企业创新团队的管理要诀

企业在技术创新过程中,越来越多地采用团队的组织形式。团队是一种为了实现某一目标而由相互协作的个体所组成的正式群体,是由员工和管理层组成的一个共同体,它合理利用每一个成员的知识和技能,协同工作,解决问题,达到共同的目标。按照著名学者Suan和Diane的观点,团队分为工作团队、并行团队、项目团队和管理团队。企业的技术创新团队属于项目团队这一类型。项目团队具有时间界限,往往是一次性的创新和制造“产品”,例如某个新产品或者一个新的信息系统等等。项目团队的任务一般是非重复性的,并且需要大量知识、判断和专业技术的应用。团队的成员可能从需要具体技术的不同部门选取,例如新产品发展团队,成员可能来自营销、工程和制造部门。     

模仿威胁下两类创新产品开发的对比研究

随着市场竞争的加剧,新产品开发对于企业而言成为获取竞争优势的重要手段,但实际上不同类型的新产品开发对于创新者提高竞争力的作用等方面是不同的。文章考虑到模仿威胁广泛存在,对比研究了存在横向竞争者模仿威胁背景下的两类创新产品开发。一方面从两类创新产品(激进式创新产品和渐进式创新产品)的基本特征出发,对比分析推断出两类产品开发项目的性状,另一方面根据新产品开发动因分析了两类新产品开发的目的及其对企业的要求。对两类创新产品特征进行对比分析,得到两类创新产品开发的关键要素连接路径。研究表明:模仿威胁下,激进式创新产品开发要求企业更关注产品开发成功率;而渐进式创新产品要求企业着重加速产品开发,同时抵御模仿威胁。     

现代项目管理在汽车产品开发中的应用探索

现代项目管理是最新的管理学科,国外汽车行业在汽车新产品开发中已普遍采用。将现代项目管理的5个基本过程和9大知识领域在汽车产品开发项目中进行应用,以减少开发风险,确保新产品按时、按质的投放市场,保持企业产品的竞争优势。     

工业设计与工程结构设计的衔接研究——以金融机具类产品设计为例

结合实际新产品开发项目,分析和讨论了新产品开发过程中因工业设计与结构设计衔接不畅而存在的典型问题。从设计流程、设计人员知识结构和设计工具等方面给出了解决上述问题的有效对策。最后通过一个实际产品开发案例检验了应对措施的有效和合理性。     

汽车零部件联合新产品开发质量管理研究

现代汽车零部件市场越来越国际化,新产品开发的周期与产品开发的成功率是其产品竞争力的关键因素,联合新产品质量程序为代表的新产品开发质量管理逐步在汽车零部件企业得到了应用。联合新产品质量程序是新产品开发质量管理的核心,将新产品开发从策划阶段到产品投产后的产品初期流动划分为五个阶段,每个阶段都有其严格要求的任务与标准,以保证产品开发的顺利成功进行。     

品牌服装并行产品开发过程研究

文章根据品牌服装企业的实际特点,结合并行工程中团队协作、系统集成、整体优化、信息共享等工作理念以及管理和应用技术,构筑并行产品开发的组织结构,建立起一种适合品牌服装企业的并行产品开发模式。     

品牌服装并行产品开发过程研究

文章根据品牌服装企业的实际特点,结合并行工程中团队协作、系统集成、整体优化、信息共享等工作理念以及管理和应用技术,构筑并行产品开发的组织结构,建立起一种适合品牌服装企业的并行产品开发模式.     

不一样的行销组合

至于在行销组合上，日本企业又有哪些不一样的做法？这可从产品、价格、通路、以及广告四部分谈起： １．开发且改进新产品 持续地开发并且改进新产品，为日本企业成功的不一样的做法。对日本公司而言，开发与改进速度是产品生产方面最基本的要求。因此，他们会摒弃传统西方的市场研究、产品设计、产品模型制作等程序，直接以跨功能的团队开发新产品。 “品质机能展开”为日本企业最常采用的产品开发方式。首先，他们会找出消费者最喜欢的产品，并且以此为标杆，找出消费者最喜欢与最不喜欢的部分。随后，跨功能开发团队会开始着手开发消费…     

2．3流程重整

跨部门团队IPD中的跨部门团队指由市场、开发、生产、采购、财务、客户服务等不同部门人员组成的贯穿整个产品开发过程的团队。前面已经提到，在IPD中，跨部门团队有集成产品管理团队（IPMT）和产品开发团队（PDT）两种类型。这两个团队之上还有投资评审委员会（IRB）。整个IPD管理系统的组织结构如图2．2所示.     

产品创新过程的流程再造

<正>传统的新产品开发流程要依次经过几个职能部门(销售、技术、生产等)分别承担不同的开发任务,由于信息流动不畅往往造成了开发过程的延误。流程再造为我们提供了一个改变部门分割、适应新的环境要求的产品创新过程的新思路。新的产品开发流程突出不同阶段的高度协调,这里的协调不仅是跨越职能团队的协调,还包括跨越组织中不同层级的协调。高层管理者的支持、与外部环境和市场的相互作用是这个协调过程的本质。这种协调必然要打破僵化的组织结构,要求企业改变产品创新流程。     

South Korean Labor Market Discrimination Against Women: Estimating Its Cost

A bstract . South Korean chaebols (large family owned firms) have extensive government ties which provide them with favorable treatment. In turn, the government obtains support from the chaebols. The chaebols have gained economic or excess profits through exploiting monopolistic power in the domestic South Korean product market and through exploiting monopsonistic power in the domestic factor market.
How a monopsonistic firm obtains excess profits is illustrated and related to the behavior of the chaebols as a whole. Major focus is on the labor market. The chaebols have discretionary power over how to exploit their monopsonistic position. The status of women in the South Korean work force in light of this discretionary power is considered. An estimate of the income loss involved is made.     

基于功能价值营销理念的旅行社合作营销模式探讨

基于价值营销理念及旅游产品的价值体现,得出情感和社会价值是现代旅游产品定位的基点。在此基础上,进一步探索了旅行社企业的合作营销模式,突破传统、勇于创新,提出旅行社企业的立体合作营销概念,即纵向、横向及交叉合作营销。力求突破产业平面的束缚,构建三维立体合作营销模式,以更有效的挖掘资源,拓展市场,实现旅行社企业产品创新、品牌建设及整个旅游产业的跨越式发展。     

Process-based vs. product-based innovation: Value creation by nanotech ventures

Nanotechnology is frequently heralded as the next wave of technological advance, poised to enable radical innovation across many industries. But as yet little is known about how firms will ultimately create that value. We do know that nanotechnology is based on process innovation, a category of innovation less well understood than product innovation. And we know that new ventures are an important vehicle for commercializing radical technology. As new ventures seek to commercialize nanotechnology, they evolve value creation strategies to better link fundamental scientific advance with the creation of value for users and investors. This paper asks “How do the successful value creation strategies of technology ventures differ in process vs. product-based innovation?”An investigation of 12 ventures representing the extremes of value creation through process-based (nanotech) and product-based (fuel cell) innovation reveals significant differences in their value creation challenges, in the mechanisms of technology–market matching and alliance building, and in their levels of experimentation. Ventures exploiting process innovation faced greater uncertainty in their value chain positioning, market breadth, customization, and the changes required of their customers in contrast to product-based ventures. Our evidence shows that nanotechnology ventures benefit from prioritizing technology–market matching, alliance building and experimenting with technologies in new value networks.     

Preserving the link between R&D and manufacturing: Exploring challenges related to vertical integration and product/process newness

Adopting a contingency framework, this paper explores consequences of manufacturing outsourcing and product/process newness for R&D–manufacturing coordination. Based on case-study findings, the following coordination challenges are outlined: accessing manufacturing competence and understanding suppliers’ processes (outsourcing of manufacturing and high newness); receiving feedback from suppliers and motivating suppliers (outsourcing and low-medium newness); exploiting manufacturing competence and establishing close working relations (internalization of manufacturing and high newness); early involvement of manufacturing and suppliers, and reducing variability in supplier performance (internalization and low-medium newness). The paper further elaborates on how the role of purchasing may change in order to address these challenges.     

ERP与BPR整合分析

为了适应新的市场环境．提高竞争力．许多企业实施了ERP与BPR。但是要真正充分发挥ERP与BPR的作用，必须将二者成功整合起来。本文首先分析了二者整合的必要性和可行性，进而提出了整合过程中的三个主要问题。即：员工素质的提高、流程重组以及组织管理的优化，并对它们进行了分析。     

Complexity: Toward an empirical measure

Complexity is a significant concern to managers and can undermine operational performance if not managed well, or if managed well could be used to strategic advantage. However, the quantification of complexity is requisite to managing and exploiting it. To date, an easily employable quantitative measure has not been introduced. This has hampered the ability of researchers to conduct large empirical studies and to gain a fuller understanding of the impacts of complexity on organizations. This has in turn impeded the ability of researchers to inform managers about how to manage complexity. This article presents one such measure, the Generalized Complexity Index (GCI), and illustrates it using publicly available data from the cruise line industry. The GCI employs the product structure diagram to create a geometric structure from which the level of the three dimensions of complexity (multiplicity, diversity, and interconnectedness) can be computed. The GCI is a function of these three dimensions. A significant advantage of the GCI is that it can be applied at multiple levels of analysis including product, portfolio, and supply chain. Implications for business diversification research and marketing strategy are introduced and future research topics are identified.     

论人力资源视野中薪酬管理的激励作用

薪酬管理是人力资源工作的重要组成部分,在企业市场竞争中充当重要角色,已成为企业激励员工的重要方式。文章探讨了人力资源中薪酬管理的概念内涵、薪酬管理的作用,并从强化薪酬管理的角度提出激励员工、促进效益的策略,以探讨发展企业、开拓人力资源工作的新思路。     

Towards a functional framework for measuring national innovation efficacy

In an increasingly globalised economy, the ability to draw in innovations and ideas from elsewhere and build on them to create value at home has become a powerful facility for economic growth. Since some places are better at adopting and adapting borrowed ideas than others, the function of ‘innovation through adoption’ deserves more attention at both scholarly and policymaking levels. Based on such beliefs, this paper elaborates the notion of ‘innovation through adoption’ and develops it further to advance the notion of ‘innovation efficacy’. The latter is interpreted here as the efficiency and effectiveness of innovation systems in terms of accessing, anchoring, diffusing, creating and exploiting innovations. This notion is further illustrated in a measurement tool based on a composite index, which we name the ‘Innovation Efficacy Index’.The ultimate contribution of the paper lies in its aim to shift the traditional focus of attention from a fixation with developing and exploiting new knowledge locally to the prospect of value creation through accessing, anchoring or diffusing knowledge acquired from elsewhere.     

湘西民族地区旅游人力资源开发研究

旅游人力资源的开发是旅游业快速发展的根本动力,做好旅游人力资源的开发对区域经济起飞有着重要意义。本文在分析湘西民族地区旅游业人力资源开发的现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了湘西民族地区旅游人力资源的开发对策。