共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Bryan Caplan 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2008,21(1):45-59
Ludwig von Mises argues that public opinion, not the form of government, is the ultimate determinant of policy. The implication
is that, holding public opinion constant, democracies and dictatorships will have the same policies—a result I call Mises’
Democracy–Dictatorship Equivalence Theorem. According to Mises, dictators have to comply with public opinion or else they
will be overthrown. I argue that he seriously overestimates the power of revolution to discipline dictators. Mises was perceptive
to note that, in practice, “dictatorially imposed” policies are often democratically sustainable, but he neglected several
mechanisms—all more plausible than the threat of revolution—capable of explaining this fact.
相似文献
Bryan CaplanEmail: |
2.
A simple note on herd behaviour 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In his ‘Simple model of herd behaviour’, (Banerjee A (1992) A simple model of herd behaviour. Q J Econ CVII:797–817) shows
that—in a sequential game—if the first two players have chosen the same action, player 3 and all subsequent players will ignore
his/her own information and start a herd, an irreversible one. In this paper, we analyse the role played by the tie-breaking
assumptions in reaching the equilibrium. We show that: players’ strategies are parameter dependent—an incorrect herd may be
reversed; a correct herd is irreversible.
相似文献
Andrea MoroneEmail: |
3.
Alain Marciano 《Constitutional Political Economy》2009,20(1):42-56
This article discusses the methodological foundations of Buchanan’s constitutional political economy. We argue that Buchanan
is a constitutional economist because he is an economist or a political economist. In other words, Buchanan is a constitutional economist—he insists on the necessity
of focusing on constitutions and to analyze the “rules of the social game”—because he defines economics as a science of exchange.
Buchanan’s definition of economics is not only specific, it is also opposed to the definition of economics that other economists
retain and, above all, opposed to the definition of economics that many public choice theorists use. The latter have, in effect,
adopted the Robbins 1932 definition of economics as a science of choice that Buchanan criticizes and rejects. Buchanan’s constitutional
economics can be a branch of public choice only under certain conditions.
相似文献
Alain MarcianoEmail: |
4.
Geoffrey Brennan 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(2):131-143
This paper is an assessment of Besley’s attempt to orchestrate a rapprochement between public choice theory and conventional
public economics—with its characteristic normative orientation towards public policy. In this paper, I first try to set the
Besley enterprise in the context of earlier work—focussing on my own work with Buchanan (The Power to Tax and The Reason of Rules). I then direct attention to three aspects of the Besley enterprise: whether selecting for competence depends on having solved the motivation problem (either by incentive or selection means), how selection mechanisms might be supported institutionally and the possibility
that selection processes might create incentives at the ‘dispositional’ level.
相似文献
Geoffrey BrennanEmail: |
5.
This paper investigates various possible meanings of ‘Social Market Economy’—60 years after its political initiation in Germany.
We focus on the variety of intellectual sources that influenced the formation and interpretation of the concept in Germany
during the first half of the last century. Our particular attention is on Müller-Armack’s definition of a rather dualistic
concept of ‘social’ versus ‘market economy’ and the subtle differences it has with an original (Freiburg School) view of ordo-liberalism
that lends itself more easily to a constitutional economics perspective.
相似文献
Michael Wohlgemuth (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
Gregor Zwirn 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(1):81-107
This paper focuses on Ludwig von Mises’s attempt to establish an epistemological/methodological foundation for the social
sciences (praxeology). I reconstruct Mises’s writings by disentangling the distinct realms of ontology and epistemology in
his arguments. Although Mises’s line of reasoning is squarely based on the distinction between ontology and epistemology,
he nonetheless tends to mix ontological and epistemological viewpoints in his argumentation, thereby clouding the issue involved.
I believe this is one reason why the writings of Mises appear to be so difficult and engendered different as well as competing
readings amongst Austrian economists. Furthermore, this analysis also allows us to assess whether or not Mises offers a sound
theory of knowledge. I conclude that praxeology displays internal tensions and explain the reasons for these tensions.
相似文献
Gregor ZwirnEmail: |
7.
Domenico D’Amico 《Constitutional Political Economy》2007,18(4):301-318
Buchanan’s reflections on monetary issues have been mostly neglected, despite their great interest both per se and for a deeper
understanding of his general constitutional endeavour. We will thus propose a comprehensive assessment of Buchanan’s writings
on this topic, focusing in particular on the different political models that have been developed to argue in favour of constitutional
constraints on the governmental power to create money and on the implications that one can draw from our author’s monetary
papers for the structure and the objectives of his constitutional discourse more generally.
相似文献
Domenico D’AmicoEmail: |
8.
In a haystack-type representation of a heterogeneous population that is evolving according to a payoff structure of a prisoner’s
dilemma game, migration is modeled as a process of ‘swapping’ individuals between heterogeneous groups of constant size after
a random allocation fills the haystacks, but prior to mating. Migration is characterized by two parameters: an exogenous participation-in-migration
cost (of search, coordination, movement, and arrangement-making) which measures the migration effort, and an exogenous technology—of
coordinating and facilitating movement between populated haystacks and the colonization of currently unpopulated haystacks—which
measures the migration intensity. Starting from an initially heterogeneous population that consists of both cooperators and
defectors, a scenario is postulated under which ‘programmed’ migration can act as a mechanism that brings about a long-run
survival of cooperation.
相似文献
Yong WangEmail: |
9.
This paper is organized as follows: first, we show that the reference to the notion of group selection is coherent with the
other parts of Hayek’s thought. Second, we develop the idea that recent works in terms of the emergence and evolution of social
norms corroborate in part Hayek’s theses in this domain. Finally, we put to the fore some drawbacks in Hayek’s approach and
propose means to solve them.
相似文献
Pierre GarrousteEmail: |
10.
The paper constructs an asymmetric information model to investigate the efficiency and equity cases for government mandated benefits. A mandate can improve workers’ insurance, and may also redistribute in favour of more ‘deserving’ workers. The risk is that it may also reduce output. The more diverse are free market contracts—separating the various worker types—the more likely it is that such output effects will on balance serve to reduce welfare. It is shown that adverse effects can be reduced by restricting mandates to larger firms. An alternative to a mandate is direct government provision. We demonstrate that direct government provision has the advantage over mandates of preserving separations.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: Phone: +1-803-7774608Fax: +1-803-7776876 |
11.
Understanding the microenterprise sector to design a tailor-made microfinance policy for Cape Verde 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
José A. G. Baptista Joaquim J. S. Ramalho J. Vidigal da Silva 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2006,5(3):225-241
Two of the central challenges faced by Cape Verde at the present are the high level of unemployment and the increasing proportion of the population living in (relative) poverty. Microenterprise development can be an effective means of addressing both problems in a developing country like Cape Verde, where microenterprises account for about 50% of employment. In this paper we provide a detailed profile of Cape Verdean microenterprises and microentrepreneurs and investigate the relationship between their characteristics and the resort to outside seed capital. We find a cluster of factors—the microentrepreneur’s age, gender, level of education and reason for being self-employed—which influence significantly the probability of being in need for external start-up capital. The policy implications of these findings for the design of a specific microfinance program for Cape Verde are discussed.
相似文献
J. Vidigal da Silva (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Pierre Garrouste 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2008,21(4):251-269
This paper presents an analysis of the way the Austrian theory of institutions evolved from Menger’s main works. It also tries
to advance the idea that the economics of institutions, when it deals with the emergence and evolution of rules and norms
from interacting individuals, is inspired by Menger’s work and more generally by the Austrian analysis of the emergence and
evolution of institutions. Recent works in the economics of institutions build on this earlier Austrian work to make it more
formalized and testable.
相似文献
Pierre GarrousteEmail: |
13.
Economic integration and similarity in trade structures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper, we look at the similarity of the trade structures toward the EU market between four CEECs and the EU15. We
evaluate the appropriateness of different indices to compare export flows—correlation indices and distance metrics—opting
for the use of the Bray-Curtis semi-metric. We examine both how the export composition of a country has changed over time
and how the export composition has changed with respect to the EU15 export composition. Finally, we test if the dynamics of
sectoral distribution of the CEECs’ exports is related to the role acquired by processed trade in the 1990s. We give evidence
that processed trade is crucial in explaining changes in the overall structure of exports of transition countries, and that
greater economic integration in terms of trade flows and processing trade does not always lead to greater export similarity.
相似文献
Lucia TajoliEmail: |
14.
This paper uses a human capital earnings equation to quantify administrative corruption in the public sector. Regression analyses
are conducted based on information from surveys administered to public officials in Albania. After accounting for officials’
characteristics, e.g., schooling, experience, gender, type of agency, and public and private sectors’ features, we deduce
that the administrative corruption was on average 2.6× the officials’ current salary in Albania, which is equivalent to 16.7%
of the country’s GDP.
相似文献
Omer GokcekusEmail: |
15.
Mark Jackson 《Constitutional Political Economy》2008,19(2):148-157
Thomas P. M. Barnett argues that globalization’s spread presents the United States and other liberal democracies with two
unprecedented national-security problems, and proposes an ambitious military strategy for their solution. This work argues
that a successful strategy to solve one of these problems must also include rational policy, public policy that makes Adam
Smith’s simple system of natural liberty a reality. Thus, Barnett’s military strategy and rational policy become complementary
elements of a more comprehensive strategy to solve this national-security problem. Knowledge that Smith’s simple system of
natural liberty moves the world toward peace can create a need for rational policy among voters.
相似文献
Mark JacksonEmail: |
16.
The recent period of intensive and extensive development of global economic integration, or globalization, has reached a crossroads.
The regime of the neoliberal Great Capitalist Restoration is not sustainable and fundamental governance changes must be made.
This paper adds perspective to the choices that must be made at this critical juncture of the global social economy by applying
the master concepts of Schumpeter’s Creative Destruction and Polanyi’s Protective Response.
相似文献
James Ronald StanfieldEmail: |
17.
On the distribution of product price and quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alex Coad 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2009,19(4):589-604
We investigate the structure of demand by focusing on the distribution of prices within narrowly-defined classes of goods.
We observe considerable heterogeneity—products that are functionally similar but presumably of different ‘quality’ may sell
at very different prices. We analyze distribution of prices for bottles of wine, used cars, houses in London and week-long
holidays in Majorca, and observe in each case that the the resulting distribution is more skewed than the lognormal but less
skewed than a Pareto distribution. We then present a theoretical model whereby products can distinguish themselves along multiple
hedonic dimensions of ‘performance’, with these product attributes being random variables subject to multiplicative interactions.
Variations of this model can reproduce a lognormal price distribution and a Pareto distribution as lower and upper bound benchmarks
(respectively).
相似文献
Alex CoadEmail: |
18.
Price-setting behavior of Austrian firms 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper explores nominal rigidities by investigating price-setting behavior of Austrian firms based on survey evidence.
Distinguishing between two stages of price setting—first the price reviewing phase and second the price changing phase—our
results suggest that the main obstacles to price flexibility lie on the second stage. Our main result is that firms postpone
price adjustments, because they are afraid to antagonize customers with frequent price changes. Thus, customer relationships
- especially those with consumers—are a major source of price stickiness in the Austrian economy.
相似文献
Josef Baumgartner (Corresponding author)Email: |
19.
Niclas Berggren 《Constitutional Political Economy》2009,20(2):139-159
In the main, Hayek favored rules that apply equally to all and located such rules in tradition, beyond conscious construction.
This led Hayek to attack Keynes’s immoralism, i.e., the position that one should be free to choose how to lead one’s life
irrespective of the informal institutions in place. However, it is argued here that immoralism may be compatible with Hayek’s
enterprise since Hayek misinterpreted Keynes, who did not advocate the dissolving of all informal rules for everybody. By
avoiding this misinterpretation, immoralism can be seen as institutional experimentation at the margin, which Hayek himself
favored.
相似文献
Niclas BerggrenEmail: |
20.
Lefteris Tsoulfidis 《International Review of Economics》2009,56(1):29-45
The widespread idea among economists is that monopolistic or imperfect competition is a set of realistic models that were
invented in the 1930s and their purpose was to fill the gap between the polar and, at the same time, hypothetical models of
perfect competition and pure monopoly. The main argument of this paper is that the monopolistic competition revolution set
in motion a reaction—partly driven by methodological considerations, partly ideological—that ultimately led to the restoration
of perfect competition, as the benchmark for evaluating market outcomes. In the end, monopolistic competition eclipsed, and
perfect competition from the fridges of economic analysis that was up until the 1920s was placed to the very core of microeconomic
model-building.
相似文献
Lefteris TsoulfidisEmail: |