沿海经济发达地区土地利用转移特征及驱动因素——以深圳市南山区为例

土地利用/土地覆被变化是研究全球环境变化的重要基础。近二十年来,深圳市南山区土地利用变化明显,分析其土地利用变化驱动因素,对于研究沿海经济发达城市的土地利用变化和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文利用Landsat遥感影像数据和社会经济统计数据,使用土地利用转移矩阵模型分析研究区1996-2016年土地利用变化特征和转移特征,并探究其变化原因。结果表明,建设用地呈现持续增长的趋势,主要来源于水体、未利用地、耕地和林地的转入,但在后十年速度放缓,耕地、园地、水体、未利用地面积呈递减趋势;建设用地是土地利用变化最明显的土地类型,其驱动因素主要受到经济、人口、政策的综合影响,形成了当前南山区的土地利用格局。     

鄂东南丘陵地区土地利用变化及驱动力研究——以崇阳县为例

利用1996-2005年土地利用统计和社会经济统计数据,运用数理统计分析方法,选取土地利用动态变化相关模型,对鄂东南丘陵地区崇阳县的土地利用变化及其驱动力进行了分析;结果表明,土地利用结构发生了明显变化,土地利用变化速度较快,土地利用程度较高,土地利用处于调整期;人类活动对景观格局有较为明显的影响;人口、经济发展和政策是崇阳县土地利用变化的主要驱动因素。     

扬州市土地利用动态变化及其驱动因素分析

综合分析1996-2004 年扬州市土地利用动态变化状况,建立3种模型,比对在每一种模型下土地利用类型转移和新增过程及其面积变化、空间变化的差异.利用GIS软件分析影响扬州市土地利用变化的自然地理驱动因素;同时寻求社会经济政策驱动力对土地利用变化的作用.最后提出合理利用土地资源的政策建议,以推进土地利用变化向经济、社会、生态最优方向发展.     

徐州市土地利用变化及其驱动机制分析

基于徐州市2002~2007年统计年鉴和徐州市国土资源局的土地现状和变更调查等相关数据,采用土地利用率、土地利用动态度和土地利用程度变化量三项指标对5年间土地利用现状及变化特征做出分析和总结.并选取了12项驱动因子指标,运用 spss 统计软件,采用相关分析法,对影响徐州市土地利用变化的驱动因子进行定性分析和定量验证,结果表明:影响徐州市土地利用的主要社会经济驱动因子是总人口数、全社会固定资产投资、工业总产值,GDP 以及产业结构.进而建立了土地利用变化驱动机制模型,并提出促进徐州市土地资源可持续利用的建议与对策,以期为徐州市正确认识土地利用现状,合理制定未来土地利用政策提供一定的参考依据.     

重庆市土地利用结构信息熵时序变化及驱动力研究

运用信息熵理论对重庆市1997-2006年的土地利用结构信息熵进行计算与分析.描述区域土地利用信息熵在时间尺度上的动态演变规律,并对影响土地利用结构信息熵的驱动力进行典型相关分析.结果表明:整体上,重庆市土地利用结构信息熵随时间呈不断上升趋势,土地利用结构趋向均衡、均质性逐渐增强.影响重庆市土地利用结构信息熵演变的主要社会经济驱动因素为粮食播种面积、人均GDP、固定资产投资额总计、农民人均纯收入、城镇化率、总人口和人均蔬菜产量.     

中国省区土地利用差异驱动因素实证研究

研究目的:从区域层次上和时空尺度上研究中国省区土地利用差异的成因及其驱动因素,为土地利用规划和管理提供依据.研究方法:应用SPSS软件进行定量分析.研究结果:揭示了中国省区土地利用差异的驱动因素及其影响规律.研究结论:土地利用差异的实质是土地利用结构差异,在生态环境质量的刚性约束下,改变土地利用方式,实行节约和集约利用土地,实现低占地经济增长和土地资源可持续利用.     

基于GIS的苏州工业园区土地利用时空变化分析

基于GIS技术,利用土地利用动态度、土地转移矩阵模型对苏州工业园区1995-2013年间的土地利用时空变化进行分析,在此基础上进行土地利用变化驱动力分析。结果表明：18年间,苏州工业园区城市化十分迅速,其土地利用类型发生了一定的转化,耕地主要转化为城镇工矿、交通用地和园地,未利用地主要转化为城镇工矿、交通用地和耕地;在这18年间,工业园区土地利用变化的驱动力主要来自于人文因素的影响,人口增长、经济发展以及政策驱动是导致苏州工业园区土地利用变化的三个主要因素。     

区域土地利用格局变化及驱动因素研究——以湖北省鄂州市为例

区域土地利用变化过程、格局与驱动力研究是揭示全球与区域尺度土地利用/覆盖变化规律的有效方法。采用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度和土地利用转移矩阵等模型方法,分析土地利用变化特征、各地类转化方向以及土地利用变化驱动因素。研究结果表明:18年间,研究区域土地利用变化显著,耕地面积减少最大,减幅达到28.39%,主要转移方向为建设用地、养殖和林地。养殖水面和建设用地大量增加,增幅分别为200.62%、84.83%,主要增加来源为耕地和水体。土地利用变化主要驱动因素为人口增加、经济增长、政策因素、城市规划以及人民生活水平提高。     

2014年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2015年展望——土地利用与规划分报告

研究目的:总结2014年国内外土地利用与规划方面的研究进展,展望2015年国内研究趋势。研究方法:文献调研法。研究结果:2014年国外研究主要集中在土地利用动态监测技术与方法、土地利用变化驱动因素与模拟、土地规划理念与技术、土地利用管理措施等方面;国内研究侧重在土地分类调查与监测技术、土地利用变化机制与效应、土地利用评价、规划协同与土地规划技术创新、土地利用管控策略等方面。研究结论:土地调查监测的理念与方法创新、土地利用生态环境保护、国土空间合理利用评价、国土空间规划理论体系完善和土地节约集约利用策略研究将是2015年及未来土地利用与规划领域着重研究的方向。     

国内土地利用功能演变研究进展

目的 通过对我国土地利用功能演变相关研究进展进行综述,发现当前研究中存在的瓶颈问题,探寻该研究领域未来的发展方向,以期丰富我国土地利用功能演变理论与实证研究。方法 文章采用文献梳理及归纳总结法,从土地利用功能评价、土地利用功能演变、土地利用功能演变驱动机制等三方面对其进行综述与讨论。结果 当前我国在土地利用功能演变方面的研究不断丰富、取得阶段性成果,但由于土地利用功能演变受到多因素综合作用,对其研究还存在以下不足：土地利用功能评价指标体系尚未建立统一的标准;缺乏微观、宏观与微观尺度相结合的应用;评价方法较单一;精细化空间分析、驱动机制的研究存在不足。结论 多尺度评价指标体系的构建和土地利用功能演变对比分析、自然与人文因素驱动机制的辨析、多方法配套分析和多学科结合研究是该领域未来的发展方向。     

The forest transition: Towards a more comprehensive theoretical framework

Building on the contributions of Mather and others, this paper offers an approach for developing a more comprehensive theory of the forest transition. We argue that long-run changes in forest cover in a country or region cannot be separated from the overall pattern of land use changes. Moreover, this pattern is determined by relative land values; forest cover changes over time as the value of one land use relative to the value of its competing use changes over time. However, the actual values that are used to allocate land may be far from optimal; that is, the presence of market, policy and institutional failures can distort economic and political incentives that can lead to bias in favour of one type of land use over the other, and may ultimately explain why a forest transition may be delayed unnecessarily in some countries and regions.     

Special issue: Environmental risk mitigation for sustainable land use development

The Special Issue (SI) “Environmental Risk Mitigation for Sustainable Land Use Development” presents seventeen interrelated papers addressing the key concept of environmental risk mitigation and sustainable land use development. The issue argues that risk mitigation depends directly on the risk assessment analysis and the quality of applied measures. Therefore, the more precise are risk assessment conclusions, the better the risk mitigation measures would be. This collection of papers follows the vision of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (Sendai Framework) which states that the integration of sustainable development objectives into disaster risk mitigation and adaptation at all levels and at all stages of policy action are of paramount importance for the sustainability of our communities. The final purpose of the issue is to address the mutual roles of land use policy on environmental risk mitigation and adaptation, especially disaster risks.     

常德市土地利用/覆被变化分析

通过GIS空间分析功能,选取常德市的四个县市:桃源县、汉寿县、临澧县、津市市,从土地利用现状、土地利用时空变化、土地利用类型动态度、土地利用程度变化以及土地利用变化区域差异等五个方面对常德市2009年和2012年土地利用、覆被变化进行定量、定性分析比较。研究结果表明:12009-2012年期间,四个县市的城镇、交通水利等建设用地需求持续增加;2 2009-2012年期间,土地利用程度综合指数呈增长的趋势;3常德市2009-2012年间土地利用程度变化不大,并且区域不平衡;4 2009-2012年期间,四个县市中相对变化最大的为临澧县城镇建设用地。     

土地社会功能分类框架探讨

以土地社会功能的公共服务、经济、社会保障功能为立足点,建立土地社会功能分类框架,并对主要功能内涵进行初步界定。根据分类目的、依据和原则、分类方法,提出分类系统包括公共服务功能、经济功能、保障功能3个一级类,8个二级类以及23个三级类。通过和已有的土地社会功能分类成果对比,本分类框架对土地社会功能界定更为清晰、涵盖更为全面,能够为土地功能的深入研究提供基础依据。     

Stakeholder perceptions and governance challenges in urban protected area management: The case of the Las Piñas – Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area,Philippines

The conservation and management of protected areas in urban settings has become increasingly challenging with dynamics over land use change in adjacent urban areas being highly relevant to, but at times conflicting with, the protected area. This study seeks to better understand the implications of land use change processes to urban protected area management through the case study of the Las Piñas – Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. Factors and processes influencing land use change and protected area management and the impact of stakeholders’ perceptions on protected area were analyzed. The urban protected area in itself has limited influence on its surrounding urban areas, as land use change in these areas is shaped more by social, economic and policy/institutional factors occurring within the context of urban-regional development. The study also found that land use conflict is evident in an urban protected area due to the competing ecosystem services derived by various stakeholders. This discord is deepened by the lack of coordination between land use planning and protected area management. Integrating protected area management with land use planning through legally binding instruments, specific timeframes and clear internal procedures can help resolve land use conflict for an urban protected area at the strategic or policy level.     

Why have land use change models for the Amazon failed to capture the amount of deforestation over the last decade?

Land cover change in the Neotropics represents one of the major drivers of global environmental change. Several models have been proposed to explore future trajectories of land use and cover change, particularly in the Amazon. Despite the remarkable development of these tools, model results are still surrounded by uncertainties. None of the model projections available in the literature plausibly captured the overall trajectory of land use and cover change that has been observed in the Amazon over the last decade. In this context, this study aims to review and analyze the general structure of the land use models that have most recently been used to explore land use change in the Amazon, seeking to investigate methodological factors that could explain the divergence between the observed and projected rates, paying special attention to the land demand calculations. Based on this review, the primary limitations inherent to this type of model and the extent to which these limitations can affect the consistency of the projections will also be analyzed. Finally, we discuss potential drivers that could have influenced the recent dynamic of the land use system in the Amazon and produced the unforeseen land cover change trajectory observed in this period. In a complementary way, the primary challenges of the new generation of land use models for the Amazon are synthesized.     

Urban spill over vs. local urban sprawl: Entangling land-use regulations in the urban growth of China's megacities

Rather than a bad case of urban sprawl, the physical expansion of China's megacities may be viewed as a combination of ‘urban spill over’ and ‘local urban sprawl’. This paper reviews land use regulations in their institutional context and argues that conflicts in land use regulation are related to ideologies of land ownership and embedded in different planning doctrines. These hypotheses are investigated with special reference to Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province in southern China. The evidence suggests that entangled land use regulations for “urban” and “rural” land have imposed serious constraints on urban growth, while the contradictions of different policies and regulations in the use of rural lands for urban construction have led to intensive and unhealthy competition among stakeholders. As a result, not only have the costs of land conversion from rural to urban uses increased, but the spatial development of Guangzhou has been distorted. The implications of these failures for future policy are discussed with emphasis on the reform of the land use regulation system.     

How has Oregon's land use planning system affected property values?

Oregon's landmark land use planning system has been criticized for imposing large negative effects on landowners’ property values, although evidence to support these claims has been lacking. This paper examines longitudinal data for undeveloped parcels since before adoption of the planning system. The sample includes parcels under different land use regulations, and it compares Oregon to Washington. The results indicate generally that property values have increased at similar rates both inside and outside urban growth boundaries, and across parcels zoned for different uses and across state lines. The results are consistent both with theory and with other studies indicating land use regulations can have positive, neutral or negative effects.     

A comparison of land unit delineation techniques for land evaluation in the Western Cape,South Africa

Land evaluation, an integral part of land use planning, has been established as one of the preferred methods to support sustainable land use management. In essence, land evaluation aims to compare and match each potential land use with the properties of individual parcels of land, also called land units. A land unit is an area that is, according to predetermined properties, different from the surrounding land and can be assumed to have homogeneous land properties (e.g. climate, soils, cover). Land components (also called landform elements, terrain units or land surface segments) are often used as land units, mainly because their boundaries frequently coincide with transitions in environmental conditions. Although land components have traditionally been delineated by studying topographical maps, interpreting aerial photographs and making field measurements, such manual mapping techniques are very time-consuming and subjective. Land component maps can be generated more objectively and faster by using computer algorithms. This paper compares the maps produced by three algorithms, namely the automated land component mapper (ALCoM), the iterative self-organizing data analysis technique algorithm (ISODATA) and multi-resolution image segmentation (MRS), to determine which technique produces the most homogenous and morphologically representative land components for an area in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The results revealed that the three methods produced significantly different land component maps. While ISODATA's units were relatively homogenous, their boundaries rarely followed morphological discontinuities. ALCoM performed better in delineating land components along terrain discontinuities, but produced relatively heterogeneous land components. Overall, MRS performed consistently well and was significantly more sensitive to morphological discontinuities than the other two methods tested. Land use managers should, however, use MRS with care as more research is needed to determine what effect its different input parameters have on land unit boundaries.     

土地利用战略研究再认识

从土地利用战略研究的涵义、理念与我国现行土地利用战略研究的范式出发,分析了当前我国土地利用战略研究的不足与存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了一些完善我国土地利用战略研究的建议。