Determinants of the method of payment in mergers and acquisitions

We empirically investigate the determinants of the payment form in mergers and acquisitions and introduce new variables on the target and acquirer investment characteristics to evaluate whether the concerns of target and acquirer shareholders are taken into account. Our sample encompasses mergers between publicly listed US companies from 1985 to 2004. Similarly we also consider the determinants of announcement returns using the same set of variables. We establish the relevance of a previously unreported variable for the determination of the payment form, the correlation of returns between target and acquirer, besides the more established determinants hostile takeovers, and defence mechanisms; weak evidence is found for the significance of budget constraints and no evidence for asymmetric information or tax considerations being a relevant factor. We do not find that announcement returns are explained by the variables considered.     

公营事业员工对民营化态度的研究

文章主要探讨了台湾地区台电员工对公司民营化的态度,并对其中572名员工做了问卷调查。调查结果表明,台电员工对公司民营化后公司竞争力的认同高于对员工保障的认同,员工比较认同公司提升经营绩效、提升公司竞争力、增加公司利润、提高生产力、提高员工努力工作的诱因等调查项,而工作量不会加重、不会被减薪、不会被裁员、工作有保障、福利会更好等几项员工认同率较低。     

On bank privatization: The case of Egypt

This paper discusses the controversy regarding the privatization of the banking sector in Egypt. It provides an overview of the structure and evolution of the banking system, in the context of the series of reform measures undertaken by the Egyptian authorities over the past decades. The paper assesses the performance of the state-owned banks versus private banks over the period 1995–2005. Microprudential indicators, such as capital adequacy, asset quality, earnings, and profitability, reveal that state-owned banks lag behind in terms of efficiency and performance, compared to their private counterparts. Results also suggest that retaining government ownership can adversely affect banks performance. The paper explores the factors hindering the smooth implementation of bank privatization. The authors indicate that the financial sector reform currently adopted is comprehensive; however it is confronted with various political, social, and economic risks, which raise concerns regarding its sustainability. The paper then draws on the existing literature to provide guidance to policy makers, regarding effective and successful implementation of bank privatization.     

劳资和谐对公营事业民营化推动的影响

文章主要论述了劳资和谐对公营事业民营化推动的影响,通过对台湾地区中钢公司资深员工的深入调查,并经调查资料分析,证明中钢公司民营化顺利原因主要在于劳资和谐,而且中钢公司民营化最重要的做法是保障员工的权益,最后文章提出可行性建议,供有关单位及人员参考。     

Determinants of the Confucius Institute establishment

This paper investigates the determinants of the Confucius Institute (CI) establishment. It is shown that FDI, trade, geographical distance, developing country, and English speaking are important factors whereas GDP and population are marginally significant. Overall, CIs are under-represented in a non-English, distant, less wealthy developing country that trades infrequently with China. The results suggest that the CI network will have greater global impacts when new or more CIs are established in non-English speaking developing countries. However, potential mutual benefits between China and these under-representing countries should be preconditions in order to attract CIs in the countries.     

台湾公营事业民营化的发展及其对大陆的启示

台湾自1953年公布"公营事业移转民营条例"正式推动民营化政策至今,其历史已超过50年,文章从民营化法令修订更迭历程分析其趋势,发现台湾公营事业民营化的政策朝加强员工权益保障、容许部分民营化、重视公股管理等趋向发展,据此对大陆公营事业民营化政策推动提出5项启示供参考。     

Fiscal impact of privatization revisited: The role of tax revenues in transition economies

In contrast to earlier literature, this paper finds empirical evidence that privatization has deteriorated fiscal balances in transition economies. The investigation focuses on the role of tax revenues in explaining the fiscal impact of privatization, as it appears that tax revenue in many transition countries remained lackluster even after the adoption of several tax reforms in the last two decades, and no formal econometric assessment has been conducted of the extent to which privatization has affected tax revenues. Using panel data for 29 Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries, the analysis finds robust signs of a strong negative impact of privatization on different tax revenue sources. The paper also provides some empirical evidence favoring the early adoption of value-added taxes that appear to have contributed to government revenue recovery.     

Determinants of retail sales in SMSAs

This paper develops a theoretical model to explain consumer behavior in the context of spatially extensive retail markets. Several socio-economic variables influencing total and per capita retail sales are identified and their effects on sales are predicted. The theoretical framework presented in this paper serves to link location theoretic arguments to the retail trade arena and to provide a guideline for the empirical work reported. The empirical work encompasses nine retail trade sectors plus retailing in the aggregate. Good results are obtained for total sales and credible results for per capita sales using data from 229 United States SMSAs.     

Determinants of the rate of subdivision development

The subdivision development process is reviewed and an assessment made of the factors which affect the rate at which vacant single-family detached lots come onto the market. A one-equation behavioral model of this flow is then formulated and estimated. The empirical results indicate that, in addition to seasonal factors which affect the flow of lots, the rate of interest and the wage component of servicing costs have an inverse effect on this flow, and the selling price of serviced lots a positive effect.     

Determinants of premiums in acquisition transactions

This paper presents a framework to identify the determinants of acquisition premiums so as to explain their cross-section variability. Observed premiums are predicted to be positively related to (1) the magnitude of the acquiring firm's estimate of acquisition gains and (2) the acquired firm's relative bargaining strength. Increased acquisition gains are argued to result from two sources—underpricing and undermanagement. The variables representing these sources are constructed from pre-acquisition data. A gains variable based on the post-acquisition stock-price reactions of the acquiring and acquired firm is also constructed. It is argued that acquired-firm bargaining strength is enhanced by an increase in the degree of competition in the acquisitions market and by the inclusion of anti-takeover amendments in the acquired firm's corporate charter. The predictions are tested on a sample of 77 completed cash-for-stock and stock-for-stock acquisitions over the time period 1975–80. The empirical results provide strong support for the predicted effects of the determinants of (2) and mixed support for the determinants of (1). This is the first study to document the predicted effects of anti-takeover amendments on observed premiums.     

日本物流装备2009年度产销情况

借助对近年来各种物流装备的产量和销售额的详细统计,读者可以概括了解日本物流装备产业的发展状况。     

电果网:将农产品B2C销售进行到底

电果网是一家专注于通过网络销售水果等农产品的企业,2008年底转型为水果B2C电子商务公司,目前经营商品的种类已拓展至水果、干果、土特产、杂粮、红酒、蜂产品、茶、食用油、有机蔬菜、花卉、海鲜、蛋、菌菇等13大类绿色农产品,2010年销售额突破500万元,年     

The optimal timing of initial public offerings in the course of privatization: Theory and an illustrative application

Privatization has been studied primarily from the standpoint of the post-privatization performance of state-owned firms (SOEs) or of various ways of valuing and privatizing them, but little attention has been paid to the timing of privatization. In this paper we use real options analysis to consider a situation where the government has the option to delay a planned privatization in the expectation that exogenous events may make the firm more valuable to outside investors in the future. In addition to considering the theoretical aspects of the problem, we apply our model to Taiwan's privatization program to add to the understanding of the role of option value in an actual privatization program. Our results suggest that the (mis)timing of privatization represents significant losses for the government and for investors.     

Determinants of Youth Suicide

A bstract .   This study empirically examines determinants of youth (age 15–24) suicide over the 1960–1998 period. It finds that the rate of youth suicide was positively influenced by the divorce rate, the violent crime rate, and the Vietnam War, and negatively influenced by the percent of the total population composed of those age 15–24. The first three variables have been ignored in the research and the latter is at odds with the "conventional wisdom."