共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Peter T. Leeson Christopher J. Coyne Peter J. Boettke 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2006,19(2-3):137-147
We examine the ability of focal points to transform situations of potential conflict into situations of cooperation. In performing
this function, focal points convert “worst-case scenarios” into “better-case scenarios,” which are easier for political economic
systems to handle. Focal points thus contribute to the ability of political economies to perform well in the face of less
than ideal conditions, enhancing systemic robustness.
JEL Code P0 相似文献
2.
Bruce J. Malina 《Forum for Social Economics》1997,26(2):1-20
When reading the New Testament, the modern historically-minded interpreter would do well to keep in view that early Christian
traditions emerged in the advanced agrarian societies of the first-century, eastern Mediterranean. In these societies, kinship
and political institutions, roles, and norms determined economic and religious institutional behavior. That is, religious
and economic structures were always embedded in either the kin group or the political group. Hence, to understand the “economic”
assumptions and behaviors described in the New Testament, the interpreter must develop scenarios that fit the document’s historical
and social context; the alternative is a necessarily anachronistic and ethnocentric reading. This essay articulates some basic
perspectives entailed in historically and culturally sensitive interpretations of Old Testament and New Testament passages
dealing with “economics”. The methodology employed here is a broadly based “social scientific criticism,” focusing on reading
theory and cultural anthropology. 相似文献
3.
Corporate social responsibility and the ‘game of catallaxy’: the perspective of constitutional economics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Viktor J. Vanberg 《Constitutional Political Economy》2007,18(3):199-222
The paper examines the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the perspective of constitutional economics, focusing
on the distinction between a political community’s constitutional choice of the rules of the “market game,” and the market
players’ sub-constitutional choice of strategies within these rules. Three versions of CSR-demands are identified and discussed,
a “soft,” a “hard”, and a “radical” version. The soft version is concerned with the issue of how “socially responsible” corporations ought to play the market game within existing
rules. The hard version is about how the rules of the market ought to be changed in order to induce “socially responsible” corporate behavior.
And the radical version questions the compatibility of CSR and the logic of the market game, calling in effect for adopting some alternative
economic regime.
相似文献
Viktor J. VanbergEmail: |
4.
Robust political economy emphasizes the lack of benevolence and omniscience of would be reformers. In addition, we consider
the effects of biased decision-making for the robustness of the policy implications. This paper examines the robustness of
the policy implications of models based on coordination failures and poverty traps. In particular, we address the revival
in ‘big push’ type models and its policy implications. We argue that attempts to promote economic development through ‘big
push’ models lack robustness.
JEL Code O1, O20, P26, P41 相似文献
5.
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) has mobilized economic theory in order to encourage E.U. Member States to reach desirable
environmental water pollution levels by conciliating economic and ecological interests. For this purpose, a stringent standard
(“good status”) has been set. Nevertheless, it will be possible to relax this standard if it appears that total abatement
costs required for reaching this “good status” exceed expected environmental benefits. This ambitious policy updates the issue
of the abatement costs and environmental benefits assessment. Concerning the costs, a full discrimination of the abatement
effort minimizes the total cost when the impact of polluters changes spatially, while a uniform effort can reach a pollution
target in flexible ways. In this case, the increase of the degree of discrimination of the abatement effort is required only
if it generates significant positive economies. Our theoretical and empirical results have shown that the discrimination advantage
becomes insignificant for either very demanding or very little demanding ecological standards and varies according to the
polluters’ profile. In the case of “intermediate” standards, efficiency gains become negligible with a restricted number of
effort “levels”. 相似文献
6.
Kazuya Ishii 《Forum for Social Economics》2003,32(2):41-55
Ernst F. Schumacher'sSmall is Beautiful seems thoroughly persuasive even at the turn of the century, as reckless material development is increasingly recognized
as a threat to peace. This article describes how his thought was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi's and Schumacher's ways
of thinking are considered as alternative development theorees, different from any of those stemming from laissez-faire economics
or Marxism. The formulation and proliferation of Schumacher's ideas about intermediate technologies are traced in both Indian
and global contexts, to evaluate their sufficiency as bases for development. Moreover, their implications for contemporary
economics are discussed, with the assistance of Amartya K. Sen's concepts of “capability,” “sympathy” and “commitment,” which
are in clear contrast to the conventional concept of “economic man.” Finally, it is concluded that Schumacher's alternative
development theories and practices, as well as Sen's economics, may play important roles in development and peace studies
in the 21st century.
I am grateful to William Volgor, Michael McPherson, David Schrom and Mark Kurowski for their helpful suggestions on drafts
of this article. 相似文献
7.
Economic models typically allow for “free disposal” or “reversibility” of information, which implies non-negative value. Building
on previous research on the “curse of knowledge” we explore situations where this might not be so. In three experiments, we
document situations in which participants place positive value on information in attempting to predict the performance of
uninformed others, even when acquiring that information diminishes their earnings. In the first experiment, a majority of
participants choose to hire informed—rather than uninformed—agents, leading to lower earnings. In the second experiment, a
significant number of participants pay for information—the solution to a puzzle—that hurts their ability to predict how many
others will solve the puzzle. In the third experiment, we find that the effect is reduced with experience and feedback on
the actual performance to be predicted. We discuss implications of our results for the role of information and informed decision
making in economic situations.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10683-006-9128-y.
JEL Classification C91, D83 相似文献
8.
John Marangos 《Forum for Social Economics》2011,40(1):119-137
The “transition” process in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (EEFSU) was one of the most dramatic non-marginal adjustments
in economic systems ever experienced. During the transition process, elements of centrally administered socialism and embryonic
market relations co-existed. This made traditional economic theory irrelevant. The purpose of this paper is to discover policy
concerns and outcomes that orthodox “transition” literature ignores. Stanfield’s contribution to the economic literature,
a cultural-holistic approach of radical institutionalism, makes it possible to understand the “transition” process from a
new and more enlightened perspective. Stanfield provides a better understanding of the complexities involved, since the nature
of change in the EEFSU is social and ever-lasting, not an end-state in the form of “transition”. Students of transition and
of international development would benefit from this novel approach, which dismisses “transition” and substitutes “social
change”, as the proper designation and manifestation of what actually took place in EEFSU. 相似文献
9.
We analyse the optimality of information revelation of hidden attributes of “credence goods” via alternative labelling procedures.
When consumers are heterogeneous in their willingness to pay for the hidden attribute, producers can either self-label their
products, or have them certified by a third party. The government can impose self or third party labelling requirements on
either the “green” or the “brown” producers. Our benchmark model develops a condition that links the optimal imposition of
third party labelling to the relative market share of each type of the good under complete information. We extend our analysis
to incorporate asymmetric information and cheating by the producers. When corrupt producers can affix spurious labels, the
government needs to supplement the labelling policy with costly monitoring activities. We find that mandatory self-labelling
schemes generally dominate mandatory third party labelling, unless the “market share effect” greatly exceeds the “incentive-to-cheat
effect”.
相似文献
10.
Using time-series cross-section analysis, we provide additional empirical validation for the principal-agent model developed
by Adserà et al. (2003). In our innovation, efficient economic policy is proxied by “economic freedom” from the Fraser Institute
database and constitutional “political institutions” are proxied by variables from the Database of Political Institutions.
Our results suggest that the more credible the threat of removal from office, the more government officials will pursue efficient
economic policies.
The authors are grateful to Alan Hamlin and an anonymous referee for their highly valuable input to the development of this
paper.
Tel.: +1-604-291-4167 相似文献
11.
Ulrich Witt 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2003,13(2):77-94
Economic policy making is discussed from three different angles: the political economy of actual policy making (“what policy
does do”), the analysis of policy instruments for given ends (“what policy could do”), and the debate on policy goals and
their legitimization (“what policy ought to do”). Center stage in the evolutionary perspective is new, positive and normative
knowledge which is unfolding during the policy making process and in its aftermath. It is argued that this implies regularities
and constraints which extend and modify the comparative-static interpretations of public choice theory, economic policy making
theory, and social philosophy.
RID="*"
ID="*" The author should like to thank three anonymous referees of this journal and the editor for helpful comments on an
earlier version of the paper. 相似文献
12.
James P. Henderson 《Forum for Social Economics》2000,29(2):49-59
This paper considers Charles Dickens’ charge that by relying too exclusively on statistics, political economists simply cannot
understand the human dimension of the questions they examine and the policies they propose to reform economic conditions.
Particular attention, is paid to three of Dickens’ writings: his 1836 “Full Report of the First Meeting of the Mudfog Association
for the Advancement, of Everything;” his 1853 Christmas story, “The Chimes;” and finally, his 1854 novelHard
Times, where these questions were a central theme. 相似文献
13.
Graziella Bertocchi 《Journal of Economic Growth》2006,11(1):43-70
We study the connection between inheritance systems and the historical evolution of the relationship between a society’s economic
structure and its political system, with a focus on Europe from feudal times. The model predicts that, in an early agrarian
phase, aristocratic political systems prevail, while democracies tend to emerge with industrialization. At the same time,
as indivisible landed estates are replaced by capital as the primary source of wealth, the inheritance system evolves endogenously
from primogeniture to partition. The dynamics of output, distribution, class structure and political participation are in
turn reinforced by the system of intergenerational wealth transmission, with primogeniture tending to concentration and partition
to equalization.
“But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (1835). 相似文献
14.
Frédéric Lordon 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》1997,7(1):1-21
The slow and endogenous twist of economic macro-structure makes up an important evolutionary feature of capitalist economies,
and may be at the root of structural crisis. In this line, a Goodwinian growth model with increasing returns and profit-sharing
that tries to picture a simple scenario of the seventies crisis is considered. It is shown that the exhaustion of the Kaldor-Verdoorn
“productivity law” can entail, in a nonlinear framework, a “catastrophic” bifurcation from a “high” to a “low” growth path.
Slow/fast dynamical systems then allow one to formalize a multiple time-scales dynamics where the growth path is shaped by
the structural framework in which it takes place, but has also a long -un feedback. Structural change and crisis appear as
long term and endogenous outcomes. 相似文献
15.
Nikolai Wenzel 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2010,23(1):55-78
This paper develops the concept of constitutional culture—the attitude, thoughts, and feelings about constitutional constraints
and the nature, scope, and function of constitutionalism. Constitutional culture is approached as a complex emergent phenomenon
bridging Hayekian cognitive and institutional insights. It can be studied as a mental model, a series of expectations and
understandings about the constitutional order, how it is, and how it ought to be. The “map” and “model” approach from Hayek’s
Sensory Order (1952) is employed to understand how individuals and (cautiously) groups of individuals at the national level approach constitutionalism.
This paper goes beyond the more traditional one-size-fits-all approach where all individuals respond uniformly to incentives,
as provided by the constitution qua contract. Instead, constitutionalism is tied up in the individual’s vision of the world,
that is, what Hayek (1948) labels “the facts of the social sciences.” The paper concludes with four areas where constitutional
culture can further the insights of constitutional political economy: comparative political economy, constitutional stickiness,
constitutional maintenance, and the new development economics. 相似文献
16.
The “discovery” of social capital in the early 1990s led to an upsurge of research into the economic impact of social cohesion
and governmental effectiveness. This paper outlines key developments in the social capital literature over the past 13 years.
It then examines theory and evidence of the links between social cohesion, quality of governance, economic performance and
human welfare. The literature indicates that social capital makes a measurable contribution to economic development and overall
wellbeing, particularly in developing countries. Partly in response to this emerging body of evidence, there has been increased
interest in the application of community development principles to economic development initiatives. This paper argues that
the advent of social capital theory represents a partial convergence between social economics and mainstream economics, and
signifies an increased acceptance that economic activity cannot be meaningfully “disembedded” from social and political context. 相似文献
17.
J. Robert Subrick 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2006,19(1):95-100
Robust political economy begins with assumptions of self-interested planners who lack perfect information. In such a world,
the social planner does not necessarily outperform the decentralized outcome. Crampton and Farrant (2005) argue that the inability
to engage in economic calculation reduces the ability of social planner to extract consumer surplus. Thus, the lack of calculation
improves the welfare of the median citizen which contrasts with conventional wisdom. We argue that they overstate their results.
First, the calculation argument fails because of its underdevelopment, not because of the empirical record. Second, the welfare
implications cannot be adequately addressed by assuming diminishing marginal utility of income or using the median welfare
standard. Third, robust political economy has not developed a model that yields meaningful welfare comparisons. Thus, robust
political economy remains in its early stages.
JEL Code P0, P16, P50
With apologies to Gordon Tullock 相似文献
18.
This paper discusses Bryan Caplan’s “rational irrationality” theory. In particular, it shows that this theory neglects the
impact of social construction of information in the beliefs formation process. Conversely, Kuran and Sunstein’s competing
theory which explains the beliefs formation process through information and reputation cascades mechanisms takes into account
this influence (Kuran and Sunstein in Stanford Law Rev 51: 683–768, 1999). Besides, this theory keeps the rational ignorance assumption into the analysis and emphasizes the role of activist interest
groups who strategically use voters’ ignorance. In this way it provides an economic theory of irrational beliefs formation
based on sound political epistemology. 相似文献
19.
20.
Dimitrios Xefteris 《Constitutional Political Economy》2011,22(3):221-237
Constitutions are multidimensional objects with non-trivial implications on the structure of the political environment and,
therefore, on the policy outcomes. This paper models constitutions as sets of “restraints” on the authority’s choice freedom
(absolute and democracy restraints). We argue that even if both kinds of restraints seem to be serving the same purpose (increase
social welfare), “democracy restraints” prolong the “life” of a constitution while “absolute restraints” not. We moreover
use the proposed way of modelling constitutions in order to explain the dominance of intermediate (in terms of tightness of
“democracy restraints”) constitutions in the real world. 相似文献