An Event Option Pricing Model with Scheduled and Unscheduled Announcement Effects

There is considerable evidence supporting the time-varying distribution of asset returns. There is also ample evidence that scheduled announcement events such as money supply announcements (in the case of foreign exchange), earnings announcements (in the case of stocks), and crop reports (in the case of commodities), as well as random unscheduled events, can affect the level and volatility of asset returns. This study provides an Event Model for European call options which explicitly addresses effects of these two classes of events. This specification requires estimation of more parameters, but it could provide a more accurate basis for pricing options than previous Poisson jump-diffusion models. Parametric analysis shows that the standard models under price the options relative to the Event Model. The Event Model may be particularly useful in pricing short-term deep out-of-the-money options when scheduled events are present in the market.     

Reporting matters: the real effects of financial reporting on investing and financing decisions

In this paper, I provide an overview of the research on the real effects of financial reporting on investing and financing decisions made by firms. Accounting can improve investment efficiency and affect nearly every aspect of the financing decision by reducing information asymmetry and improving monitoring. However, limitations in the financial reporting system, specifically distinguishing liabilities from equity and determining control for consolidations, result in opportunities to structure transactions to achieve certain financial reporting outcomes. A recent new stream of research documents a link between accounting and macroeconomic indicators, providing evidence that accounting predicts revisions in these indicators. An interesting avenue for future research could be to investigate the link between accounting, investing and financing, and macroeconomic performance.     

Stock authorizations: A sequential equilibrium analysis

We develop a sequential equilibrium model of the common stock authorization process. We provide conditions under which actions that increase the number of slack shares, such as stock authorizations, generate negative announcement effects.     

贫困经济学研究

贫困现象的存在是一个无法回避和难以消除的客观现实。贫困形成的原因是十分复杂的，既有人文资源的又有自然环境的，既有历史的又有现实的，．．，常常是几种原因交错，需要“外力”援助。这种“外力”即来自于政府－扶持贫困是政府的天职。     

The Impact on Interest Rates of Unemployment Announcements and Their Revisions

The announced changes in monthly employment reports and in weekly new unemployment claim reports are based on new levels and on revisions to previous levels. We analyze the effect on interest rates of surprises to these two separate components of the changes. We find that for weekly reports the effect on interest rates of the new level is greater than the effect of the revisions. For monthly employment reports, the two components’ effects have similar strength.     

信息不对称对股票回购宣告效应的影响--基于A股市场公开市场回购事件的实证研究

本文以2011-2017年间发生在我国A股市场的公开市场回购事件为样本,探究了管理层与投资者之间信息不对称程度对股票回购宣告效应的影响。结果表明:上市公司可以通过公开市场回购取得显著正向的宣告效应,该效应与上市公司的信息不对称程度成正比,与既有估值水平成反比。这说明信息不对称程度对股票回购宣告效应具有较强的解释力,验证了"信号传递假说"在A股市场的适用性。     

An economic analysis of lead paint laws

In this paper we develop a theoretical framework for determining whether laws designed to reduce lead paint risk are consistent with efficiency. We do this in the context of both owner-occupied and rental housing, and under different informational scenarios depending on who has knowledge about the risk. Our results suggest that efficient lead paint laws would impose on property owners and landlords a duty to notify buyers and tenants about known risks but would not impose on them a duty to inspect for or abate the risk. Our review of the existing law shows that common law standards are largely consistent with efficiency, but statutory law is not.     

Determining returns to bidding firms’ shareholders using different benchmark methods: an Australian study

This article revisits the determinants of cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) for bidder firm shareholders around takeover bid announcements and in particular, if bidder CAR estimates differ significantly between conditional and unconditional models. The results indicate that CAR estimation is significantly different between the two models. The conditional model is theoretically superior to the traditional unconditional model due to the former controlling for unobservable factors surrounding the bid announcement. This study shows that it is important to account for unobservable factors in growth (organic versus takeover) strategies to infer the true effect of the bidder's characteristics on CAR.     

The new leisure society: An economic analysis

The impact, on work, of new technologies and the continuing existence of high levels of unemployment has received considerable attention—but very little thought has been given to the effects of such economic changes on leisure. This article reviews some historical trends in that sector and attempts to establish a frame-work for assessing the economic impact of leisure. After identifying the critical need for an understanding of the way individuals and families create and spend their leisure, the author assesses possible policy responses. He concludes that traditional economic policies (of control or public provision) are inadequate—an educational policy, aimed at widening perceptions of choice, should be developed.     

Announcement Effects and Asymmetric Volatility in Industry Stock Returns: Evidence from Taiwan

This study employs financial econometric models to examine the asymmetric volatility of equity returns in response to monetary policy announcements in the Taiwanese stock market. The meetings of the board of directors at the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) are considered for testing the announcement effects. The asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model and the smooth transition autoregression with GARCH model are used to measure equity returns' asymmetric volatility. We conclude that the asymmetric volatility of countercyclical equity returns can be identified. Our findings support the leverage effect of stock price changes for most industry equity returns in Taiwan.     

Asymmetric information and target firm returns

This article examines the relationship between asymmetric information and target firm returns in mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We argue that if managers possess favourable (unfavourable) asymmetric information, they will offer, ceteris paribus, a high (low) premium, affecting target firm returns accordingly. We propose several proxies of asymmetric information. The empirical evidence strongly supports our hypothesis as we find that target firm returns are significantly negatively related to asymmetric information regarding synergy gains. Our results are robust after controlling for several target and deal characteristics.     

会计制度不完全性的经济学分析

本文从制度经济学的角度对会计制度不完全性进行了分析 ,认为会计制度安排作为一种不完全合约 ,无论是在发达的市场经济国家 ,还是在转轨时期不完善的市场经济国家 ,会计制度的不完全性是客观存在的 ;此外 ,会计环境的复杂性、未来的不确定性及相关法规制度的不完善是会计制度不完全性的外在诱因。本文在分析我国经济转型期会计制度不完全性原因的基础上 ,提出完善我国会计制度的政策建议     

Quarterly Earnings Announcements and Market Risk Adjustments

We examine (1) whether there is a shift in beta for individual securities around quarterly earnings announcements, and (2) whether these beta changes relate to certain characteristics of the firms. We find a statistically significant upward (downward) beta shift during the two-day earnings announcement period for 25 per cent (9 per cent) of a sample of 195 US firms. We also find that the beta shift at the time of the earnings announcement is significantly higher for small firms (i.e., more precise announcements).     

Investment decisions: The trade-off between economic and environmental objectives

While there are broader socio-political, psychological, and structural factors that influence investment decisions (see Harris et al., 2016), in line with the critical approach, this study provides an empirical insight into the notion that financialization, specifically the tendency to prioritise economic over environmental objectives, has a strong bearing on how managers view investment trade-off decisions in relation to sustainability issues. The study empirically investigates this notion by examining the investment trade–off preferences of Australian managers in relation to three decision attributes – economic outcomes (i.e. financial returns), environmental impact (i.e. carbon emissions) and stakeholder pressure to consider environmental issues. We use the discrete choice experimental method to quantify the trade-offs between the above mentioned three attributes. In addition, we also investigate the potential effect of three contingency factors on individual's preferences. Specifically, at the organisational level, we explore the effects of financial and environmental rewards and at the individual level, we explore the effect of environmental consciousness. In line with the financialization hypotheses our results indicate that managers prioritise financial returns over carbon emissions and stakeholder pressures with the preference for financial returns found to be positively associated with rewards for financial performance. However, in line with the pragmatic approach and despite the overall dominance of financial returns, there is evidence that manager's focus on financial returns can be influenced, with the preference for financial returns negatively associated with rewards for environmental performance and environmental consciousness. In addition, while stakeholder pressure was not found to be associated with any of the three contingency factors and, manager's emphasis on carbon emissions was not associated with financial rewards, manager's emphasis on carbon emissions was found to be positively associated with both rewards for environmental performance and environmental consciousness. Therefore, our findings suggest that corporate management have an important role to play, both in respect to the design of performance rewards systems and the recruitment of environmentally conscious managers, in order to promote the sustainability agenda.     

中国产险公司再保险决策的影响因素与调整机制研究--基于持续性与趋同性特征的分析

本文以2006~2017年中国39家产险公司的非平衡面板数据为研究样本,从产险公司再保险决策的持续性和趋同性特征入手,测度了固定效应和传统因素对再保险决策的解释能力,并首次探析了产险公司再保险决策的调整机制问题。本文运用方差分解方法量化了固定效应和传统因素对再保险决策的解释能力;采用分布滞后模型估计了传统因素对再保险决策的中长期影响;运用局部调整模型识别了固定效应和传统因素对再保险决策的影响机制。研究发现:受公司固定效应的影响,产险公司的再保险决策具有很强的持续性,每年主要是根据年份固定效应所代表的监管政策等宏观因素的变化做出迅速调整,而根据反映公司经营特征的传统因素的时间序列变化所做出的调整并不明显。基于上述结果,本文建议监管者应注重提升监管政策的针对性,引导产险公司在综合考量各项经营指标的基础上,把再保险作为全面风险管理、经营效率提升的一项中长期战略安排。     

An empirical analysis of the economic impact of federal terrorism reinsurance

This paper examines the role of the federal government in the market for terrorism reinsurance. We investigate the stock price response of affected industries to a sequence of 13 events culminating in the enactment of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) of 2002. In the industries most likely to be affected by TRIA—banking, construction, insurance, real estate investment trusts, transportation, and public utilities-the stock price effect was primarily negative. The Act was at best value-neutral for property-casualty insurers because it eliminated the option not to offer terrorism insurance. The negative response of the other industries may be attributable to the Act's impeding more efficient private market solutions, failing to address nuclear, chemical, and biological hazards, and reducing market expectations of federal assistance following future terrorist attacks.     

转型期公平与效率关系的经济学分析

本文资产阶段经济学家由于阶段的局限性,将公平与与效率对立起来。在社会主义社会,公平与效率在理论上是协调一致的。在计划经济向市场经济转变的转型时期,对公平与效率的关系要作具体的历史的分析,效率原则和公平原则分别适用于市场内区域和市场外区域、适用于国民收入的不同分配过程。在实践中深入贯彻“效率优先,兼顾公平”的原则要注意六个方面的问题。     

An economic analysis of competitive bidding for public sector audit engagements

This study presents and tests an equilibrium pricing model for a public sector audit engagement. The bidding model's predictive accuracy was evaluated by comparing its predictions to the actual bids for a public sector audit engagement and to the predictions of an OLS regression model. The results are that predicted bids exhibited considerable variability and that associated prediction errors were sensitive to the underlying cost parameters. While the bidding model provided reasonably accurate predictions for the entire group of firms, it systematically overestimated the winning (lowest) bid. Possible explanations for this result are advanced and empirical implications are discussed.