从企业生命周期理论看我国家族企业社会化转型

本文根据企业生命周期理论,探讨我国家族企业的生命周期,结合我国家族企业发展现状和自身特征,揭示中国家族企业兴起的合理性、先天的管理弊端,继而探讨我国家族企业发展和家族企业社会化的界定,并在此基础之上指出我国家族企业进行社会化变革是必要的.     

从企业生命周期理论看我国家族企业社会化转型

本文根据企业生命周期理论,探讨我国家族企业的生命周期,结合我国家族企业发展现状和自身特征,揭示中国家族企业兴起的合理性、先天的管理弊端,继而探讨我国家族企业发展和家族企业社会化的界定,并在此基础之上指出我国家族企业进行社会化变革是必要的。     

美国家族企业存续中的职业生涯规划

家族企业在我国具有悠久的历史，“文革”期间曾被转让和取缔，改革开放以后再度兴起，近几年呈现出蓬勃发展的势头。有关家族企业今后的发展问题，诸如家族企业的发展战略、融资渠道、社会化信誉机制、社会化人力资源条件等等，在理论界已引起了热烈的讨论。本文以美国为例，对家族企业继承的人力资源规划问题作一些粗浅分析，希望对促进我国家族企业的健康发展有一定的借鉴意义。一、家族企业存续中职业生涯规划问题的提出家族企业构成了世界经济的重要组成部分，据估计，家族企业在世界各国所占的企业数量比例高达６５％－－９０％。７５…     

家族企业"传内不传外"刍议

家族企业传承问题是家族企业能否持续健康发展的关键。理论界倾向于认为家族企业控制权的社会化是一种必然趋势,文章则通过实证和理论分析,证明了家族企业传内不传外的合理性。     

模糊抉择在家族企业家行为中的应用实证

家族企业家自身的行为很大程度上决定了家族企业社会化的路径、方式或表现形式，而家族企业家的行为也必然受到许多因素的影响。本文分析了九种影响家族企业家行为的因素，如感觉、直觉、思维、情感、能力或技能、知识与教育、经验或经历、社会环境与社会网络等，及其导致家族企业社会化的程度，在此基础上建立了家族企业家行为抉择模型，最后利用模糊抉择法对实证结果进行了分析验证，得到了与现实情况比较一致的结论。     

家族企业治理模式转型的路径选择与障碍分析

家族企业治理模式的最基本特征是家族所有与家族控制。从成本与效率角度来分析,家族企业模式是特定企业边界下降低交易成本的最佳制度安排。从企业的契约角度来看,家族模式是关系治理与正式治理互为补充,较现代公司治理模式而言,前者的治理作用更为显著。随着家族企业的发展,必然从创业期、发展期进入成熟期,现代公司治理模式将成为家族企业转型的目标模式,它将向产权社会化,经营者职业化,企业文化契约化三种路径实现。但中国家族企业治理模式的转型还会受到中国特有的宏观环境影响,如发育迟缓的资本市场,欠发达的经理人市场,中国文化浓重的家族情结等影响。     

企业控制权问题研究——家族企业控制权问题

本文首先对企业控制权进行了概述,接下来对美国家族企业和华人家族企业的控制权进行了比较,指出家族企业控制权转移所面临的问题,最后说明家族企业的控制权改革势在必行,并提出家族企业的控制权改革的相关策略。     

家族式企业管理模式利弊分析及其对策初探

家族企业的兴起和蓬勃发展使人们对家族企业的研究提到议事日程。家族企业管理模式与其他类型相比既有优势又有不足,本文阐述了家族企业管理模式的优劣势,并对中国家族企业的发展提出了一些对策建议。     

我国家族企业文化创新机理研究

我国家族企业经过20多年的发展,面临着企业规模扩大、产业升级转型的需要。家族企业文化的创新既是家族企业文化自身的本质诉求是家族企业发展的内在要求,也是家族企业应对知识经济、全球化等国内外竟争的要求。本文从家族企业文化现状、制定创新目标和方案、实施企业文化创新及文化评价四个方面,分析我国家族企业文化创新机理,提出通过家族企业价值观创新、家族企业愿景和使命创新、家族企业精神创新、家族企业制度创新、家族企业行为文化创新、家族企业物质文化创新、家族企业形象创新等措施促进我国家族企业文化创新,指导我国家族企业的企业文化创新实践。     

股权制衡、社会资本与家族企业控制权——基于雷士照明控制权争夺案例的研究

家族企业引入机构投资者是其社会化过程中的重要一步。以往研究大多认为机构投资者参与治理能够缓解代理问题,提高公司治理效率。本文通过对雷士照明控制权争夺案例的分析,发现在股权制衡下,机构投资者为改善企业的治理状况而采用引入战略投资者、更换管理团队、驱逐创始人股东等手段,却因为无法获得家族企业社会资本的支持而无法有效发挥治理效应。本文认为,在我国家族企业中,股权制衡情况下机构投资者与家族股东之间的利益博弈容易引发控制权争夺;由于我国家族企业中存在的社会资本控制链,机构投资者发挥其治理效应仍存在困难;应注重相关法律法规建设,保护外部投资者利益。     

中国家族企业核心竞争力识别与测评

中国家族企业核心竞争力的培育与提升,是促进中国家族企业快速发展必须解决的一重大理论和现实问题。本文试图探索一条新的识别与测评中国家族企业核心竞争力的途径。首先我们对家族企业的内涵进行了科学的界定,对中国家族企业的经营特点进行了系统的分析;然后通过采用文本信息挖掘的方法,提炼出中国成功家族企业的核心竞争力的若干要素;最后模糊综合评判网络方法构建了一个中国家族企业核心竞争力的自我判别模型,以期待帮助中国家族企业经营管理者对所属企业进行科学定位,从而达到采取有效措施提高企业治理水平,提升企业核心竞争力的目的。     

中国家族企业的人才任用机制探讨

文章分析了家族企业人才任用机制的现状,指出造成该现状的原因,并提出相应的改进措施。     

The Strategic Hrm Debate and the Resource-Based View of the Firm

This article examines the implications of the resource-based view of the firm for the theory of strategic HRM. the resource-based view points to the sources of human resource advantage in building organisational capability. In this way, it helps us to identify the various ways in which HRM contributes to the strategic management of the firm. More work must be done, however, to relate resource-based concepts to important premises in employment relations theory. While our existing research base suggests that it will be possible to identify particular firms in any industry and economy which have built human resource advantage, the article argues that comparative research will continue to show important national differences which affect the competitiveness of firms.     

Family versus Non‐Family Firm Franchisors: Behavioural and Performance Differences

Drawing from resource‐based theory, we argue that family firm franchisors behave and perform differently compared to non‐family firm franchisors. Our theorizing suggests that compared to a non‐family firm franchisor, a family firm franchisor cultivates stronger relationships with franchisees and provides them with more training. Yet, we predict that a family firm franchisor achieves lower performance than a non‐family firm franchisor. We argue, however, that this performance relationship reverses itself when family firm franchisors are older and larger. We test our hypotheses with a longitudinal dataset including a matched‐pair sample of private U.S. family and non‐family firm franchisors.     

The Effect of Founding Family Influence on Firm Value and Corporate Governance

We examined a sample of 120 Norwegian, founding family controlled and non‐founding family controlled firms, to address two important research questions: (1) is founding family control associated with higher firm value; and (2) are there unique corporate governance conditions under which a founding family controlled firm can be more valuable? We find a positive association between founding family control and firm value for four alternative definitions of founding family control. We find that the association between founding family CEOs and firm value is stronger among younger firms, firms with smaller boards, and firms with a single class of shares. However, the impact of founding family directors on firm value is not affected by corporate governance conditions such as firm age, board independence, and number of share classes. We also find that the relation between founding family ownership and firm value is greater among older firms, firms with larger boards, and particularly when these firms have multiple classes of shares. Our results imply that founding family controlled firms are more valuable and governed differently than firms without such influence. Furthermore, our results also suggest that founding family CEOs can enhance firm performance when family influence does not create shareholder entrenchment or when their cash flow rights are more aligned with their control rights.     

Resource Configuration in Family Firms: Linking Resources, Strategic Planning and Technological Opportunities to Performance

abstract    We apply the resource-based view of the firm to the study of family firms by investigating how a family specific resource (reciprocal altruism) and a firm specific resource (innovative capacity) contribute to family firm performance. We then examine how the impact of these resources is moderated by strategic planning and technological opportunities. Our findings suggest that family firms can benefit from emphasizing the positive aspects of kinship and from developing innovative capacities. As such, we demonstrate that not only do firm specific resources contribute to family firm performance, but also that family relationships can be a source of competitive advantage for a family firm. In addition, we found a heightened importance of reciprocal altruism in environments rich in technological opportunities, and that strategic planning is more important for those family firms that lack innovative capacities.     

Activism for Corporate Responsibility: Conceptualizing Private Regulation Opportunity Structures

In this article, we examine how private regulatory initiatives (PRIs) – which define standards for corporate responsibility (CR) issues and sometimes monitor their application by firms – create opportunities and constraints for activist groups aiming to push firms towards more stringent CR activities. Drawing on social movement theory, we conceptualize how private regulation opportunity structures affect such CR‐based activist groups' targets and tactics at both the firm and field levels. At the field level, we argue that both radical and reformative activist groups direct most of their time and resources towards PRIs with comparatively more stringent standards. At the firm level, while radical activist groups are likely to target firms participating in more stringent PRIs, reformative activist groups target firms participating in less stringent PRIs, or those that do not participate in PRIs at all. When facing unfavourable opportunity structures, CR‐based activist groups tend either to advocate the creation of new PRIs or to shift their activities to pressure other focal points. This article contributes to moving beyond extant literature's emphasis of PRIs as settlements of contentious firm–activist interactions towards also viewing them as starting points for activist groups aiming to push firms towards a more substantive CR engagement.     

Is market learning the missing link between family involvement – firm performance relationship? A resource-based perspective

Drawing on previous literature on proposing that there exists a positive relationship between family involvement and firm performance, this study refines the explanatory role of market learning in explaining the relationship between family involvement and firm performance to be conditional to firm age and environmental turbulence. The data from 344 small-medium enterprises show that family involvement is positively related to market exploitation while family involvement is negatively related to market exploration as family firms age. Also, we provide empirical evidence that family involvement is positively related to firm performance in turbulent environments through market exploration irrespective of the firm’s age. Conversely, family involvement is positively related to firm performance through market exploitation in less turbulent environments irrespective of firm age. This study provides empirical evidence of the market exploration and exploitation capabilities may be the capabilities that glue family involvement to firm performance.     

Untangling Goal Tensions in Family Firms: A Sensemaking Approach

While economic and non-economic goals may converge in the long term, they often lead to tensions for organizational decision-makers in the short term, especially in family firms that place much emphasis on family-related goals. We draw on a sensemaking approach to investigate such potential tensions in the decision-making of family firms. Based on a qualitative analysis of 59 interviews, 501 items of archival data and 39 observations from eight private Irish firms, we explore the perceived goal tensions of family firm decision-makers as they seek to balance economic and non-economic goals. We identify three sensemaking mechanisms – ensuring continuity in the family firm, preserving family cohesion, and delegating responsibilities to trusted advisors – that assist family firm decision-makers in managing these goal tensions. Moreover, we identify that sensegiving based on three different values – sense of commitment, community embeddedness, and family firm identity – helps family firm decision-makers to justify and communicate their decisions. Our model contributes to a more granular understanding of the management of goal tensions and of decision-making in family firms by going beyond the question of whether family firms prioritize economic or non-economic; instead, it reveals concrete processes showing how firms balance and aim to incorporate both goals. Furthermore, we advance knowledge on sensemaking in family firms by revealing how sensemaking can explain idiosyncratic family firm behaviour and by showing how family firm decision-makers use specific values when ‘giving sense’ to justify their decisions.     

The emergence of bifurcation bias from unbalanced families: Examining HR practices in the family firm using circumplex theory

Family firm human resource (HR) research focuses largely on examining differences in HR practices between family and nonfamily firms or between family and nonfamily employees within family firms. Few studies, however, attempt to explain why these differences emerge. We offer insight into the source of heterogeneous HR practices by investigating attributes of the owning family. We integrate a primary family science perspective, circumplex theory, to describe how an unbalanced family structure leads to unbalanced HR systems in the family firm. An unbalanced HR system is depicted as a form of bifurcation bias, or the asymmetric treatment of family and nonfamily employees via the family firm's HR practices. By integrating and extending circumplex theory into the family firm, insight is offered into how the structure of the family system influences the structure of the family business HR system, thus impacting firm outcomes. Implications for both scholars and practitioners are offered.