Understanding the investment of renewable energy firms in the face of economic policy uncertainty – Micro-evidence from listed companies in China

With the development of renewable energy, the current support for China's renewable energy industry has gradually shifted from “helping its development and expansion” to “helping it resists systemic risks and strengthens market competition”. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study how the strategic investment of renewable energy companies is affected by economic policy uncertainty. This paper first robustly explores the non-linear relationship between strategic investment and economic policy uncertainty of Chinese renewable energy enterprises. Then from the three perspectives of the relationship between the government and renewable energy enterprises, the characteristics of renewable energy enterprises, the response of the product market and financial market to renewable energy, this paper innovatively explores how different dimensions will adjust the non-linear relationship between strategic investment of renewable energy enterprises and economic policy uncertainty. The analysis in this paper closely relies on the characteristics of the renewable energy industry at this stage, so our conclusion can provide a reference for the government to formulate the development plan of renewable energy enterprises scientifically and prudently.     

低碳技术下边际减排成本与工业经济的双赢

低碳技术是低碳经济转型发展的核心动力。本文设计了一个基于方向性距离函数的低碳行为分析模型（LCAAM）来对广东地区工业在2000-2010年间低碳技术下边际减排成本与工业经济的双赢发展进行分析,研究发现：低碳技术可以实现碳排放减少的同时增加工业产值,且低碳技术越强,双赢也就越大;强低碳技术比弱低碳技术更具有较低减排成本的优势,这在经济较为不发达的地区更为明显,以较低的减排成本是可以实现双赢的,并有利于生产率和技术进步等的提升。同时,本文结果也说明了适宜且严格的环境管制政策为低碳经济转型发展提供了强有力的保障。     

全球制造业传统与环境生产率变化及收敛性的比较论证

文章旨在通过2000-2009年期间数据研究制造业在全球经济体以及不同行业之间传统生产率以及能源生产率的变化趋势以及收敛特征。相比于传统生产率,在核算能源生产率过程中纳入了二氧化碳排放量等非期望型产出。分别采用DEA-Malmquist以及Global Malmquist Luenberger指数法测算两类生产率指数并进行比较分析,进而对分经济体以及分行业两类生产率进行了收敛性的检验。研究指出制造业在经济体之间以及行业之间的δ收敛特征均不明显,但除了重工业的传统生产率,其他分经济体以及分行业之间两类生产率都存在显著的绝对β收敛以及条件β收敛。总体上能源效率的收敛速度低于传统效率,但在不同行业及经济体之间,收敛的态势与表现存在较大的差异。     

Efficiency vs. equity as China's national carbon market meets provincial electricity markets

Emissions reduction in the electricity sector is critical in achieving China's carbon neutrality target. While a national carbon trading market that covers the electricity sector has been established, its effectiveness depends on how this sector evolves into being a more integrated market. This study evaluated the impact of China's electricity market integration on the cost-effectiveness of carbon pricing. An integrated (regional electricity market) and a segmented (provincial electricity market) market scenario were used to identify possible reform paths going forward. Using high-frequency datasets of the five southern provinces in 2018, we assessed the impact of electricity market integration on the abatement potential and cost-effectiveness of carbon pricing. We found that carbon prices need to be as high as 200 yuan/ton to begin achieving overall carbon reduction. In this context, the regional market is more cost-effective in reducing emissions than the provincial one, as the abatement costs are saved by around 60% compared to the latter under the same emission reduction targets. However, the regional market may also raise potential equity issues. The provincial-level distribution of carbon emission reductions, as well as the withdrawal of coal power, are more concentrated in the regional market than in the provincial one, which indicates an inequitable social-economic-environmental impacts of market integration. Our research findings would help to improve policymakers' understanding of the interaction between carbon pricing and electricity market reforms. This would then assist them in coordinating an effective design of both the carbon and electricity markets, in addition to supporting China's carbon neutrality target.     

中国工业碳排放与经济增长的关系研究——基于STIRPAT模型

文章基于改进的STIRPAT模型,以1995-2010年按碳排放特征分组的中国工业面板数据为样本,实证研究了我国工业碳排放与经济增长关系及其主要影响因素。研究结果表明:中国碳排放与经济增长关系具有U型曲线特征,拐点处的经济产出高排放强度行业低于低排放强度行业。资本存量对工业碳排放的正向影响作用大于劳动力总量,科研投入有利于高排放强度行业减排,化石能源结构调整不能促进工业减排。     

中国高新技术产业研发资本存量和研发产出效率

本文运用中国高新技术产业的面板数据，在测算研发资本存量的基础上．构建了柯布一道格拉斯型研发生产函数．研究了研发生产的要素投入问题、研发生产的性质及其相关影响因素。研究发现：（1）在我国高新技术产业研发生产中，研发资本的贡献高于研发人员的贡献，研发生产过程表现出规模报酬递增的特征；（2）外资产权、企业规模对研发产出效率呈显著正效用；国有产权、以企业数为指标的市场结构以及绩效（利润和税收）对研发产出效率呈显著负效用：（3）我国国有及国有控股高新技术企业产权清晰度较高．对研发产出效率负面影响较小；法制不健全、政策不稳定等外部因素对我国高新技术产业研发产出效率负面影响较大。     

由CER产品性质探究我国碳交易发展

低碳经济作为世界经济发展的新方向,越来越受到人们关注。中国作为目前世界上最大的CDM供应方,碳交易市场潜力巨大。本文通过对于CDM交易中CER产品的价值、价格、风险分析,针对我国碳交易发展,提出加强赤道银行建设、增强产品异质性、提高议价能力、摆脱产业链下游地位、开创衍生品市场等对策,其根本目的是加快研发环保减排技术、提高国民节能环保意识、增强我国在国际市场上的话语权。     

文化产业集聚对绿色经济效率的空间溢出效应

采用2013-2021 年我国30 个省市的面板数据,运用非期望产出的Super-SBM 模型测算区域绿色经济效率,分别在经济地理嵌套矩阵和经济距离空间权重矩阵下,运用空间杜宾模型来检验文化产业集聚及空间溢出效应对绿色经济效率的影响。结果表明：文化产业集聚能够明显提升本区域绿色经济效率,对邻近地区存在正空间溢出但效果并不显著;在文化产业不同集聚模式下,专业化集聚对本地和邻地绿色经济效率均具有积极影响,而多样化集聚对本地和邻地绿色经济效率的影响均显著为负;异质性检验表明,文化产业集聚对绿色经济效率的综合效应在我国中西部地区和文化制造业、文化批发和零售业的表现更明显。基于研究结论,提出加强产业集群的建设、促进文化产业与其他产业深度融合、完善文化产业集群的制度环境和竞争机制以及加强区域间的产业联动的政策建议。     

安徽省分行业工业企业低碳投入产出效率评价

以2012年安徽省39个行业为研究对象,将碳排放量引入工业企业投入产出效率评价体系,运用DEA模型对安徽省分行业工业企业低碳投入产出效率进行实证分析。研究发现:安徽省分行业工业企业低碳投入产出效率水平总体较低;纯技术效率提升是提高各行业低碳投入产出效率的关键;轻工业低碳投入产出效率的提高对于整体综合效率水平的提高具有重大影响。为安徽省分行业工业企业低碳投入产出效率水平的提升提供了理论支撑。     

基于平准化电力成本模型的屋顶式并网光伏经济性实证研究

基于平准化电力成本(LCOE)计量模型,以屋顶式并网光伏为研究对象,综合考虑光伏发电的经济成本、环境成本,并定量评估了污染物减排的环境成本以及预期可实现的碳排放收益,将其引入LCOE计量模型.通过优化后的LCOE计量模型进行实证研究,得到了在考虑环境因素、碳交易市场条件下的光伏LCOE.进而进行光伏和火电LCOE的对比分析和影响光伏LCOE的敏感性分析,发现在考虑环境因素、碳交易等因素时光伏发电相比火电具有明显优势,且系统单位造价及太阳辐照量对光伏LCOE的影响程度较大.最后提出了降低光伏发电投资成本、利用数字化技术赋能光伏产业和完善碳排放交易市场的政策建议,实现有效提高光伏发电经济性的目的并为在碳中和背景下发展屋顶式光伏提供参考.     

基于公平原则的航空公司碳排放配额分配研究

民航碳排放问题因增速快、减排困难等原因,受到全球的广泛关注。将民航业纳入碳市场,不仅可以促进技术创新,还能加快实现“双碳”目标。在此背景下,基于公平原则对中国航空公司碳排放配额的分配进行研究,为建立中国民航碳市场提供理论基础。结合祖父原则和支付能力原则的利弊,构建多目标规划模型,并以10家较有影响力的航空公司为例进行分配。结果表明,中国航空公司若要达到民航“十四五”发展规划要求还需采取一定的减排措施。     

相关市场条件下国际寡头的策略行为及福利效应研究

本文在古诺双头模型的框架内分析了市场风险和相关因素对国际寡头策略行为和福利水平的影响。与传统模型不同,本文假设各国市场具有潜在相关的随机需求,且出口企业具有风险规避的态度,并利用博弈模型研究了市场风险和相关因子对成本竞争力优势形成的产出效应及国际寡头间串谋行为的影响。本文的推论表明:风险相关市场上贸易竞争形成的国家福利低于需求确定条件下的水平,然而,较之无贸易的情况却会形成更高的消费者剩余和社会福利水平,而企业利润水平的相对高低则取决于企业的市场风险态度、市场相关性系数和风险系数的特定组合。     

开放经济条件下中资保险业的SCP分析

本文运用产业组织理论的“结构—行为—绩效”即S-C-P分析范式,对开放经济条件下我国中资保险业的市场结构、企业行为和市场绩效及其变化进行了分析,并进一步提出了促进中资保险业发展的政策性建议。     

Evidence of Industry Scale Effects on Audit Hours,Billing Rates,and Pricing

Using a proprietary data set consisting of all private firm audit engagements in 2000 from one Big 4 firm in Belgium, we investigate (i) whether audit office industry scale is associated with a reduction of total, partner, and staff audit hours and thus with efficiency gains triggered by organizational learning from servicing more clients in an industry and (ii) whether the extent of efficiency pass‐on from the auditor to its clients depends on the audit firm's market power. We find that auditor office industry scale is associated with efficiency gains and a reduction of the variable costs (i.e., fewer total audit hours, partner hours, and staff hours), ceteris paribus. Our results also suggest that, on average, realized efficiencies are entirely passed on, as evidenced by a nonsignificant effect of auditor industry scale on the auditor's billing rate. Furthermore, we find that the extent of the efficiency pass‐on decreases with the market power of the audit firm in the industry market segment as we document a higher billing rate for auditors with high market power (versus low market power). In addition, we find that the lower audit hours associated with auditor industry scale do not compromise audit quality.     

减排与增长:服务业如何实现绿色均衡发展?

服务业是中国经济转型和产业结构升级的重要抓手,在资源与环境"双重"约束日益趋紧的背景下,有必要研究服务业绿色发展问题。能否在减排成本最小的前提下提高服务业增长率,走出一条绿色发展路径?为此,文章创新性地将排放权交易市场引入服务业部门,采用方向性距离函数、非线性规划等实证研究方法测算2004-2012年中国服务业14个细分行业的绿色效率和碳排放影子价格。研究表明:中国服务业发展方式并非"绿色",服务业减排成本和碳排放量逐年增长,减排面临巨大的经济压力;在文章设计的排放权交易模型下,服务业细分行业能够形成一个统一的影子价格,从而实现一条绿色发展路径,该路径满足帕累托有效和投入产出技术有效;在均衡路径上,流通服务业应出售排放权,而其他减排成本较高的服务业购买排放权。     

The hit of the novel coronavirus outbreak to China's economy

Broke out at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has been spreading throughout the world, leading to more than 87 million confirmed infections and 1.88 million fatalities. Motivated by this, we evaluate the economic impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on both national and industrial levels by employing quarterly computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Our results reveal that the epidemic may lower China's economic growth in 2020 by 3.5%, versus 4.4% for final consumption (relative to baseline). The service industry suffers the most from the outbreak, and the Accommodation-Food-Beverage service, Wholesale-Retail Trade, and Transport-Storage-Post are identified as the most vulnerable sectors, with the negative impact on output reaching as high as 14.6%. When moving to 2021, the hit to economy shrinks to 2% (1.2–2.7%), with industry estimated to be the most affected sector instead. This study indicates that implementing effective measures for preventing and controlling the epidemic and policies for post-disease economic recovery play critical role in curbing the potential economic damage.     

发展我国森林碳汇市场的政策研究

森林碳汇市场也是碳交易市场上的新兴市场,潜力很大。本文通过对碳汇政策的研究,借鉴国际上森林碳汇项目和市场的经验,分析我国目前森林碳汇项目和碳汇交易市场发展现状、存在问题。提出我国在京都规则和非京都规则下发展森林碳汇市场的政策建议。     

Effects of foreign and domestic economic policy uncertainty shocks on South Korea

This paper investigates the effects of foreign and domestic economic policy uncertainty shocks on South Korea via structural VARs. The results show that both foreign and domestic policy uncertainty shocks exert negative and significant impacts on South Korea. Foreign economic policy uncertainty shocks are found to be more dominant than domestic economic policy uncertainty shocks in influencing the Korean output. The results also indicate that economic policy uncertainty that originates from foreign countries is a significant source of disturbance to the Korean economy, but domestic policy uncertainty plays a rather limited role in explaining Korean business fluctuations.     

转变经济发展方式背景下高新区发展战略转型研究

高新区在转变经济发展方式中具有经济发展强劲、高新技术产业集群规模显著、科技创新和人才资源聚集等优势。转变经济发展方式既需要高新区的带动和加速,又是高新区应有的历史使命。文章认为,在转变经济发展方式的背景下,高新区应随转变经济发展方式的要求调整发展定位;构建科技创新体系,强化转变经济发展方式的内生动力;优化产业发展模式,增强转变经济发展方式的带动力。     

中国企业“逆周期”跨国并购研究

"新常态"经济周期中,中国企业跨国并购有何特征?从经济政策频繁波动的现实出发,如何理解跨国并购的"逆周期"成因?文章基于2001-2016年中国企业对91个国家的跨国并购数据,实证检验了经济周期、经济政策不确定性对跨国并购的影响,得出以下结论：首先,中国企业的跨国并购具有显著的"逆周期"特征,下行经济周期加剧了并购规模提升;其次,经济政策不确定性与跨国并购正相关,并且在国有企业中和2008年金融危机后表现为更明显;最后,经济政策不确定性差距以及市场增长潜力差距均提升了并购规模。