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1.
Bisakha Sen 《Southern economic journal》2007,73(3):553-574
This paper tests the hypothesis that state-level restrictions on abortion access are linked to increases in child fatal-injury rates. The rationale is that such restrictions may disproportionately increase births of “unwanted” children as well as births to young, single, and low socioeconomic-status mothers, which in turn may lead to more adverse child outcomes—including more child fatal injury deaths. The paper uses state-level data on child fatal injuries in the 0-4 age group for 1981-2002, and estimates count-data models with state and year effects separately for white and black children. The abortion restrictions considered are enforced parental consent and notification laws, no public funding, and mandatory delays. Many of the restrictions are found to be significantly associated with increased homicide-resultant fatal injuries for white and black children, and increased unintentional fatal injuries for white children. Results for unintentional fatal injuries for black children are mixed. 相似文献
2.
Marshall H. Medoff 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2000,28(1):29-36
Conclusion This study estimates the demand for abortion by black women. The empirical results find that black abortion demand is price
inelastic, negatively related to unemployment conditions, and positively related to the presence of state Medicaid and a college
education. These results are consistent with the findings in prior studies of all childbearing women. The only two findings
at odds with those of all childbearing women were that black women's abortion demands are considerably more responsive to
changes in income and do not depend on marital status. 相似文献
3.
This analysis uses establishment-level data on job creation and destruction to examine the unemployment rate responses of
black, Hispanic and white workers to shifts in demand across firms and industries during the period 1980–84. Black unemployment
rates are significantly more responsive to differences in aggregate demand growth and wage flexibility than are white and
Hispanic unemployment rates, and they are also more severely impacted by structural changes in labor demand than are white
and Hispanic unemployment rates. Additional research using the measures and focus of the present analysis that cover other
time periods can assist in developing a clearer picture of the contemporary dynamics of urban labor markets and can provide
guidance for public policy. 相似文献
4.
Variations in the availability of abortion providers may impact the demand for abortions since greater provider availability reduces the travel cost associated with obtaining an abortion. This paper applies a fertility-control model to estimate the responsiveness of abortion demand to travel-cost variations using individual data from all births and abortions of women over age 20 in the state of Texas for 1993. The probability that a pregnant woman chooses an abortion appears to be sensitive to availability-induced variations in the travel cost of abortion services. Controlling for the endogeneity of travel distance, the results suggest that pregnant women who reside in counties with longer travel distances to the nearest abortion provider have lower probabilities of aborting their pregnancies than women in counties closer to abortion providers. Simulations show that changes in travel distance will have relatively large impacts on overall abortion rates and, furthermore, that these effects vary across race. In addition, these simulations show substantial differences by race in the effects of changes in other explanatory variables. 相似文献
5.
Barbara A. P. Jones 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1985,14(2-3):11-31
The labor force participation rate of black women has not increased as fast as that of white women in spite of the fact that
black females have the characteristics economists have found most encourage participation. Also black women at all socioeconomic
levels have more positive attitudes towards labor market activity. The explanation for the failure for their work rates to
grow as fast as those of white women appears to be inadequate employment opportunities for black women from lower socioeconomic
groups. Education in or of itself, however, is not the solution to the problem because education yields lower returns to black
women with limited schooling than is true for comparable whites. Any strategy devised to solve these employment inequities
must address the low relative demand for these workers. 相似文献
6.
Based on data from the 1980 census, three major findings emerge from this study. First, the labor force participation rate
is higher for women in black-white interracial marriages than women in endogamous marriages. Second, the labor force participation
rate of wives in interracial marriages, after adjusting for differences in observed personal characteristics, is approximately
halfway between that of women in white homogeneous and black homogeneous marriages. Third, interracial marriages are more
likely among women who are younger, Hispanic, foreign-born, more educated, previously married, and reside in the West. 相似文献
7.
Atlantic Economic Journal - The purpose of the present study is to determine if laws requiring ultrasounds prior to an abortion being performed have any effect on the demand for abortions. Using... 相似文献
8.
9.
Bisakha Sen 《Southern economic journal》2003,70(2):328-343
Economists have investigated the effects of increased alcohol taxes on various alcohol-related phenomena like traffic fatalities, but to my knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the effects of beer taxes on teen pregnancy outcomes, namely abortion and birth rates. The study employs state-level data for 15-19-year-old women for the years 1985, 1988, 1992, and 1996. The smallness of the panel imposes some constraints on the statistical methods used. Results indicate that higher beer taxes have statistically significant negative effects on teen abortion rates, though the magnitudes of the effects are quite small. Effects on birthrates are statistically insignificant. This suggests that increased beer taxes may help prevent some unwanted pregnancies that would typically be terminated via abortions rather than culminating in live births. However, the small magnitudes of the effects strongly caution against relying on increased beer taxes to noticeably reduce teen pregnancy rates. 相似文献
10.
Jeremiah Cotton 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1993,21(4):53-67
The analysis of the determinants of wage differences between Hispanic black, Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black males undertaken
in this research does not support the contention that cultural differences are more significant than color differences in
the generation of racial wage gaps. 相似文献
11.
This study investigates the source of wage differentials between blacks, Hispanics, and whites, and between women and men,
in metropolitan Dade County (Florida) government, and draws out the implications of this analysis for affirmative action planning.
Our distinctive finding is that the primary factor causing observed wage differentials by ethnicity is the sorting of people
across occupational categories. Wage decompositions reveal that for males, 70 percent, 88 percent, and 47 percent of the wage
gaps between white and black, white and Hispanic, and Hispanic and black, respectively, are attributable to occupation. For
females, the corresponding figures are 56 percent, 58 percent, and 51 percent. When comparing men and women of the same ethnic
group, occupational employment patterns are found to be an important factor accounting for lower average female wages, yet
within major occupational groups women seem to be receiving higher wages (on average) than men. 相似文献
12.
Donald G. Freeman 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2012,39(2):267-284
This paper conducts stationarity tests for levels and ratios of national and regional unemployment rates by race and ethnicity. Results indicate that both unemployment rates and ratios for the total population and for subgroups by race, ethnicity and region are stationary around changing means. The black/white unemployment ratio has increased on average and the Hispanic/white unemployment ratio has decreased on average. Results are compared across regions of the US. 相似文献
13.
Stephen M. Hills 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1990,18(4):13-36
Youth unemployment is shown to have significant depressing effects on black long-run earnings over and above the loss in work
experience which accompanies unemployment. Estimates were similar for men and women, showing that for each week of unemployment
black youth incurred early in their work careers, wages were reduced by about one half a percentage point five years later.
A six month bout with unemployment in 1979 was related to a 13 percent drop in wage rates five years later. For white youth,
joblessness, but not unemployment per se, had a significant negative impact on subsequent wage rates. 相似文献
14.
Jean Xiao 《Southern economic journal》2016,83(1):1-24
There has been a considerable amount of work focusing on job satisfaction and sex, generally finding that women are more satisfied than men despite having objectively worse job conditions. But there is little evidence on whether job satisfaction differs by race or ethnicity. We use data from the 2010 National Survey of College Graduates to examine the relation between job satisfaction and race and ethnicity among Asian, black, Hispanic/Latino, and white workers. Overall job satisfaction does not differ by sex among college graduates. Relative to white workers of the same sex, Asian and black workers are far less satisfied. The lower satisfaction of Asian and black workers relative to white workers is not explained by immigrant status, job match, or other individual or job characteristics. 相似文献
15.
Emily P. Hoffman 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1982,11(4):429-439
Conclusions The presence of young children decreases women’s labor supply as shown by the LFPRs for women with young children (which are
always considerably lower than those for women without young children). Also, the number of young children is almost always
negatively related to annual hours of labor supplied (significantly so in half the regressions). Black and white women are
found to have an inelastic labor supply, but with increasing elasticity from 1969 to 1974. There is a statistically significant
difference in the estimated regression coefficients of the labor supply model for black and white married women in 1969 and
1974 in both the arithmetic and logarithmic forms. The husband’s earnings are significantly negatively related to white married
women’s annual hours of work in 1974, while the relationship is not significant for black married women. Crosselasticity terms
show that white married women decrease their annual hours of work in response to an increase in husband’s earnings to a greater
extent than black married women in 1971 and 1974. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that black women do not
rely on their husband’s earnings to as great an extent as white women. 相似文献
16.
Deniz Gevrek 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2014,41(1):25-60
The United States Supreme Court decision in the case of Loving v. Virginia in 1967, which forced 16 Southern states to strike down their anti-miscegenation laws, creates a unique opportunity to explore the impact of an exogenous change in a state’s laws regulating interracial marriages. This study investigates the relationship between anti-miscegenation laws, black/white interracial marriage and black Americans’ geographical distribution using three decades of the U.S. census data. The results suggest that the timing and voluntary/involuntary repeal of statutes banning black/white interracial marriages impacted the locational distribution of married black males. The relationship is less clear-cut for black females. However, length of exposure to anti-miscegenation laws is found to be related to the geographical sorting patterns of both black males and females. A few patterns in the data suggest that social norms and local culture may be influential in this relationship and the findings imply that unless a society is ready to change, the government cannot fully offset the negative impact of past bans and punishments. 相似文献
17.
The existing literature on welfare effects on marriage and fertility has largely focused on groups of white and black women.
By contrast, Hispanic women have received little attention. This paper examines the effects of welfare generosity on a sample
of young Hispanic women’s premarital fertility and marriage choices. A bivariate competing risks duration model framework
allows us to identify the process of young women’s premarital fertility and the process of marriage, effectively controlling
for observed characteristics and unobservables. Our findings indicate a 10% increase in welfare generosity results in a 10%
increase in premarital births and a 7% decrease in marriages by age 24; both effects are significant.
相似文献
Shiferaw Gurmu (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
This paper examines the hitherto unexplored question of the effects of the black market exchange rate expectations on the
domestic demand for money in Nigeria. This study finds that real income and expected inflation rates are the appropriate scale
and opportunity cost variables for the demand for money function in Nigeria. The results also suggest that depreciation in
black market exchange rate exerts a significant negative impact on the domestic demand for money. A policy implication of
this research is that since a depreciation of the black market exchange rate tends to decrease the demand for money, it should
be taken into account in the execution of monetary policy.
The authors would like to thank an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions which substantially improved the quality of the
paper. This research was supported in part by a summer research grant from the College of Business Administration, University
of New Orleans. 相似文献
19.
Georgia's lottery-funded HOPE Scholarship program provides free tuition to in-state students who can maintain a B average at state universities. However, roughly half of HOPE Scholars lose their support after their freshman year. This study employs student-level administrative data to identify the observed characteristics that systematically relate to scholarship attrition. Conditional on measures of student ability, there are not statistically significant differences between white, black, and Hispanic students. However, there are dramatic differences across academic disciplines. Students majoring in science, engineering, and computing are 21 to 51 percent more likely to lose their HOPE Scholarships than students in other disciplines. 相似文献
20.
Farley R 《Economic outlook USA》1986,13(3):14-19
Farley discusses changes in employment, occupation, earnings, income, and poverty among US blacks. Among black men, there has been a persistent rise in unemployment since 1960. By the early 1980s, 1 black man out of 8 had dropped out of the labor force, compared to 1 in 20 white men. Some contend that many black men lack the skills to be employed or have personal habits and criminal records which make them unacceptable to employers. Others believe that the expansion of federal welfare programs offers attractive alternatives to men who have limited earnings potential. Still others stress that blacks are concentrated within cities, while the growth of employment is occurring in suburbs. Among those blacks over age 54, labor force participation has declined because of improved Social Security benefits, better private pensions, and the greater availability of Supplemental Security Income. The employment of young blacks compared to whites has deteriorated since 1960. For both races, there has been a steady rise in the employment of women. The recent increases, however, have been great for whites. By the early 1980s, white women caught up with black women in terms of employment. Unlike the indicators of employment itself, there is unambiguous evidence that the occupational distribution of employed blacks has been upgraded and is gradually becoming similar to that of whites. Findings from many studies show that blacks once earned much less than similar whites, but this racial difference has declined among men and has nearly disappeared among women. The proportion of blacks impoverished fell sharply in the 1960s, reaching a minimum of 30% in the early 1970s. Since the early 1970s, blacks have made few gains. The proportion impoverished actually increased and the ratio of black-to-white family income declined. The fact that the earnings of black males are no longer rising faster than those of whites and that there is no longer a migration from southern farms to cities plays a role, but changes in family structure are also important. At all dates, poverty rates have been high and income levels low in families headed by women. In 1984, for example, 52% of the black families with a woman as head of household were below the poverty line, compared to 15% of the black married-couple families. While similar trends are occurring in white families, there has been a sharper increase in the proportion of blacks living in these female-maintained families which have high poverty rates. 相似文献