碳排放权交易、企业绿色创新与全要素生产率

基于2011—2019年碳排放权交易试点企业的面板数据,运用双重差分模型与中介效应模型实证检验碳排放权交易对企业全要素生产率的影响,并剖析绿色创新在其中发挥的作用。结果表明,碳排放权交易显著促进了企业全要素生产率的提升,且绿色创新在碳交易与全要素生产率提升方面发挥了中介作用。因此应加快全国统一碳排放权交易市场建设,激励企业加大绿色技术研发投入,以绿色创新驱动高质量发展。     

环境规制、融资约束与企业绿色创新——来自长三角制造业的经验证据

对2013—2018年181家企业环境规制、融资约束和企业绿色创新的关系进行实证分析。研究发现：地方加强环境规制能够显著提高企业绿色创新能力，融资约束对企业绿色创新具有抑制作用；融资约束在环境规制与企业绿色创新关系中起到显著的负向调节效应，削弱了环境规制对企业绿色创新的正向影响。异质性分析表明：融资约束对国有企业绿色创新具有抑制作用；而对于非国有企业具有正向激励作用，但调节效应不再显著。根据研究结论，利用利益相关者理论，分别从政府、金融机构、企业自身角度提出相关的对策。     

绿色金融对企业绿色创新绩效的影响——基于风险承担视角

绿色创新是助力经济发展绿色转型的重要战略工具, 绿色金融如何作用于企业绿色创新是学术界备受关注的问题。以2011—2022年全部A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验地区绿色金融的发展对企业绿色创新绩效的影响,并从风险承担视角出发验证作用机制。研究发现,地区绿色金融的发展能显著提升企业绿色创新绩效,作用机制在于地区绿色金融的发展可以通过提高企业风险承担水平,增强企业创新动机和意愿,进而促进企业开展绿色创新。异质性分析表明,绿色金融对企业绿色创新绩效的正向影响在国有企业和东部地区企业中更为显著。     

税收优惠对企业创新的影响——基于先进制造业企业的实证分析

正确评价税收政策对先进制造业企业创新的影响具有重要意义。以2010—2019年中国A股先进制造业上市公司为研究样本,实证考察税收优惠与先进制造业企业创新的关系。研究发现：税收优惠对于先进制造业企业的创新具有激励效应,与所得税优惠相比,增值税优惠激励作用更为明显;区域异质性分析发现增值税优惠激励先进制造业企业创新呈现中、东、西部递减的状态,所得税优惠激励创新呈现东、西、中递减的状态。为提高税收优惠政策对于先进制造业企业创新的激励效应,提出完善税收优惠政策的建议。     

固定支付方式下ICT推动节能减排的策略研究

ICT推动工业企业节能减排,实现绿色低碳发展,需要ICT低碳技术研发商、工业企业和政府的协同努力。考虑研发商和工业企业面对的研发和市场不确定性,分析二者通过固定支付方式合作时各自的最优投入,给出政府的激励和监管策略。研究表明ICT低碳技术研发商的最优投入与工业企业的买断费用、政府的资金资助和惩罚力度有关,而工业企业的最优投入仅与政府的税收优惠有关。增加买断费用或政府资金资助和惩罚,能够激励ICT低碳技术研发商提高其最优投入;增加政府税收优惠能够提高工业企业的最优投入;但需合理设置买断费用和政府经费资助的首期拨付比例以防范ICT低碳技术研发商的道德风险。     

绿色民航发展的三方演化博弈研究

为推动我国民航绿色发展，实现碳达峰、碳中和目标，通过构建政府、机场企业和民航运输企业三方的演化博弈模型，研究不同情境下各方的稳定演化策略。数值仿真分析了关键参数变化对主体策略的影响。研究发现，政府的激励措施和惩罚力度能促进绿色发展，但补贴过高或过低不利于民航运输企业绿色策略。因此，根据机场企业和民航运输企业成本结构，建议政府制定差异化激励政策，有助于实现绿色民航的可持续发展。     

市场导向的绿色国防科技创新体系机理与路径研究

碳达峰和碳中和是绿色技术创新体系的重要内容，也是绿色国防科技创新体系构建的重要内容。绿色国防科技创新体系具有进度紧迫性、市场导向性、双重导向性以及调控机制的复杂性等特殊属性，需要坚持市场导向来推动绿色国防科技创新体系构建。强调市场导向的绿色国防科技创新体系内在机理就是要借助市场的供求机制、竞争机制和价格机制来优化企业绿色国防科技创新活动的效率，面对市场失灵的现实情况，要从绿色技术、绿色产业和绿色金融3个维度进行考量，推动创新链、产业链和资金链“无缝衔接，有机融合”。构建高效的绿色国防科技创新体系要克服制约因素，加强绿色创新思想引导与目标引领，建立满足市场需求的绿色技术供给体系，推动绿色国防科技创新成果转化，加强绿色国防知识产权保护，创造良好的绿色国防科技创新环境。     

Accounting and determinants analysis of China's provincial total factor productivity considering carbon emissions

One of the most undesirable output of China's rapid economic growth has been increasing carbon emissions. This study measures and analyzes the impact of carbon emissions on China's regional total factor productivity from 2000 to 2017. Using global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity indexes, we re-estimate the provincial total factor productivity taking carbon emission into account, comparing different assumptions of returns to scale and considering the rank reverse issue. The differences of technical progress and efficiency change across Chinese regional economies are also investigated and we found that the former was the primary contributor to improved Chinese provincial productivity performance. In addition, we analyze the influencing factors of productivity based on provincial panel data. Our results indicate that innovation capacity, energy and employment structure had significant impact on the provincial productivities while urbanization had a negative impact. A more sustainable development can be expected by expanding regional investment in R&D, adjusting and optimizing structures of regional industries and energies.     

工业企业社会责任、市场关注与绿色技术创新——基于企业规模的调节作用

为探究工业企业社会责任、市场关注度、企业规模与绿色技术创新的内在联系，基于2013—2020年A股上市的工业企业面板数据进行分析，研究结果显示，工业企业社会责任对绿色技术创新的影响存在正向效应，其中市场关注度发挥正向中介效应，企业规模能够强化企业社会责任对绿色技术创新的促进作用，为促进工业企业绿色技术创新提供新的视角和经验证据，也为“双碳”目标的实现提供一定的政策启示。     

Dynamic Scoring in a Romer‐Style Economy

This article analyzes how changes in tax rates affect government revenue in a Romer‐style endogenous growth model. Lower tax rates on financial income (returns to physical capital and intellectual property) are partially self‐financing primarily because lower financial income taxes stimulate innovation and enhance labor productivity in the long run. In the baseline calibration, about half of a tax cut is self‐financing in the long run, substantially more than in the Ramsey model. The dynamics of the economy's response to a tax cut are very sluggish and, for some variables, nonmonotonic.     

论激励自主创新的财税政策

财税政策作为国家主要宏观调控手段之一,对自主创新有巨大推动作用。当前,我国激励自主创新的财税政策存在优惠目标不科学、优惠范围偏小、激励针对性不强、导向作用不突出、立法层次不高等问题,我们可以通过系统设计财税政策目标、切实调整财税政策重心、实行多样化税收优惠方式、完善相关财税政策的法律体系等措施来解决。     

The economic policy uncertainty and the choice of entry mode of outward foreign direct investment: Cross-border M&A or Greenfield Investment

The paper investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the choice of entry mode of enterprises' Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI). Based on a framework of heterogeneous enterprises, this paper first theoretically investigates the impact mechanism. The theoretical predictions are then empirically tested using rich micro-level data of Chinese enterprises from 2000 to 2013. The empirical results show that economic policy uncertainty has a significant effect on the entry mode choice of Chinese OFDI. Specifically, when the economic policy uncertainty decreases, enterprises choose Cross-border mergers and acquisitions mode with higher propensity than the Greenfield investments mode of OFDI. Further analysis indicates that the impact is heterogeneous based on ownership type, region, factor intensity, productivity level, financing abilities, and host country development level. Statistical robustness checks strengthen our findings. Our study has implications for researchers and government policymakers, especially in developing economies similar to China. The results could help device policies that encourage enterprises to choose a specific mode of ODFI. The study also provides novel insights for Chinese enterprises to "go out" and the Chinese economy to realize high-quality development.     

Carbon capture and storage investment strategy towards the dual carbon goals

This paper develops a real option model combined with the Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the impact of the “dual carbon goals” on the CCS investment timing in China. The trajectory of CO₂ prices is predicted to follow a geometric Brownian motion with jump. The CO₂ prices are predicted on the basis of three scenarios: high, medium, and low shocks, respectively. Furthermore, the real option method is adopted to derive the appropriate incentive schemes and corresponding target CO₂ prices that sustain CCS operations to assist China’s dual carbon goals. Notably, portfolios of two government incentive policies are compared, including clean electricity tariff and carbon tax. The results show that building an efficient national carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) is crucial to catalyzing the deployment of CCS technology, shortening the waiting time of CCS investment to 5.9 years at best. Government incentives could further bring the threshold CO₂ prices down and the expected waiting time of CCS investment forward.     

税收优惠对区域创新效率的影响效应——以云贵川渝为例

运用2009—2021年云贵川渝相关数据,采用系统GMM方法对税收优惠激励区域创新效率的效应进行实证分析,并就经济发展水平展开异质性分析,实证结果表明,税收优惠能显著提升云贵川渝地区的创新效率;经济发达地区,税收优惠的创新激励效果更明显,经济欠发达地区,税收优惠对区域创新效率无显著影响。根据实证分析得出的结论,提出相应的政策建议,完善税收优惠政策、制定差异化的税收优惠政策等。     

女性高管对企业研发创新的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

企业创新是企业持续发展的内在动力,也是推动国家产业升级、建设创新型国家的重要举措.近年来女性高管比重不断提高,学术界开始关注女性高管对企业研发创新的影响.以沪深两市2010—2018年A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验女性高管对企业研发创新投入的影响.结果表明:女性高管负向影响企业研发创新投入;其负向作用以风险承担为中介实现;企业所有制调节了中介过程的后半段路径.     

纳税信用评级制度与企业创新——“赏善”比“罚恶”更有效？

前期研究证实纳税稽查、反避税等强制性税收征管可以规范企业纳税行为,对企业产生"约束效应",而不同于以往的强制性税收征管,纳税信用评级制度具有一定的激励性。由此,文章以2014年颁布实施的纳税信用评级制度刻画了激励性税收征管,基于这一新的视角,分析了激励性税收征管对企业创新投资的影响。利用2010-2017年沪深A股上市企业研发支出数据,文章采用PSM-DID模型估计了激励性税收征管对企业创新投资影响的"净效应"。结果表明,纳税信用评级制度实施后,纳税信用等级为A的企业,其创新投资显著增加,且这一效应在媒体关注程度低的企业、非国有企业及高新技术企业中更加明显。进一步的作用机制检验发现,激励性税收征管一方面通过增加信贷融资规模进而对企业的创新投资产生积极作用,另一方面通过增加市场关注压力进而对企业的创新投资带来负面影响,但由于积极作用要远大于负面影响,从而激励性税收征管表现出对企业创新投资的"激励效应"。     

Discounting according to Output Type

Federal discount rate policies advocate both a high rate representing the marginal productivity of capital and a low rate representing the government borrowing rate. These differential discount rate policies could be inconsistent and biased in favor of projects on which the lower discount rate is applied. This paper shows that the coexistence of different discount rates may be appropriate, depending on the type of project output. When a project's outputs are perfect substitutes for private consumption, both its costs and benefits should be discounted using the marginal productivity of capital. However, if the project's outputs are separable in the utility function, the benefits should be discounted using the net (of tax) rate of return.     

财政补贴对企业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于新结构经济学理论

基于新结构经济学理论，以2016—2021年沪深A股非金融类上市公司为样本，实证研究财政补贴对企业全要素生产率的影响。结果表明，适度的财政补贴能够激励企业提高全要素生产率，高强度的财政补贴反而会抑制企业全要素生产率的提升，两者之间呈现出一种“倒U形”关系；进一步研究发现，市场竞争强度的提高不仅能够加深财政补贴与企业全要素生产率之间的“倒U形”关系，还会推迟倒U型关系拐点的到来。     

Trapped Cash and the Profitability of Foreign Acquisitions

Current U.S. reporting and tax laws create an incentive for some U.S. firms to avoid the repatriation of foreign earnings, as the U.S. government charges additional corporate taxes on these transfers. Prior research suggests that the combined effect of these incentives leads some U.S. multinational corporations to hold a significant amount of cash overseas. In this study, we investigate the effect of cash trapped overseas on U.S. multinational corporations' foreign acquisitions. Consistent with expectations, we observe firms with high levels of trapped cash make less profitable acquisitions of foreign target firms using cash consideration (lower announcement window returns, lower buy and hold returns, decreased ROA). The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (AJCA) reduced this effect by allowing firms to repatriate foreign earnings held as cash abroad at a much lower tax cost. Our study has implications for current proposals to change the tax laws related to foreign earnings.     

企业数字化转型对绿色技术创新效率的影响机制研究——有中介的调节效应模型

基于2015—2021年中国A股上市公司的数据,采用固定效应模型、中介模型和有中介变量中介的调节效应模型,实证分析数字化转型对企业绿色创新效率的影响机制,重点探讨动态能力的中介作用和ESG的调节作用。研究结果表明,数字化转型显著促进企业绿色创新效率,且ESG的调节效应部分通过中介变量动态能力起作用,即存在有中介的调节效用;、相较于非高科技企业,高科技企业数字化转型对提高企业绿色创新效率更加显著;、不同区位企业数字化转型对绿色创新效率影响存在差异,效率提升程度中部＞东部＞西部。