基于购买决策的网络购物感知风险

消费者消费观念的转变,使得网购从尝试性形态逐步向日常形态转变。由于网络购物在时间和空间上的特殊性以及心理和社会原因,使得消费者在网购与实体购物时所感受的风险存在较多差异,往往感到网购比实体商店购物存在更高的风险。相对于实体购物,影响网络购物感知风险的因素主要集中在消费者、商品、零售商和技术四方面。商家要消除由于信息的失衡给消费者带来的不安全感,同时,还需要商家具有广泛的营销手段和工具,从而提高企业的产品或品牌被消费者选择的可能性。     

品牌联合主效应研究:产品介入度视角

品牌联合战略作为推广新产品、提升品牌资产的有效方式,近年来在商业实践中得到了广泛的应用。本研究基于消费者学习理论和认知一致性理论,从产品介入度视角出发,运用实验设计、问卷调查和SEM模型,对品牌联合主效应模型和产品介入度的影响在中国商业文化环境下进行了实证检验。结果显示,联合匹配度对品牌联合主效应存在显著的正向影响,但产品匹配度对消费者联合品牌的购买意图影响并不显著;产品介入度对品牌联合主效应模型中各变量之间的关系强度有调节性的影响,这与消费者学习理论观点是一致的。     

Impact of Perceived Security on Trust,Perceived Risk,and Acceptance of Online Banking in Iran

This study examines the relationship between perceived security and acceptance of online banking with the mediating effect of perceived risk and trust in Internet banking in Iranian customers. Researchers used structural equations model (SEM) to examine their hypotheses and conceptual model. Statistical data were gathered via a questionnaire from 395 randomly selected customers of Bank Saderat Iran in Semnan. Cronbach’s alpha and internal compatibility were used to check the reliability of the questionnaire. The justifiability of the research variables was checked and confirmed using the first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis. According to the SEM results, the variables of perceived security and trust in Internet banking had a significantly positive impact on the acceptance of online banking. Although perceived risk had no significant impact on the acceptance of online banking, the results showed that perceived risk had a significantly negative impact on trust in Internet banking.     

When Do Online Consumers Shop in an Offline Store: The Moderating Effects of Product Characteristics

This study serves as an initial attempt to demonstrate empirically how online consumers react to the offline channel extensions (i.e., opening physical stores) of e-tailers. Specifically, we examine how the attributes of offline channels influence consumer intentions to switch to offline channels and how they also lead to incremental demands on online channels. We investigate how these effects vary across highly complex utilitarian and hedonic products. The results of the study indicate that although store openings encourage online consumers to shop there when purchasing highly complex utilitarian products, the addition of offline stores results counterintuitively in incremental patronage of the online channels when consumers shop for highly complex hedonic products. This study validates the guiding role of product characteristics in designing offline channels for e-tailers and suggests that incorporating product type and complexity into the design is likely to contribute to the development of stores tailored to specific consumer segments.     

Modeling the Effects of Green Advertising on Brand Image: Investigating the Moderating Effects of Product Involvement Using Structural Equation

ABSTRACT

?This experimental study examined consumers’ response to green advertising for high- and low-involvement products by measuring its effect on consumers’ intention to purchase such brands. The present study enhances our understanding of the moderating role of product involvement and extends the structural equation tests of the four causal models. A dataset of 169 respondents is used to examine the role of brand image and brand attitude in the context of green advertisements. Consistent with earlier findings, the suggested model provides a good fit of the data and results indicate that positive attitude toward green advertisements, brand image, and attitude toward the brand enhances the chances of consumers’ purchase intention of such brands. The study also verifies that product involvement moderates the positive relationship between attitude toward green advertisements and brand image such that at higher levels of product involvement, attitude toward green advertisements has a stronger effect on brand image.     

Impact of Multiple Perceived Value on Consumers' Brand Preference and Purchase Intention: A Case of Snack Foods

This study explores product value with reference to brand development. The question of which perceived product value acts dominantly has received very little attention, in particular, whether multiple product value may importantly enhance consumers' brand preference/purchase. This research investigates relationships between multiple perceived snack foods' product value, brand preference and purchase intention. Findings show significantly positive effects of brand preference on purchase intention, and brand preference as a mediator between multiple perceived product value and purchase intention. Findings also reveal multiple value perceptions of snack foods, (e.g., functional-price/value for the money and performance/quality, emotional, and social dimensions) be significant in the formation of brand preference, whereas only functional-price/value for the money and emotional value relate to purchase intention directly.     

时间压力对网络冲动性购买的影响研究：交易效用和感知风险的调节

以往关于时间压力对冲动性购买影响的研究结论具有两面性,即促进或抑制。文章引入交易效用和感知风险两个调节变量,通过两个实验探讨了时间压力对网络冲动性购买倾向影响的边界条件。首先,当交易效用较高时,时间压力的增加会导致其网络冲动性购买倾向的提高;而当交易效用较低时,时间压力的增加会导致其网络冲动性购买倾向的降低(实验一)。其次,当人们感知风险较低时,时间压力的增加会导致其网络冲动性购买倾向的提高;而当人们感知风险较高时,时间压力的增加会导致其网络冲动性购买倾向的降低(实验二)。研究结论可以帮助电商企业进一步了解消费者的冲动性购买行为,充分利用时间压力的影响,制定更灵活有效的促销策略。     

Different Effects of Utilitarian and Hedonic Benefits of Retail Food Packaging on Perceived Product Quality and Purchase Intention

Since consumers primarily make in-store purchase decisions, firms use product packaging to attract potential consumers. Ever-increasing market competition in many food product industries has further fueled this phenomenon in firms. However, the question of how retail food packaging affects consumer processes has received very little attention. This study investigates the benefits of food packaging on consumer responses to hedonic products by comparing different benefits (i.e., utilitarian and hedonic) of food packaging to understand which one has more impact on consumers’ perceived quality and purchase intention. The results show that both utilitarian and hedonic benefits of retail food packaging are critical predictors of consumer evaluations but play different important roles in determining customers’ reactions. Utilitarian benefits of food packaging impact perceived quality more than hedonic benefits do. Compared to utilitarian benefits, hedonic benefits of retail food packaging have more impact on consumer purchase intention.     

The low effect of perceived risk in the relation between hedonic values and purchase intention

ABSTRACT

This research seeks to identify the influence of perceived risk in the purchase intention environment regarding innovative technological products, and also to understand how brand trust reduces the expected impact of this risk due to the hedonic and utilitarian characteristics influencing purchase intention. Quantitative research was carried out and analysed through structural equation modelling, where the influence of perceived risk on utilitarian value and purchase intention was identified, as well as the influence of brand trust in reducing this risk. The conceptual implications of the study describe as the perceived risk moderates hedonic features less compared to utilitarian features regarding purchase intention, thus demonstrating that emotional relationships are less affected by this risk. The managerial implications suggest that devices with utilitarian characteristics should be more carefully planned according to their brand and complexity, while hedonic products do not require brand trust to guarantee consumers’ purchase intention in the current innovative scenario.     

Uniform pricing effect: The influence of uniform pricing on product value judgement and purchase intention

Uniform pricing, which is a pricing strategy that sets a unified price for all products in the store or all products in the same category, is becoming increasingly popular over the past decades. However, scarce attention has been paid to investigating its impact on consumer behaviour. This research investigates the influence of uniform pricing on product value judgements and purchase intentions. Four studies demonstrate that uniform pricing (vs. non-uniform pricing) could induce stronger promotion perception, which leads to more positive product value judgements and purchase intentions. Moreover, price sensitivity and product involvement moderate this effect, and this effect only exists for high price-sensitive consumers and low product involvement consumers.     

感知质量和感知风险对自有品牌购买意向的影响

在中国,品牌名称和价格能够影响消费者对于自有品牌的感知质量和感知风险,进而影响其购买意向,其中品牌名称的影响要大于价格的影响。零售商在市场策略上,应该更加注重品牌建设,以提高消费者的购买欲望,而不是单纯依靠低价竞争。但是,价格和品牌名称只是最重要的外部因素,未来的研究可以综合考虑更多的外部因素。     

错过价格促销情境下消费者感知价值损失及其对负向购买意愿的影响

文章构建了错过价格促销情境下价格促销类型、促销幅度、感知价值损失和负向购买意愿关系的理论模型.通过2(价格促销类型:直接降价/间接降价)×2(价格促销幅度:大/小)的因子实验设计,研究发现:在错过价格促销情境下,消费者感知价值损失因价格促销的类型不同、幅度不同而有显著差异,价格促销类型和价格促销幅度对消费者感知价值损失有交互作用,消费者感知价值损失对负向购买意愿存在显著的正向影响.     

普通消费者口碑和专家评论对消费者购买决策的影响研究

在线评论作为营销信息中新的要素,已成为当下消费者购买产品或服务时的重要因素。文章根据获得诊断性模型和调节导向理论,引入自我调节导向作为调节变量,探讨在线评论信息源对品牌评价和购买意愿的影响。文章采用情境模拟实验方法,考察了普通消费者口碑和专家评论对消费者的品牌评价和购买意愿具有不同的影响。具体来说当消费者处于促进调节导向时,普通消费者口碑比专家评论更容易使消费者产生良好的品牌评价和购买意愿;当消费者处于预防调节导向时,专家评论比普通消费者口碑更容易使消费者产生良好的品牌评价和购买意愿,其中感知诊断性在这个过程中起到中介作用。文章整合了不同领域的理论,拓宽了不同来源的在线评论对消费者影响的理解力,而且研究结论对网站的营销人员如何管理在线评论有一定的启示意义。     

Consumers’ value perception and value construction: the case of bottled water in the Middle East

This study illustrates how consumers realize the concept of value creation when making quick selections for a commodity in the Saudi market. Data were collected through a self-administered survey to customers; 1,045 completed and usable responses were received and analysed. The proposed model was tested through structural equation modelling using AMOS 22. Results indicate that product design and brand trust affect electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), and product design, brand trust, and e-WOM influence consumers’ value creation. However, e-WOM does not mediate the relationship between product design and consumer value nor does it mediate the relationship between brand trust and consumers’ value creation. This study focused on one product (bottled water). Caution must be exercised in generalization of the results to other products/countries. Theoretically, this study extends the perception of value creation on a commodity and the influence of trust on perceived value. Although this study is based on a sample of Saudi Arabian consumers that is oversampling the age group of young consumers, it extends the rare empirical evidence base on the perception of value creation in the bottled water market, and the influence of trust on perceived value. The results suggest that firms could benefit from altering the design of their bottled water products to create higher perceived value and higher brand trust, differentiating themselves further from competition. The study contributes to the existing literature on consumers’ perceptions of bottled and branded water, taking into account e-WOM communication, and providing rare evidence on brand trust from outside of Europe and North America.     

绿色属性中心性对消费者购买意愿的影响机制研究：产品类型的调节作用与收益感知的中介效应

以往关于产品绿色属性对消费者购买意愿影响的研究尚未达成一致结论。文章通过两个情境实验系统性地探讨了不同产品类型情境下产品绿色属性对消费者购买意愿的影响机制。结果表明,对于享乐型产品,高绿色属性中心性相较于低绿色属性中心性会激发消费者更强烈的购买意愿。对于实用型产品,低绿色属性中心性相较于高绿色属性中心性会激发消费者更强烈的购买意愿。此外,在享乐品情境下,自我表达收益在高绿色属性中心性提升消费者购买意愿的过程中起中介作用;在实用品情境下,环境功利收益在低绿色属性中心性提升消费者购买意愿的过程中起中介作用。     

绿色导向变轨型高技术新产品早期消费者购买意向研究评介及展望

绿色导向变轨型高技术新产品指与产业原来主导产品根本不同且能使产业技术范式和市场范式转入不同轨道,进而破坏性颠覆领先企业竞争地位的高技术产品,专指存在技术和市场两个变轨的高技术新产品,有利于环境保护、生态文明、可持续发展等社会效益的提高。超竞争时代,绿色导向变轨型高技术新产品迎合了社会的发展趋势和消费者的消费趋势,发展绿色导向变轨型高技术新产品成为企业获得竞争优势与实现可持续发展的新途径。因此,有必要深入研究绿色导向变轨型高技术新产品早期营销难题,以促使其尽快成为市场主流产品。比如,应进一步加强消费者购买意向预测研究,以为绿色导向变轨型高技术新产品营销策略的制定提供有效指导;应基于已有相关理论和研究成果,推演GTC新产品早期消费者购买意向构念模型,从理论上识别绿色导向变轨型高技术新产品早期消费者购买意向影响因素,并进行实证检验,为理论框架的应用提供依据;应进行更为深入的比较研究,进一步实证所构建GTC新产品早期消费者购买意向模型的有效性;应深入研究和探讨绿色导向变轨型高技术新产品进入市场的有效模式。     

The Influence of Seller,Auctioneer, and Bidder Factors on Trust in Online Auctions

A growing body of research promotes the importance of trust in the business-to-consumer e-commerce environment. However, there has been little research on consumer trust in the new frontier of consumer-to-consumer (C2C) online auctions. The current study investigates the factors that influence bidders’ trust in online auctions from seller (trust arguments), bidder (disposition to trust), and auctioneer (structural assurance and perceived Web risk) perspectives in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of trust in the C2C environment. Laboratory experiments (manipulating the trust arguments in “about me” page) and online questionnaire surveys (measuring the subjects’ responses regarding structural assurance, perceived risk, disposition to trust, trust, and purchase intention) were conducted to collect necessary data. The results suggest that benevolent sellers significantly influence the trust of bidders. Analysis also finds that structural assurance is the most influential predictor of trust, which significantly influences a buyer's intention to purchase. In addition, disposition to trust is a significant predictor of trusting belief, whereas perceived Web risk does not predict purchase intention.     

Metaphor as Visual Thinking in Advertising and Its Effects: Focus on Brand Familiarity and Product Involvement

One of advertisers' favorite communication techniques is the visual metaphor. In fact, metaphor usage perennially increases in ad images. This study, which looks at consumers with varying levels of brand familiarity and product involvement, investigates how their attitudes and purchase intentions of are influenced by the persuasive effects of visual metaphors in various advertising conditions. The findings reveal that consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions are enhanced more by visual metaphor-based ads than nonmetaphor-based ads when the advertised product is in a low-involvement product category. Nonmetaphorical ads are found to have a more positive influence with high-involvement products than do metaphorical ads. The results show a significant three-way interaction effect. When the advertised product is in a low-involvement product category, visual metaphors lead to favorable brand evaluations and higher purchase intentions in the ads for a low-familiarity brand. However, nonmetaphors are more persuasive than visual metaphors only for the low familiarity brand in a high-involvement product category. Theoretical and practical implications are addressed in the discussion.     

时间间隔何时能够提高在线评论的有用性感知——基于归因理论的视角

文章从归因理论的视角出发,探索了购买与评论间的时间间隔与产品类型（物质性产品Vs体验性产品）如何相互作用以影响评论的有用性感知。通过将产品分为物质性产品和体验性产品,文章运用实验检验了时间间隔对不同产品类型的评论影响作用产生的不同作用。结果表明,对于体验型产品来说,时间间隔近（Vs远）可以提高评论的有用性感知;而对于物质型产品来说,时间间隔近（Vs远）可以降低评论的有用性感知。除此之外,实验结果也证实归因倾向中介于时间间隔与评论有用性感知。但是时间间隔对评论有用性的影响还会受到评论效价的调节,时间间隔只会改变正面评论的有用性感知,但是并不能显著影响负面评论。研究结论有助于深入理解阅读者对在线评论的有用性判断的反应,并为在线零售商提供了一个更好利用和维护在线产品评论提高新的视角。     

Antecedents of Taiwan Chinese Consumers’ Purchase Intentions Toward U.S.- and Japanese-Made Household Appliances

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to understand the factors influencing Taiwan's Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions toward U.S. and Japanese household appliances. The authors attempt to develop and test a comprehensive model linking such purchase intentions to several constructs including Taiwan Chinese consumers’ openness to foreign cultures, consumer nationalism, product familiarity, traditional cultural values orientation, and product-country image. The result of analysis using structural equation modeling shows that consumer nationalism has a strong indirect effect on purchase intention via the product-country image construct. Taiwan Chinese consumers’ traditional cultural values orientation and openness to foreign cultures have direct effects on consumer nationalism and, hence, are important antecedents in explaining the purchase intentions toward foreign-made goods by Taiwan Chinese consumers. With the growing importance of the Chinese domestic market, this study provides international marketing managers with practical implications in important areas such as market segmentation, branding strategy, and market research and practices in the Chinese consumer market.