广东省海上风电产业发展形势分析

广东省是经济大省,也是能源消费大省,能源供给结构优化升级是支撑经济高质量发展的基础条件。广东省是中国海岸线最长的省,海上风能资源丰富、品质较好,发展海上风电具有得天独厚的地理条件。海上风电作为一种绿色、低碳、可再生的能源,为社会带来的环境经济效益不可小觑,未来在广东省建设“清洁低碳、安全高效”的现代化能源体系中将发挥重要作用。通过对广东省海上风电产业发展现状及问题进行剖析,提出有效的政策建议。     

21世纪能源结构与可持续发展问题

本文论述了能源结构与可持续发展之间的关系．指出从长远利益看,必需大力开发新能源,改善能源结构。着重探讨了核能及可再生能源发展前景,并对如何改善我国能源结构提出了个人的看法。     

Considering Aquacultural Externality in Coastal Land Allocation Decisions in India

Commercial aquaculture in India has come under attack for having caused negative agricultural and environmental impacts. This paper formulates an interactive model of non-renewable and renewable resources to characterize land allocations between aquaculture and agriculture in ecologically and economically sustainable fashion. Through an empirical application, various economic and policy circumstances that affect the optimal land allocation mix are evaluated. The aquaculture industry must address two economic effects: off-site negative effects on renewable food and other coastal resources, and on-site self-pollution of shrimp ponds. Current regulatory and land-use policies are inadequate to address these effects.     

On the dynamics of renewable resource harvesting and pollution control

The paper presents a dynamic partial equilibrium model which combines optimal renewable resource harvesting and optimal pollution control. Pollution accumulates as a slowly decaying stock and is assumed to affect the growth and the quality of the renewable resource stock. The aim is to maximize a social welfare functional which gives the present value of the difference between natural resource benefits and pollution control costs. The existence, uniqueness and the dynamic properties of the steady states are investigated. The analysis also gives a general result concerning the steady state of any two state variable optimal control problems.     

正能城市：概念与评价指标研究

提出并论证了“正能城市”的概念,从能的量值、能的形式和能效提升三方面对其内涵作了深入阐述。举例说明正能城市的形态,指出其与传统资源型城市和低碳城市的区别。同时建立了正能城市的评价指标体系,从总量指标、结构指标、效率指标和政策指标等方面评价城市的正能程度。最后给出了建设正能城市的若干建议。     

Landfill Construction and Capacity Expansion

We study the optimal capacity and lifetime of landfills taking into account their sequential nature. Such an optimal capacity is characterized by the so-called Optimal Capacity Condition. Particular versions of this condition are obtained for two alternative settings: first, if all the landfills are to have the same capacity, and second, if each of them is allowed to have a different capacity. In the second case we obtain an optimal control problem, with mixed elements of both continuous and discrete time. The resulting optimization problems involve dividing a time horizon of planning into several subintervals of endogenously decided length. The results obtained may be useful to address other economic problems such as private and public investments, consumption decisions on durable goods, etc.     

Environment,Directed Technical Change and Economic Policy

We study the effects of an economic policy in an endogenous growth general equilibrium framework where production of consumption goods requires two resource inputs: a polluting non-renewable resource and a non-polluting labour resource. The use of the former contributes to the accumulation of pollution in the atmosphere, which affects welfare. There is a specific research sector associated with each of those resources. We provide a full welfare analysis, and we describe the equilibrium paths in a decentralized economy. We go on to study the effects of three associated economic policy tools: a tax on the polluting resource, and two research subsidies. We show that the optimal environmental policy has two main effects; it delays the extraction of the resource and with it the level of polluting emissions and it reallocates research efforts, decreasing the amount put into “grey” research to the benefit of “green” research. We also show that the environmental policy is grey-biased in the short-term, and green-biased in the long-term. Finally, we compute the optimal values for these tools.      

可再生能源的技术创新障碍与激励政策建议

发展可再生能源具有重要的战略意义与现实的经济意义,但可再生能源在我国仍处于幼稚产业阶段,推进可再生能源的创新面临着诸多障碍。分析了这些障碍的类型,包括路径依赖障碍、市场门槛障碍和技术性障碍等,并从创新政策的角度提出改进的建议。     

Distribution of phosphorus resources between rich and poor countries: The effect of recycling

Phosphorus (P) is an essential input into agriculture with no substitute. Thus international and intertemporal P allocations greatly impact food security which requires increased food production for a growing world population. As high quality phosphorus mines are being depleted, recycling gains importance and developed countries explore new technologies for P recycling. We analyse the effects of P recycling in developed countries on global extraction of rock phosphates and the imports of developing countries. We build a resource extraction model for a competitive fertilizer market that reflects the fact that most developed countries have P-saturated soils while soils in many developing countries are P-deficient. Our model extends a simple cake eating problem. We consider two types of countries that differ in demand and recycling options. We find that P recycling in developed countries does not only prolong the resource life-time, but it also increases the developing counties' share of the resource.     

浅析矿产资源开发中的利益分配博弈

由于矿产资源的特殊性,利益分配不均现象在矿产资源开发中尤为显著,资源富饶的地区经济发展还较为落后,居民生活水平提高不大,矛盾冲突多,社会安定堪忧.本文根据对云南部分矿种和矿区的实际调研,利用相关的博弈理论和方法,构建了矿产资源开发企业和矿区居民之间的不完全信息动态博弈模型,通过对该模型精炼贝叶斯均衡的求解,表明矿产资源开发中企业倾向于向矿区居民分配很低的利益且这种分配策略属于“混同均衡”,进而推导出了各均衡点存在的必要条件,并以实际调研案例验证了其存在的真实性.在此基础上从监管、补偿机制及分配制度三个方面提出了确保在矿产资源开发中进行利益合理分配的对策建议,为维护矿区社会稳定、实现经济社会的可持续发展提供参考.     

循环经济对传统经济学的挑战

本文阐述了循环经济的产生背景、概念和基本特征,并从五个方面分析、论述了循环经济对传统经济学的挑战。     

基于企业合作开发利用能源问题的探究——以中国和哈萨克斯坦油气资源利用为例

能源是国民经济和社会发展的重要战略物资,是经济发展的命脉。近年来中国经济快速发展对能源的引致需求日益增加,国内的能源供给已经不能满足其需求,依赖能源进口且逐年增加的态势尤为明显。而与我国有着地缘优势的哈萨克斯坦油气资源较丰富,随着里海大陆架油气资源的发现,其油气资源储量更是逐年增加。这对能源消耗大国中国来说尤为重要。因此,中哈两国企业进行能源合作开发利用,不但可行且需要加快推进。本文以我国能源需求现状、哈萨克斯坦能源物质条件为基础,分析了中哈两国企业合作开发利用现状、优劣势,分别从中方和哈方寻找制约两国企业能源合作开发的限制性因素,并据此提出了相关的对策建议。该研究主要为为两国合作应对策略的制定提供参考依据。     

Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental Accounting

In this paper, we develop atheoretically consistent framework to incorporate theenvironmental effects of agricultural production andthe depletion of natural capital caused byagricultural production into the existing incomeaccounts. We apply the framework and adjust theincome attributed to the agricultural sector andeconomy-wide net national product (NNP) for the UnitedStates. Estimated adjustments to the incomeattributed to agriculture are in the range of $4billion and have declined as a percentage of net farmincome since 1982.     

国内外能源相对价格与中国的能源效率

提高能源效率是实现经济可持续发展和减少污染排放的根本途径。基于非线性平滑转换模型的分析显示,能源价格对能源效率的影响机制存在非线性的平滑转换。机制转换的主要引导因素是国内外能源价格指数的相对变化,机制转换的阈值近似为1。目前我国能源价格对能源效率的影响比较接近高效机制运行,增强能源价格的灵活性,可以实现能源消费者的自我选择,是提高我国能源效率的可行选择。     

基于自组织的河西走廊新能源产业集群成长演化

基于自组织理论,从产业集群成长演化视角探讨我国新能源产业发展,选取典型地区新能源产业集群进行集聚度分析,探索新能源产业集群成长规律,分析河西走廊新能源产业集群成长演化。研究发现：我国新能源产业于2004年进入集群成长自放大阶段,2013年前集聚水平稳定上升,现阶段产业发展面临升级与衰退两种极端;结合产业集聚水平变化,基于自组织理论,可将我国新能源产业集群成长演化划分为4个阶段;河西走廊新能源产业集群在政府外生力量的推动下,已完成资源要素自增强阶段,形成了空间集聚,目前处于企业集聚能力自放大向集群系统自调整的过渡阶段。最后,提出了加快河西走廊新能源产业集群发展的对策。     

美国依靠科技创新应对金融危机

本文对美国利用科技创新应对金融危机的战略举措进行了盘点,主要包括将新能源作为复兴美国经济的支柱产业,大力发展先进汽车技术,推动医疗健康领域的技术创新,同时开发先进的信息技术生态系统等。