Changing the Balance? Taylorism,TQM and Work Organisation

Here the author examines change to work organisation in a large domestic appliance factory over a twenty-five year period. After work study engineers attempted to improve the efficiency of assembly workers, the company more recently, has encouraged shopfloor workers to analyse their own activities utilising techniques associated with TQM.     

全球价值链分工的利益来源:比较优势、规模优势和价格倾斜优势

20世纪80年代以来,全球价值链分工逐渐成为国际分工的重要趋势。由于全球价值链分工涉及中间品的进口,又涉及最终产品的出口,就产生了“分工利益”和“贸易利益”。分工后的比较优势、规模优势属于“分工利益”,而“价格倾斜”优势属于“贸易利益”。由此可以得出结论,最发达国家能从分工中获取“分工利益”和“贸易利益”,而落后国家在获取“分工利益”的同时“贸易利益”可能受损。     

What Works at Work: Overview and Assessment

This article discusses why it is difficult to measure the effects of management practices on organizational performance. In spite of these difficulties, a collage of evidence suggests that innovative workplace practices can increase performance, primarily through the use of systems of related practices that enhance worker participation, make work design less rigid, and decentralize managerial tasks. A majority of U.S. businesses have adopted some innovative work practices. However, only a small percentage of businesses have adopted a full system of innovative practices. We outline several constraints on the diffusion of new work practices, and suggest directions for future research     

Living at Work: Management Control and the Dormitory Labour System in China

The paper is based on a review of the literature on the use of dormitory labour, in the past and currently within parts of China, especially the Southern Pearl River Delta. It compares the provision of dormitories by firms with provision of housing under paternalist management practices. It explores the benefits that flow from having labour available on tap, as against the potential disadvantages of having short tenure circulating labour as firms aim to move up the value chain which may require the retention of skilled labour with the firm for longer periods.     

Between Flexibility and Regulation: Rights, Equality and Protection at Work

The year 2000 represented the real year of delivery on Labour's proposals for industrial relations and employment rights. This review focuses on the content of the government's legislative programme, taking account of the impact of public policy at European level and its relationship with national legislation. The government's programme included a number of measures designed to target discrimination and promote equality, and the review examines the form and significance of these changes, in the light of continuing discrimination in the labour market. It then turns to examine the most fundamental legal reform of the year, the introduction of the statutory right to recognition.     

绝对优势和比较优势的利益得失

斯密的绝对优势和李嘉图的比较优势令人信服地证明了国际分工和贸易给贸易双方带来的更大利益，但他们并没有对贸易产品的成本进行比较。本文紧接着斯密和李嘉图的思路，进一步探讨了国际贸易在增加贸易双方“产品利益”的同时贸易国的“成本利益”得失，认为基于绝对优势的国际分工和贸易产生的“成本利益”具有不确定性．而基于比较优势的国际分工和贸易带给先进国的“成本利益”一定为正．带给落后国的“成本利益”一定为负．并在此基础上分析了“产品利益”和“成本利益”背离的原因以及发展中国家为缩小与发达国家的经济差距而采取的应对措施。     

试论陕西天然气资源优势向经济优势的转化

陕西有着丰富的天然气资源．可以说得天独厚，这是陕西的优势之一．如何在西部大开发中充分开发利用陕西的天然气资源，促其更快地转化为经济优势，是陕西的一个重要课题．更是我们天然气产业工作者研究和实践的重大课题。     

Is Good Work Good for Democracy? Work,Change at Work and Political Participation in Canada and England

This article draws on data from 750 Canadian and 450 English workers to systematically explore the implications of work for political participation, addressing whether ‘good’ work, and recent trends identified in work and employment, appear to be good for political participation. It finds that various aspects of work and of the work experience, many of which have been associated with recent trends, can have significant implications. However, these implications tend to differ for ‘passive’ and ‘active’ forms of participation and to be weak for the former. Moreover, characteristics that might be associated with ‘good’ work have negative as well as positive spillovers, suggesting contradictory effects and reducing the net positive effects of good jobs. Finally, there is some (albeit limited) evidence of cross‐national differences, especially with regard to the implications of union representation.     

移动电子商务要善于顺势而为

移动电子商务是借助手机、掌上电脑、互联网等通信设备,利用无线网进行的电子商务活动,是可以在任何时间、任何地点以任何方式进行的电子商务交易。因其具有处理银行业务、商品交易、订票、购物、娱乐等多种功能,且简便易用,一开始就吸引了众多商家的关注,一些受电子商务所困的商家似乎找到了新的希望。     

Advocates, Critics and Union Involvement in Workplace Partnership: Irish Airports

The Irish Airports Authority and its unions have developed a radical partnership initiative which seeks to involve staff and unions in operational and strategic decision–making. The initiative allows for an empirical assessment of arguments regarding the effects of partnership on union organization and strength, and on members' commitment to unions. Drawing on research conducted over a four–year period, we argue that partnership was of considerable benefit to workers and unions, but that new tensions and challenges have arisen. On balance, the evidence provides modest support for the theoretical arguments of advocates of partnership.     

炮采普采工作面循环作业

炮采普采工作面的循环作业,应从生产实际出发、确定科学的循环作业方式,合理安排循环作业工序和循环程序,提高生产效率和保证安全生产。     

基于产业竞争优势理论的伦敦文化创意产业竞争优势研究

在全球经济增长缓慢背景下,创意经济表现出巨大活力。世界已进入创意经济的时代,伦敦作为创意之都,其文化创意产业发展模式的研究对其他国家地区的文化创意产业发展具有借鉴作用。从产业竞争优势理论出发,通过归纳影响伦敦文化创意产业因素,对伦敦文化创意产业的竞争优势进行分析。     

供应链合作关系稳定性的博弈分析

供应链合作关系是供应链管理的核心问题之一。供应链成员企业之间稳定的合作关系可以为企业提供更强的核心竞争力,同时创造更大的价值,但是由于个体理性等问题的存在,容易导致"囚徒困境",限制了供应链联盟合作关系的稳定性。本文在构建并分析供应链联盟合作关系模型的基础上,分析了长期合作中的贴现、信息不对称和终止成本对供应链联盟合作关系长期稳定性的影响。最后,通过构建效用最大化模型,分析并提出了解决合作稳定性的对策。     

企业集群的竞争优势：资源的结构性整合

本文试图融合基于资源的企业理论（RBV）与“结构－－行为－－绩效”（SCP）的分析框架来解释集群竞争优势。特定的资源和能力是竞争优势的来源，集群作为一种中间组织形式构成了新的竞争单位，其竞争 优势来源于资源禀赋及集群对于资源的整合能力。在影响集群竞争优势的诸因素中，集群规模与集群结构是影响集群资源及其整合的根本因素，群内企业的竞合博弈行为与集群结构的互动是集群结构影响其竞争优势的动态途径。     

价值链分析:PC制造业的竞争优势

一、产业结构概述PC即个人电脑(personalcomputer)的简称。PC制造业的产业结构大致可分为上、中、下游三个层次。上游是整个PC业的龙头,是产业的技术和工业标准发布地,属技术密集型,具有很强的行业壁垒。位于上游环节的是极少数掌握了PC关键技术、其产品已被视为产业内不可缺少的标准部件的企业,全世界只有几家属于上游层的企业,而且都在PC业的发源地美国,其典型代表就是英特尔公司和微软公司。英特尔的中央处理芯片(CPU)和微软的视窗操作系统(Windows)1联手,形成了PC硬、软件工业标准,具有很强的技术密集型特点。如果说PC制造业是…     

Sustaining the International Competitive Advantage of Asian Firms: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions

The sudden loss of export markets by many Asian firms during the Asian financial crisis (AFC) has raised important questions on how firms in the region can regain and sustain their competitive advantage in international markets. This paper develops a conceptual model which focuses on certain key elements of a firm's internal resources as critical sources of competitive advantage and offers research propositions. It is argued that Asian firms can enhance their international competitive advantage by leveraging their internal resources within an external environment generally conducive to growth.