quality of social life have been vigorous, but the economic evaluation of the assistive technology is still lacking. Under this circumstance, the purpose of this study is to analyse the socio-economic value of developing assistive technologies with the potential to improve the quality of social life, especially for disabled and elderly individuals. Based on a survey of 400 respondents, the spike model, a special form of the contingent valuation method (CVM) is applied to assess the value of assistive technologies. In Korea, a household’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the development of assistive technologies is US$4.26 per year, on average, in the form of a government-levied tax; although many people express zero WTP for the development of these technologies, people with higher household savings, higher levels of education and higher levels of charity donations have a higher WTP for the development of assistive technology. We conclude that although assistive technologies have considerable economic value many people express zero WTP for the development of these technologies. Therefore, political and social educational efforts are necessary to reach social consensus on the government investment in such technologies.     

CVM评估生态服务价值的经济有效性和可靠性理论述评

意愿价值法(CVM)以新古典需求理论为基础,构造假想市场使生态服务价值的评估成为可能。但在应用中产生各种不符合经济理论预期的经济"异常"现象,使其有效性和可靠性受到广泛质疑。本文系统梳理了国际上经济、生态、社会等领域学者对"异常"现象的理论解释与争论,阐明了CVM的应用必须考虑评估对象的性质、所处区域的社会制度条件、市场化程度等因素,并指出:要在我国推广应用CVM,必须结合我国转型经济特殊阶段的社会条件对其有效性与可靠性进行深入的理论探讨。     

基于耕地总价值的征地补偿标准研究——以襄阳市谷城县为例

以襄阳市谷城县为例,运用条件价值法和统计分析方法研究基于耕地资源总价值的征地补偿标准。研究结果:(1)谷城县耕地资源非市场价值为532 733.33万元,单价为18.42万元/公顷;(2)基于耕地资源总价值的谷城县征地补偿标准由近郊至远郊为当前补偿标准的1.35～1.51倍。研究结论:耕地资源非市场价值总量可观,应完善征地补偿制度,将耕地非市场价值纳入征地补偿标准。     

南京市公众对长江水质改善的支付意愿及支付方式的调查

本文以南京市为例．利用支付卡式的条件价值评估（OVM）技术．通过发放调查问卷及访谈的形式对公众改善长江水质的支付意愿进行了深入研究。结果表明：（1）南京市居民对长江水质恢复的户均年支付意愿为100．66元．76．5％的受访者的支付意愿大于零，8．4％的受访问者虽有支付意愿但限于低经济收入原因支付意愿为零．15.1％的受访者拒绝支付；（2）影响居民支付意愿的主要因素包括家庭收入、环境意识及文化程度；（3）南京市居民偏爱的支付方式依次为捐款、交税、存取基金方式及提高水价．水价上涨并不是面向公众筹集长江水质改善资金的唯一有效方式。根据调查结果，本文认为增加收入，提高水环境保护意识．引入“谁收益、谁支付”观点是提高居民支付意愿的有效途径。     

Quasi‐experimental Estimates of the Effect of Class Size on Achievement in Norway*

Using a comprehensive Norwegian administrative database, we exploit independent quasi‐experimental methods to estimate the effect of class size on student achievement at the end of lower‐secondary school. Identification based on maximum class‐size rules and population variation (and variations on these methods) give very similar estimates. We cannot reject that the class‐size effect is equal to zero, and can rule out effects as small as 1.5 percent of a standard deviation for a one‐student change in class size during three consecutive years.     

基于旅游费用法的长沙洋湖湿地公园游憩价值评估

城市湿地公园是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,具有极高的生态、社会和景观价值。文章在城市湿地公园迅速增长、相关理论研究数量有限的情况下,选取游憩价值评估最为成熟的旅行费用法作为评估方法、长沙市最大的城市湿地公园——洋湖湿地公园作为研究对象,通过运用问卷调查、实地访谈等方法对其游憩价值进行了评估,得出结论如下：公园目前游客实际旅行费用为4411.983万元,而其总游憩利用价值为81 578.473万元,相比之下,公园应有的游憩利用价值尚未得到充分发挥,存在很大程度的资源闲置,开发潜力巨大。     

The adequacy of volatility for the elaboration of technology valuation based on real options

When evaluating the economic value of a technology or business project, we need to consider the period and cost for commercialisation. Since the discounted cash flow (DCF) method has limitations in that it can not consider consecutive investments or does not reflect the probabilistic property of commercialisation cost, we often take it desirable to apply the concept of real options with key metrics of underlying asset value, commercialisation cost, and volatility, while regarding the value of technology and investment as the opportunity value. We provide more elaborated real options model, which reflects the uncertainty in the option pricing model (OPM).     

休闲渔业对建设社会主义新农村的意义及发展对策

新农村建设的关键是发展农村经济,渔业是农业经济中的重要组成部分,也是农业结构调整和农民增收的重要途径。休闲渔业的发展不仅有利于渔业产业结构调整,而且有利于农村经济发展、环境整治,对于社会主义新农村建设具有积极意义。     

碳排放权交易的CO2减排效应研究——基于包含溢出效应的SCM

碳排放权交易是否实现最初的CO₂减排目标需要实证检验,已有的研究未考虑政策溢出效应以及混淆政策的存在,可能导致政策干预效用的错误估计。论文基于地区能源平衡表以及水泥生产数据对CO₂进行测算,并采用包含溢出效应的合成控制模型对我国6个碳排放交易试点省份的减排效用分别进行了估计,该模型放松了“非实验单元不受干预效应影响”的假定,在溢出效应以及类似政策存在的情况下仍能得到无偏的估计。为了保证估计结果的稳健性,对效用估计值进行了安慰剂、溢出权重设定以及合成权重三方面的检验,探索了各试点碳交易市场的减排效用在量以及趋势上的差异,为全国统一碳交易市场的构建提供定量的依据。     

我国股市融资的行业选择与产业增长研究——基于面板数据模型的研究

运用大量的统计数据分析了我国股市融资的产业分布特点,采用14个工业部门1994～2006年的行业面板数据并在RZ模型的基础上来定量分析股市融资对我国各个行业增加值的贡献.实证结果表明,我国股市融资对产业增长并不存在显著的影响.其原因可能主要是因为我国股票市场缺乏有效的择优选择机制,因此,文章提出股票市场应该建立以市场为主导的产业选择机制,实现股市融资的产业结构与整个经济发展中产业结构升级的协调.     

The impact of the bird flu on public willingness to pay for the protection of migratory birds

In this paper, we present the results of a unique time series analysis of contingent values and models for migratory bird protection based on an identical contingent valuation (CV) survey carried out over a three year time period since the first bird flu outbreak in 2003. Although there exists no scientific evidence for a direct relationship, migratory birds are believed to play an important role in spreading the bird flu virus worldwide. The time series analysis allows us to test the temporal stability of stated preferences for migratory bird protection and at the same time examine indirectly the possible impact of increased media attention and public awareness levels regarding the bird flu. We test the impact of the bird flu on public willingness to pay (WTP) for migratory bird protection in the final 2005 survey whilst accounting for procedural variance introduced by sequencing and question ordering-effects, but we are unable to demonstrate a direct negative relationship. A novelty of the study presented here is that respondents in the CV surveys are given the opportunity to pay an annual money amount or a one-time-off lump-sum. Annual WTP values appear to be significantly higher than one-time-off WTP values, suggesting a negative implicit discount rate. Self-selection bias is an important reason for the observed differences. We find that respondents who agree to pay annually differ significantly from respondents who wish to pay a lump-sum in terms of their underlying preferences and motivations towards migratory bird protection.     

The Effect of the Arab Spring on Preferences for Redistribution in Egypt

This paper investigates the effect of the revolution that occurred in January 2011 in Egypt on the demand for redistribution in that country, which has drastically increased since that period. This shock has been an important event, enhancing freedom and the political structure. In a first step, taking into account the main determinants of preferences for redistribution in the literature, our results differ, showing a positive impact of religion and a negative impact of altruistic attitudes. In a second step, we rely on a diff-in-diff approach to estimate the effect of the revolution, using three similar countries as a control group. We find that Egyptians became much more favorable to redistribution after the Arab Spring. Moreover, the revolution effect is stronger for the poorest people and those who are interested in politics.     

中国A股市场对股票交易实行特别处理(ST)的公告的反应

本文运用超额收益法和多元回收分析法,研究了我国A股市场对股票交易实行特别处理的公告的反应。我们的研究发现市场对该公告有显著的负反应。分年度的研究表明1998年市场对该公告的负反应比1999年显著。同时我们的研究结果也证明了盈余公告具有信息含量。     

The Effect of Risk Characteristics on the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions from Electric Power Generation

The objective of this study is to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for the reduction of mortality risks caused by fossil fuel (natural gas, coal and oil) versus nuclear electric power generation systems and to examine the influence of risk characteristics involved with electric power generation on WTP. A choice experiment was conducted to achieve these objectives. The attributes for nuclear risks in the experiment included the probability of disasters and the expected losses if a disaster occurs. We find evidence of (i) a baseline effect (where WTP is sensitive to hypothetical versus actual baseline expected mortality); (ii) a ‘labeling effect,’ where, surprisingly, the term ‘nuclear’ has no effect on WTP, but the term ‘fossil-fueled power generation’ results in lower WTP; and (iii) disaster aversion, meaning that people focus on the conditional loss from a nuclear disaster, not the probability. We also find that the WTP for reducing deaths from a nuclear disaster is about 60 times the WTP for routine reducing fossil-fuel generation-related deaths.