我国农业自然灾害的风险管理问题

我国是农业自然灾害最严重的国家之一,农业自然灾害的发生及损失的扩大严重影响农业的可持续发展和社会稳定;同时,我国农业基础较为脆弱,农业灾害风险的管理能力和水平较低。在对我国农业灾害风险管理进行较为全面深入的考察基础上,结合国外农业灾害管理的经验和模式,提出我国农业自然灾害风险管理的政策和措施,促进农业的可持续发展和农村经济的稳定。     

Risks and returns in international currency futures

Conclusion This paper analyzed the risk/return level of international currency futures traded on International Monetary Market of Chicago during 1972–1977 period. The empirical results indicate that relative risk and returns for each currency future studied are both close to zero during the sample period. The fact that the beta value for currency futures is close to zero implies its returns are uncorrelated with the market portfolio. Therefore, investors can reduce the risk level of their total portfolio significantly by adding currency futures.     

影响我国农产品期货市场效率的期货公司因素与对策

为了进一步促进我国农产品期货市场的完善与发展,提高我国农产品期货市场的效率,对影响我国农产品期货市场效率的期货公司因素进行了具体分析。指出当前我国农产品期货公司存在规模小,竞争力低、业务单一、功能简单、缺乏多级代理机制等问题。提出创新涉农期货公司业务范围,做大做强以农产品为特色的期货公司,从而提高涉农期货公司的竞争力等具体政策建议。     

Emerging Impact of Chinese Commodity Futures Market on Domestic and Global Economy

In this paper we construct a set of indices that capture the special features of the Chinese commodity futures market for the period from January 2000 to December 2011 to analyze the general properties of China＇s commodity futures market. Using these indices we investigate the risk premiums of Chinese commodity futures and verify that the commodity futures can act as an effective diversification tool for Chinese asset management. It is found that the commodity futures can hedge both expected and unexpected inflation in China, and agricultural commodity futures are found to signal inflation 2 months beforehand. Finally, we explore the relationship between Chinese and US commodity futures markets in the years 2000 and 2010, and find that their interactions strengthen over time. Our research reveals an increasingly important role of the Chinese commodity futures market in both the domestic and the global economy. Some policy changes are suggested in response to this trend.     

建设郑州高水平农业期货价格中心研究

本文对建设郑州高水平农业期货价格中心的意义、国际经验、现状与问题、路径与政策进行了研究分析。首先介绍了郑州建设高水平农业期货价格中心的重要意义,随后指出了郑州建立高水平农业期货价格中心的有利条件和主要问题,最后提出了建设路径与有关的政策建议。     

The futures premium and rice market efficiency in prewar Japan

This article studies the interrelation between spot and futures prices in the two major rice markets in prewar Japan from the perspective of market efficiency. Applying a non‐Bayesian time‐varying model approach to the fundamental equation for spot returns and the futures premium, we detect when efficiency reductions in the two major rice markets occurred. We also examine how government interventions affected the rice markets in Japan, which colonized Taiwan and Korea before the Second World War, and argue that the function of rice futures markets crucially depended on the differences in the structure of rice spot markets. Initially the increased volume of imported rice of a different variety from domestic rice disrupted the rice futures markets. Then, government intervention in the rice futures markets failed to improve the disruption. Changes in colonial rice cropping successfully mitigated the disruption, and colonial rice was promoted in order to unify the different varieties of inland and colonial rice.     

基于极值理论的我国期货市场保证金设置研究——经流动性风险调整后的优化设置

传统的期货VaR风险度量模型缺乏对流动性风险的考虑。本文以变现成本为依据构建期货流动性指标,将流动性风险纳入VaR模型的研究,并结合中国期货市场实际特点。以上海金属铜、郑州硬麦和大连大豆为样本运用极值理论进行了实证研究,结果表明,农产品期货硬麦、大豆的流动性风险大于工业品金属铜期货的流动性风险;并且在衡量我国期货保证金设定时发现,对于我国期货市场,流动性风险是一个不可忽略的风险组成部分。为此。通过建立流动性风险调整后的保证金优化设置模型,使所设置的保证金水平能够涵盖整个期货市场的价格风险与流动性风险。     

Dynamic price discovery in Chinese agricultural futures markets

Research has not fully explored how Chinese agricultural futures markets perform their price discovery function over time. Our paper examines the role of Chinese agricultural futures markets in the price discovery process based on three well-established measurements of average price discovery contribution, and more importantly, the dynamic price discovery measurement. Using daily futures and spot prices from fourteen agricultural commodities, we find eleven contracts are efficient in price discovery. Besides, market-oriented changes in policies strengthen the price discovery performance of most futures markets, except for commodities that rely heavily on imports from other countries. Our results also suggest that trading activity is particularly important in determining whether thinly traded contracts are efficient in price discovery. Our paper provides a comprehensive judgment involving both average and dynamic price discovery contribution measurements on assessing the efficiency of Chinese agricultural futures markets. Our results might also serve as a reminder that market-oriented reforms in the spot markets of commodities might be useful to intensify the pricing power of the futures markets.     

中国商品期货市场有效性的方差比率检验

随机游动模型的方差比率检验方法可以被用于检验中国商品期货市场的有效性程度。对1999-2004年间六个商品期货品种的收盘价和结算价的分阶段（1999-2001和2002-2004）检验结果表明：铜期货市场在整个样本期间都基本上达到了弱式有效,而铝、天胶、大豆／豆一、豆粕等品种在2002-2004年间的有效性却表现出一定程度的下降。但是,在2002-2004年间,小麦期货市场的有效性得到了一定程度的提高。这些实证结果表明监管当局应该汲取以往期货市场大幅震荡的教训,有针对性地继续努力改进并提高期货市场的有效性水平。     

International Evidence on the Link between Quality of Governance and Stock Market Performance

Abstract

This paper examines the link between country-level governance and global stock market returns. We find a negative relation between governance quality and equity return. Countries with low governance scores, on average, have higher equity returns than those with high governance scores after controlling for global risk factors known to influence international equity returns. This implies that investors associate low governance quality with increased risk and thus demand higher risk premium. We find that the quality of governance as measured by Political Stability and Absence of Violence is key governance dimension affecting international equity returns, suggesting that heightened investor concerns over political risks have profound impact on equity markets. Interestingly, we find no evidence that variation in equity returns is affected by the governance indicator representing Voice and Accountability. The findings of this study provide important policy implications.     

期货套保基金服务中国农业的模式探讨

期货市场在规避农产品市场价格风险方面具有重要作用。文章从中国农业的实际出发,分析现有农产品期货服务农业模式存在的局限和不足,提出了农产品期货套保基金新模式。重点探讨了套保基金设立的方式、运作流程,分析其有利因素和制约因素,并提出了相应对策。     

Monetary Policy and Natural Disasters in a DSGE Model

In the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, speculation arose that the Federal Reserve might respond by easing monetary policy. This article uses a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to investigate the appropriate monetary policy response to a natural disaster. We show that the standard Taylor rule response in models with and without nominal rigidities is to increase the nominal interest rate. That finding is unchanged when we consider the optimal policy response to a disaster. A nominal interest rate increase following a disaster mitigates both temporary inflation effects and output distortions that are attributable to nominal rigidities.     

Flood Risk and Salience: New Evidence from the Sunshine State

A growing literature finds evidence that flood risk salience varies over time, spiking directly following a flood and then falling off individuals' cognitive radar in the following years. In this article, we provide new evidence of salience exploiting a hurricane cluster impacting Florida that was preceded and followed by periods of unusual calm. Utilizing residential property sales across the state from 2002 through 2012, our main estimate finds a salience impact of ?8%, on average. The salience effect persists when we base estimation only on spatial variation in prices to limit confounding from other simultaneous changes due to shifting hedonic equilibria over time. These effects range from housing prices decreases of 5.4–12.3% depending on the year of sale. Understanding flood risk salience has important implications for flood insurance and disaster policy, the benefits transfer literature, and, more broadly, our understanding of natural disaster resilience. JEL Classification: Q51, Q54, R21     

主要农业自然灾害对我国粮食安全影响的实证研究

粮食问题一直是我国政府和全社会关注和研究的热点问题,而农业自然灾害又是粮食问题不可忽视的重要方面。农业自然灾害究竟在多大程度上影响我国粮食综合生产能力,我国农业自然灾害抵御能力的评价及其在多大程度上能够保障粮食生产的稳定性、供给的安全性仍值得研究。论文围绕主要农业自然灾害对我国粮食综合生产能力的影响分析,对各种主要农业自然灾害对粮食生产能力的影响程度分别进行了实证分析,并提出相应的对策建议。     

国际商品市场中"一价定律"的验证:共同概率模型和动态贸易变量

本文讨论并引伸了Barrett和Li(2002)提出的共同概率模型,在原有基础上将贸易变量动态化,以增加在经验分析中所包含的信息量和解释能力。考虑到国际商品贸易的跨期性,我们的预期价格采用了商品期货价。我们用改进后的方法对中美大豆贸易做了实证分析,发现两国大豆市场自1995年以来基本上是整合的,并发现对竞争性均衡关系的偏离主要发生在早期,即在中国商品期货市场完善和农产品市场体制改革之前。研究还发现两国大豆价差在南美豆收获期后明显缩小。收益不确定性参数的t检验不显著在一定程度上表明了进口商对价格风险的规避行为。     

沿海地区受台风影响的易损性指标体系与应急管理策略

台风灾害一直是威胁我国沿海地区经济社会发展的一个重大障碍。构建承灾体的社会经济易损性评价指标体系,运用统计学方法对沿海地区受台风影响的社会经济易损性进行实证分析后发现,我国沿海地区受台风影响的社会经济易损性空间分布不均匀。台风灾害频发的沿海地方政府应通过制定防台应急预案,构建全面的应急预警体系,建立统一的自然灾害信息系统和信息公开机制,引入政策性金融工具建立灾后恢复、补偿的财政保障机制,从而构建一个专门针对台风灾害的应急响应机制。     

政府支持农业保险发展的经济学分析

农业保险经营的高昂成本及很低的投保率使农业保险难以商品化和市场化,需要政府介入以扩大其有效需求;农业保险是一种准公共品和优值品,需要政府通过补贴方式强制或鼓励农民投保;农业保险较强的外部经济性,需要政府介入以节约其交易费用,提高交易效率;政府支持农业保险会增加社会福利;农业保险承保的风险特殊性及技术障碍的解决离不开政府支持。     

我国私募基金的风险及防范

我国私募基金面临着法律与政策风险、经营风险、道德风险、市场风险等,投资者的利益受到严重威胁。应采取明确私募基金法律地位、强化对私募基金的监管、培养成熟理性的投资者、适时推出股指期货等措施加以防范。     

从日美经验看我国农业灾害补偿制度的构建思路

我国是一个农业大国，也是世界上遭受自然灾害最为严重的国家之一。但我国农业灾害补偿制度的发展严重滞后，未能起到风险补偿、资金融通以及社会管理功能。日本和美国是较早实行农业灾害补偿制度的国家之一，其成熟的农业灾害补偿制度对于分散和降低我国农业生产的风险、保证我国农业的可持续发展，具有重要的参考价值。从我国目前农业保险发展的实践来看，在借鉴国外农业灾害补偿制度发展经验的基础上，有必要建立有中国特色的政策性保险与相互制保险相融合的农业灾害补偿制度及配套保障措施。