Corruption and FDI: Does the Use of Distinct Proxies for Corruption Matter?

Abstract

The relationship between FDI and corruption/institutional quality in host countries has been widely analyzed. However, the use of distinct samples and indicators for corruption tends to hinder the interpretation and outcomes of econometric assessments. The aims of this paper are to assess the extent to which the use of distinct proxies for corruption provides diverse evidence regarding the relationship between corruption and FDI, and to assess whether controlling for other indicators of institutional quality reinforces the effect of corruption indicators on FDI inflows. In order to accomplish these goals, we estimate a set of multivariate logistic models using 96 countries over the period 2000 to 2010. The results evidence that using distinct proxies for corruption variables, as well as controlling for other types of the countries’ institutional quality, generate distinct outcomes. In isolation, a country’s transparency and its citizens’ corruption perceptions fail to impact on FDI whereas a bribe-free environment is conducive to FDI inflows. When we control for the human, social and economic development of the countries, the impact of a transparent and bribe-free context on FDI attraction is enhanced. Overall, it is clear that in order to become a large recipient of FDI a country has to guarantee a transparent and bribe-free environment, characterized by low income taxes, high literacy rates and generalized economic freedom (own labor and property control by citizens).     

对外直接投资与美国服务贸易的发展

一般认为,对外直接投资活动(FDI)对贸易的持续增长将起到十分重要的支撑和推动作用。本文选用了美国1970年至2003年的相关数据,通过建立自回归模型,拟合后发现这个结论在美国的服务业领域也成立。进一步运用Granger因果检验方法,发现两者之间还存在着互为因果的关系。然而,通过对统计数据的分析,同时也直观地发现,在美国服务业内的对外直接投资与对外贸易在进出口上的同向相关性并不明显。其原因可能是各国对服务业的限制措施所造成的扭曲和直接投资的贸易替代效应所致。     

国际直接投资的新思维——实物期权思想的融入

全球化经济时代的到来 ,为经济理论提出了新课题 ,FDI作为跨国经营的主要形式成为研究重点。实物期权理论在评估高风险、高灵活性的投资项目时有不可替代的作用 ,而FDI恰恰属于此类投资项目。将实物期权思想融入FDI理论 ,不仅解释了FDI近来快速增长的现象 ,也为FDI理论开辟了新的研究领域     

外商直接投资对中国产业结构影响的实证研究

文章运用1983-2004年时间序列数据,应用Engle-Granger协整检验和Granger因果关系检验对外商直接投资对中国产业结构的影响进行了实证研究。研究结果显示:外商直接投资促进产业结构优化,但外商直接投资和产业结构变动之间不存在长期稳定的关系。在此基础上,文章建议积极引导外资为我国产业结构的优化升级做出更大贡献。     

广东省外商直接投资与省内固定资产投资相关性的实证分析——挤出还是挤入效应

本文以新古典投资理论为基础,利用广东省1979-2004年的数据,并结合经济运行的实际情况,对外商直接投资对广东省内投资的挤入挤出效应进行了实证分析,结果表明:广东省的外商直接投资对广东省的省内投资产生了挤出效应。在实证分析的基础上,对产生挤出效应的原因做了进一步的分析。     

外商直接投资对天津产业结构的贡献分析

外商直接投资是促进天津经济发展的一个重要因素,天津外商直接投资的规模不断扩大、层次不断提高,呈现出全方位、多层次、宽领域的格局。FDI对天津产业结构的发展有很大的影响,特别是对制造业和服务业的贡献很大。     

长江三角洲地区外商直接投资的对外贸易效应

本文由长三角地区(16城市)FDI与对外贸易的简单数量关系,构筑了地区层面的对外贸易模型,运用面板数据(PanelData)方法对长三角地区FDI的对外贸易效应及FDI在上海双边贸易中的作用进行了分析。结果表明,FDI对长三角地区的对外贸易及上海的双边贸易均起到了显著的正向推动作用,长三角地区FDI与对外贸易之间存在互补关系。     

The distinct contribution of investment promotion agencies’ branch offices in bringing Chinese multinationals to Europe

This study uncovers the distinct contribution of investment promotion agencies’ (IPAs) overseas branch offices in advancing and even creating foreign direct investment. It offers a novel categorisation of IPAs depending on location and headquarter/branch status, and conceptually connects the known functions of IPAs with the advantages set out by the OLI paradigm. Empirical examination of longitudinal data from 29 European IPAs finds that the activities of their branches in China instilled greater awareness and confidence in Chinese multinational enterprises about their ownership- and European location-specific advantages. This contribution of IPA branches is especially salient in emerging economies with newcomer investors.     

中国外商投资环境竞争力研究

在建立中国省域和主要城市外商投资环境竞争力评价指标体系的基础上,运用主成分分析法、借助SPSS软件对我国省域和主要城市外商投资环境竞争力进行了定量评估,揭示了其区域差异特点和规律,提出了我国省域和主要城市外商投资环境竞争力的提升对策。     

福建省FDI、对外贸易与经济增长关系的实证研究

福建省利用外资和对外贸易位居全国前列,对推动经济增长起到了重要作用。本文根据1981-2006年福建省统计数据,运用协整检验和误差修正模型,对福建省FDI流入、对外贸易与经济增长关系进行实证研究。结果表明,从长期看,福建省FDI、对外贸易与经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系,FDI、出口和进口明显促进了经济增长。从短期看,FDI、对外贸易与经济增长的长期均衡水平产生了偏离,但偏离误差修正的速度较快。最后,就福建外商直接投资、对外贸易和经济增长协调发展提出了若干政策建议。     

FDI、国际贸易及我国经济增长的协整分析与VECM模型

本文利用我国1983-2004年的经济数据进行实证检验,根据协整理论建立向量误差修正模型(VECM)。实证结果说明外国直接投资、国际贸易与经济增长间具有长期均衡关系,且我国国内生产总值的增长与外国直接投资有双向因果关系,但相互影响的程度不同;我国为出口导向型经济增长国家且外国直接投资对国际贸易具有促进作用.     

Foreign Direct Investment in China

Summary

China has attracted the second largest amount of foreign direct investment in the world each year since 1993. Hundreds of thousands of foreign-invested enterprises are in operation in China. However, what drive the success or cause the failure of foreign investments is still not well understood. This paper critically examines one success factor, i.e., the importance of timing of marketing entry into China. It begins with a brief review of the literature on first-mover advantages and the recent empirical research. It then attempts to theorize on why timing of market entry matters in the context of foreign direct investment. Apart from drawing upon the four recent studies in this area, this paper focuses on the auto industry in China and the case of Volkswagen to illustrate the importance of early entry into an overseas market. It calls for foreign investors to seize the first-wave opportunities when the door is opened a certain sector. It pays in the long run both in terms of the market share position and profitability.     

The transatlantic business community faced with US direct investment in Western Europe, 1958–1968

This article examines the position of US and European business in the debate about American direct investment in Western Europe in a historical perspective, from the establishment of the Common Market to the introduction of US regulation of foreign direct investment (FDI) a decade later. Based on abundant and diverse archival documents, it sheds new light on the process of Americanisation and contributes to existing research on transnational networks, by revealing the active role industrial leaders on both sides of the Atlantic played in shaping the political responses to problems raised by the American firms’ massive presence in the Common Market.     

How do country regulations and business environment impact foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows?

How do multinationals choose which countries to invest in? This study addresses the essential question of the impact of regulatory variables in attracting or deterring foreign direct investment (FDI). We separate regulatory variables based on different stages of a firm’s life-cycle. Using World Bank data for 189 economies, we examine which host country regulatory factors influence inward FDI. We find that countries with stronger contract enforcement and more efficient international trade regulations attract more FDI. The interaction terms suggest that multinational companies are willing to trade-off a country's poorer institutional variable in return for another where the institutional variable is stronger. For example, multinationals are willing to invest in countries with less efficient entry and exit regulations in exchange for stronger contract enforcement. These results also have important implications for government policy reform.     

从日本对外直接投资的发展趋势看中国比较优势的发挥

通过分析日本的劳动密集型产业和组装型制造业对外直接投资的发展趋势,发现日本近年来对外直接投资和产业转移呈现出较大的增长空间。劳动密集型产业已绝大部分向外转移,组装型制造业的对华直接投资大幅度增加。这既为中国劳动密集型比较优势的发挥提供了巨大的契机,也使如何避免陷入比较优势陷阱提上了日程。