偏离份额法下我国高耗能产业转移的环境效应研究

以高耗能产业为研究对象,运用偏离份额法分析我国31个省份2006—2015年高耗能产业转移的时空特征,并在Stata 12.0中运用面板数据模型对导致不同区域高耗能产业环境污染排放差异的驱动因素进行数据回归,分析高耗能产业转移对环境污染排放的影响。结果表明:我国高耗能产业呈现出由东部向中西部地区转移的演变趋势,而污染转移和高耗能产业转移的特征基本一致,逐步由东部向中西部地区转移;西部地区环境污染排放是我国高耗能产业污染排放的主体;相对净变化量NRC、竞争力转移增量DIF与环境污染排放呈正相关关系,结构转移增量STR与环境污染排放呈负相关关系。除了受产业转移的影响,高耗能产业的环境污染排放还和经济水平、科技水平显著正相关,和环境管制强度显著负相关。     

中国污染密集型产业转移及其影响因素研究

首先构建污染密集指数来分辨挑选出污染密集型产业,通过计算基尼系数以及产业集中率来判断污染密集型产业的时间转移特征和空间转移特征;最后运用2000~2010年30个省份的面板数据进行建模回归,从而得出影响我国污染密集型产业转移的因素。结果表明:我国污染密集型产业存在转移,其转移方向为由我国东部地区向中西部地区转移;污染密集型产业转移主要受到经济外向度、创新能力的影响,其对不同地区具有不同的影响方向,经济发展状况、产权制度对其也有重要的推动作用。     

中国污染产业区际转移路径及环境效应研究

污染随着污染产业转移改变传播路径,并对转入地生态环境造成影响。文章构建区域动态产业集聚指数对污染产业在中国的转移路径以及转移量进行实证分析,结果表明中国污染产业相对转移趋势明显,尚未发生大规模绝对转移,总体上遵循从东部发达地区向中西部地区的转移路径,东部处于净转出状态。建立区域污染物的因素分解模型,间接研究产业转移过程中的环境效应,结果表明中国东部地区污染产业的转移有利于区域环境的改善,中西部地区大量承接污染产业,且多处于产业增长状态,污染产业转移大大增加了地区环境污染的发生几率。     

东部产业转移区域选择的影响因素

东部地区传统型产业向中西部地区转移是我国产业结构调整和区域经济整合的客观要求和必然趋势,也是市场经济条件下企业的扩张行为.本文从产业转移的微观层面出发,对影响产业转移投资主体的区域选择因素进行逐一分析,进而指出中西部地区在承接产业转移,优化投资环境时应努力的方向.     

污染产业转移成因及政府规制探讨

产业转移是地区分工和国际分工的客观要求,但由于环境外部性内在化程度在地区间存在差异以及地方政府追求特定目标动机的存在,使得污染问题伴随产业转移而影响了转入地的生态环境.结合江苏省内产业转移现状,探讨污染产业转移的成因,认为现有政府规制方式失灵,提出了解决污染转移的新方式.     

影响东部地区产业转移的主要因素分析

从理论上讲,区域发展差距的扩大,将促使发达地区丧失比较优势的产业向欠发达地区转移,而在我国东部与中西部地区发展差距扩大中并未形成明显的产业转移。影响东部发达地区产业向中西部地区转移的主要因素有:中西部地区劳动力大规模流向东部地区,东部地区参与国际分工,以及体制转轨时期东部地区地方政府的保护。目前,有助于这种产业转移的有利环境正在形成,但仍然需要政府的政策支持。     

东部产业集群双域转移及对我国产业安全的影响

我国东部地区产业集群面临着转移的趋势,不同类型的产业集群转移的可能性存在差异,并且转移存在着双向型,这种双向性转移的不同结果也将对我国产业安全形成挑战,优化中西部承接产业转移的环境,是减弱产业集群转移所带来的产业安全风险的重要手段,也将促进中西部地区产业的发展。     

污染产业转移视角下FDI环境外部性的跨界效应

通过FDI方式的污染产业转移会产生环境负外部性,在空间上存在跨界效应.这体现在承接污染产业会直接带来环境污染,从而引起居民福利的大量损失,而且还会因为自然因素导致跨界污染.目前,FDI的环境影响主要集中在东部地区,但有向中西部地区转移的趋势.许多地方政府为吸引FDI而进行的环境竞争,对这种跨界效应会起到相当的放大作用.因而需要采取调整政府人员业绩考核机制、鼓励地方政府增加环境投资、中西部地区按照全国主体功能区划要求制定分类的FDI环境管理政策、实行跨区域联合治理等措施,尽可能减少甚至消除FDI环境外部性的跨界效应.     

欠发达地区承接产业转移的风险研究——基于宏观政治经济环境的视角

由于区域间产业技术发展的非均衡性,导致了产业转移及承接的必然性.近年来,随着我国东部发达地区土地、劳动力、水、电等要素成本大幅上升,产业急需转型升级以及国家中西部大开发战略的持续推进,东部发达地区的部分传统产业开始加速向中西部欠发达地区转移.承接产业转移是加速欠发达地区经济发展、缩小与发达地区差距的有效途径,对欠发达地区资金注入、技术溢出、产业联动及观念更新等都带来了积极的效应,但随之而来的生态破坏、污染转移、土地匮乏等问题使欠发达地区面临巨大的环境恶化风险.因此,正确认识欠发达地区产业承接中的风险并找出相应对策,对促进欠发达地区产业承接和经济跨越式发展具有十分重要的现实意义.     

南宁市承接东部地区产业转移研究

近年来,我国东部地区部分劳动密集型企业经营困难,但却未向中西部地区转移,与政府期望和梯度转移理论所揭示的现象有较大距离。通过对西部典型地区南宁市的实地调研,从转入地的角度探讨区际产业转移缓慢的原因,揭示出影响区际产业转移的因素是多元的,除生产成本外,配套产业情况、土地管理方式、以及促进产业转移的政策乃至地区文化都会产生较大影响;而且,"生产成本"的内涵与国际产业转移不同,劳动力成本的区际差异不会明显驱动产业转移。基于南宁案例的剖析后认为,由于缺乏产业转移,未来中西部地区可能会出现发展动力不足的问题,实现东中西部地区协调发展的手段值得进一步思考。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。