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1.
本文使用省(市)数据研究收入不确定性对我国城镇居民消费增长的影响,结果显示:(一)由于不确定性的存在,城镇居民消费增速只有确定性环境下消费增长的30.5%;(二)我国城镇居民尽管普遍存在着较强的预防性储蓄动机,但是各地区储蓄动机不平衡,其中西部最强,中部次之,东部最弱,且中部和东部差异较小,西部与中部和东部差异最大;(三)样本期间全国及分地区城镇居民相对谨慎系数呈下降一平稳一上升的走势。城镇居民消费增长慢于个人可支配收入的增长以及居民预防性储蓄动机强度的区域和时序差异提示我们:各地区的产业结构和经济发展水平的不同,也是影响各地区收入结构和储蓄动机的因素。本文的创新在于提出:全国性和区域性经济环境或经济政策差异,会造成不同地区的城镇居民预防性储蓄动机的强度发生相对变化。 相似文献
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We test the explanatory powers of Keynesian theory, the life‐cycle hypothesis, and the precautionary saving theory on household saving in China, based on data from 1990 to 2009 from 31 provinces and autonomous regions. The results show that the precautionary saving motivation explains household saving better than Keynesian theory. The study results also highlight the impact of life expectancy on China's household saving. 相似文献
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Higher income volatility is associated with a higher risk and a reduction in well-being. Income volatility is widely studied in many advanced economies, yet little is known about income volatility in China. In this paper we document trends in earnings volatility and household income volatility in urban China and examine what are the driving forces. Using the China Urban Household Survey, we find that male earnings volatility increased by 89% between 1992 and 2009. Earnings volatility is higher for older, less educated, and those who work in private service sector and non-SOEs. Decomposition analysis suggests that couple’s earnings shocks are positively correlated, while transfer income and other income help smooth out head earnings shocks. In addition, transfer income and other non-transfer income plays a larger role in smoothing out head earnings shocks for poorer households. 相似文献
4.
本文以四个直辖市1998~2012年的城镇数据为样本,对城镇家庭高教消费对居民消费的影响进行了详细的实证分析。研究表明,家庭高教消费增加会增强居民预防性储蓄动机,进而导致居民消费减少。鉴于此,为了降低城镇家庭所承担的高等教育成本,最大限度的减少高等教育消费给居民生活带来的负面影响,政府应当采取相应的政策措施。 相似文献
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In this paper we examine the re-distributive role played by personal income taxes in developing countries. We begin with some initial reflections on the re-distributive role of the tax system. We then consider the relative success of developed and developing countries in using tax systems to redistribute income. Finally, we examine some alternatives in reforming the personal income tax, as well as options available to developing countries in designing and implementing more progressive fiscal systems. 相似文献
6.
收入分配与中国居民消费——理论和基于中国的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了城乡收入差距扩大对中国居民消费需求的影响.基于生命周期框架的理论研究表明,收入水平越高,居民平均消费倾向和边际消费倾向越低;收入差距越大,居民消费需求越低.文章使用1978—2008年我国28个省、市、自治区的面板数据对理论模型进行了实证检验.结果显示,收入水平提高10000元,居民平均消费倾向下降25.6%,边际消费倾向下降7%;城乡收入差距扩大1单位,居民消费率下降6.5个百分点.数值模拟结果表明,城乡收入差距扩大导致居民消费率在2000—2008年间下降了3.42个百分点,解释了这一期间居民消费率下降的30.8% 相似文献
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新疆农村信用社小额信贷与农户收入增长实证分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农村小额信贷的既有实践是否对增加新疆农户收入有贡献,这是关乎小额信贷如何在新疆农村深化发展的直接经验。本文基于在新疆典型地区实地调研获取的抽样数据,通过建立回归模型,分析得出新疆农村信用社开展的小额信贷与农户收入呈正相关关系,即新疆农村信用社开展的农户小额信用贷款有利于农户收入的增长,并提出新疆农村信用社应扩大农户小额信贷规模、深化农村信用社内控管理、协调与政府关系等方面的建议。 相似文献
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近年来针对股市资产价值变动与消费关系的研究多采用宏观数据,难以揭示股市资产价值变动对居民消费影响的细节。为克服以上缺陷,文章利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据分析股市资产价值变动对中国居民消费的影响。实证结果表明:(1)股市资产价值变动对居民消费的影响总体较弱,其中市值变动的财富效应主要体现在改善性消费上,而对饮食等日常必须消费和奢侈品消费影响较小,这可能与我国居民的收入结构和投资方式有关;(2)随着年龄增长,居民的收入分布和资产配置倾向发生改变,股市资产价值变动对不同年龄居民消费的影响呈现先减小后增大的U型分布。研究结论揭示了股市资产价值变动对居民消费影响的分布特征,为今后股市改革方向提供了建议。 相似文献
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本文运用Keynesian的绝对收入假设消费函数模型,充分考虑重庆直辖前后的差异,将消费与收入的数据分为直辖前和直辖后两个阶段分别进行协整检验并建立误差修正模型,然后对两个阶段所表现出的显著差异进行纵向对比分析,最后提出当前形势下刺激农村居民消费扩大的政策建议。 相似文献
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This paper investigates why household debt in Korea has increased so rapidly over the past decade and whether it is sustainable, adopting a multi-faceted approach which includes a time series analysis, a quantitative analysis based on household panel data, and an analysis using a debt dynamics equation derived from the household budget constraint. A regression analysis reveals that household debt growth has been significantly related to house price increases, banks’ lax attitudes toward household lending, and financial institutions’ favorable funding conditions. Also 70–80% of the total debt increase has been accounted for by high income or newly indebted households. The debt dynamics equation analysis shows that the rapid rise in the ratio of household debt to disposable income is attributable not only to the increase in household asset purchases but also to the dampened growth in disposable income and the reduced savings rate. The sustainability analyses indicate that Korean households’ debt sustainability is unlikely to deteriorate sharply within a short period of time unless two extreme scenarios, under which house prices decline by 5% a year over the next five years, or a significantly large macroeconomic shock similar to the 1997 crisis hits the economy, would be realized. 相似文献
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In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important. 相似文献
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In this study, we show how decisions to borrow from different formal and informal sources are associated with different types of disasters. We estimate the associations between loans from different sources using monthly panel data from Northern Bangladesh. Households borrow from different sources to cope with disasters. The cost of loans, however, may vary by the source of funds. MFI loans, while low in terms of interest cost, usually require a savings deposit, loan or application fee, with a longer trip or waiting time. Hence, households resort to loans from informal sources to deal with crises. We estimate the impulse responses of loans from different sources, which clearly show a hump-shape centring for the months of disasters. Pre-emptive loans are associated only with partially anticipated shocks. Aggregate shocks also limit how much households can borrow from their local peers. Our findings rationalise the roles played by both informal and formal micro-loans in crisis coping in Bangladesh, where the market for microfinance is ubiquitous. The development of the emergency credit market and the introduction of insurance services in rural areas will require the non-price costs of such financial products to be lowered. 相似文献
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This paper shows, using data from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey, that housing credit has become increasingly available over time in Japan, especially since 2000, and that this has made it easier for Japanese households to purchase housing and enabled them to do so at an earlier age. However, it also shows that the greater availability of housing credit has increased households’ housing loan repayment burden, which has resulted in their cutting back on their other consumption expenditures and created the potential for retirement insecurity. Another concern is that the increasing availability of housing credit has been accompanied by a pronounced shift from fixed-rate to variable-rate housing loans. This is cause for concern given the low level of financial literacy that prevails among the Japanese population and the likelihood that interest rates on variable-rate housing loans will be raised sooner or later as monetary policy is tightened. 相似文献
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食品消费的代际差异——基于中国健康与营养调查的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文使用CHNS2000、2004年的个体膳食调查数据,估计60年代和70年代生人的四大类食物(谷类、蔬菜类、畜肉类和蛋类)的消费函数。对回归结果进行分析发现,食品消费对于价格因素并不敏感,收入是影响消费决策的重要变量;并且代际差异确实存在。就收入弹性而言,两者在畜肉类食物上的差异最大。同时,对于收入引致的畜肉类食物消费增量与身体质量指数(BMI)增量之间关系的研究认为,两者存在显著正相关关系,这有助于解释70年代生人超重和肥胖人口比例迅速上升的现象。 相似文献
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基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据和\"北京大学数字普惠金融指数\",分析健康冲击对家庭消费的影响,以及数字普惠金融在其中所起的作用。基于固定效应模型的实证结果表明,健康冲击显著降低了家庭的非医疗消费支出,但数字普惠金融能有效地减轻这种影响;同时就分指标而言,数字普惠金融指标体系一级维度中的覆盖广度和使用深度,二级维度中的信贷、保险、货币基金以及支付这四个子指标均显著地平滑了冲击下的家庭消费。就作用机制而言,数字普惠金融主要通过缓解家庭流动性约束和强化非正式社交网络来帮助家庭应对健康冲击对消费的影响。异质性分析的回归结果显示,健康冲击对中西部地区、户主受教育水平较低以及金融素养水平较低的家庭影响更大,同时这种影响还与冲击的程度正相关,进而数字普惠金融的积极作用在这部分家庭中表现得更为明显。文章的研究结论进一步阐述了数字普惠金融发展对改善金融包容性的重要现实意义,并在微观层面上解释了数字普惠金融发展对改善家庭福利、防止因病致贫返贫的积极作用。 相似文献
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Using nationally representative income and expenditure data from South Korea, we show that single-person households suffered a much greater decrease in household income and expenditure compared to multi-persons households during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Negative effects on income were largest for the single-person households in ages 50—64, mostly driven by decreases in earned income rather than business income. There was no corresponding decrease in consumption expenditures, however, other than on transportation expenditure for young men. Notably, there were significant decreases in non-consumption expenditures that are related to formal and informal consumption-smoothing mechanisms, such as spending on insurances, pensions, and household transfers. Our findings highlight the disproportionately negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the middle-aged single-person households. With reduced spending on consumption-smoothing mechanisms, this group is likely to be even more vulnerable to negative income shocks in the future. 相似文献
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中日农民收入与消费结构比较研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
农村是我国最大的消费市场,目前我国农民消费需求不足已成为制约经济增长的主要因素之一。通过对日本与我国农民收入与消费结构的比较研究发现,我国农民不仅收入水平低,而且收入来源单一,这是造成农民的消费水平差异的主要原因。在消费结构方面,中日两国的变化趋势相似。这一研究对于解决我国的农民消费问题提供了一些启示。 相似文献
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KIRIDARAN KANAGARETNAM GERALD J. LOBO DONG‐HOON YANG 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2004,21(4):843-884
We examine whether and how managers use loan loss provisions to smooth income and to signal their private information about their banks' future prospects. Our paper highlights that the use of the loan loss provision to accomplish more than one objective gives rise to situation‐specific costs and benefits of manipulating the provision up or down. We hypothesize that relatively undervalued banks have greater incentives to signal their future prospects than fairly valued banks and that banks' incentives to smooth intensify as premanaged earnings deviate from norms. On the basis of these conjectures, we categorize sample banks into subgroups that are predicted to use loan loss provisions consistent with their situation‐specific incentives. This allows us to refine the research methods used in prior research to examine heterogeneous incentives. While we find evidence consistent with the use of loan loss provisions to smooth earnings, particularly when premanaged earnings are extreme, our evidence on signaling is less consistent. In particular, our signaling results depend on the introduction of an interaction term that has not been used in prior research. We also document that the intensity of smoothing (signaling) is not uniform across the sample. In addition to being a function of the incentive to smooth (signal), it also is a function of the incentive to signal (smooth). 相似文献
20.
促进文娱消费对于拉动文化产业高质量发展、满足人民精神文化需求至关重要,但我国居民文娱消费增速偏低,对此学界还欠缺足够的经验论证。文章基于人口年龄结构视角,利用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS2016)考察中国城镇居民人口年龄结构变迁对文娱消费的影响。实证结果发现:整体而言,城镇家庭少儿人口占比具有显著的文娱消费需求效应,但家庭老年人口占比增加对文娱消费需求形成挤压;进一步研究发现,文娱消费需求效应伴随少儿的成长表现更为旺盛,而老年阶段的文娱消费需求随着年岁增长愈加不敏感。进一步机制分析表明,家庭收入水平和教育程度能够正向调节家庭老龄化的文娱消费需求效应,在收入水平更高、教育背景更好的家庭,人口老龄化对文娱消费的挤出效应愈不明显;在教育背景、健康状况更优的家庭,少儿抚养数量增加带来的正向文娱消费需求会被部分挤出。旨在促进城镇居民文娱消费的政策应该顺应我国人口结构变动规律,充分尊重不同年龄消费群体的文娱消费选择及习惯,重点关注\"多子化\"、高收入、高学历家庭的文娱消费需求,在全面提高居民收入水平的基础上,培育发展壮大细分文娱产业和消费市场,让更多居民对文娱\"能消费\"、\"愿消费\"。 相似文献