高管薪酬水平对企业绩效的影响研究

本文通过沪深两市701家企业2012~2014年A股数据研究高管薪酬对企业绩效的影响,将高管薪酬分为水平探究其对以每股收益衡量的企业绩效的影响,得出高管薪酬水平与企业绩效正相关,并考虑了高企业规模以及独董比例,公司规模等相关影响因素,为企业合理设置高管薪酬以及提升企业绩效提供一定的参考。     

ESG表现、创新能力与企业绩效提升

以2012年至2021年我国A股制造业上市公司为样本,实证考察ESG（即环境、社会和公司治理）表现对企业绩效的影响机制。研究发现：良好的ESG表现可促进制造业上市公司绩效显著提升;通过异质性分析发现,对于非国有、非重污染制造业上市公司来说,ESG表现所发挥的促进作用更为显著;机制分析表明,制造业上市公司ESG表现通过创新驱动可促进绩效的改善。     

股权结构视角下的企业绩效探讨——中国A股上市公司的实证检验

本文分析了国内外关于股权结构与企业绩效的影响因素,运用回归分析方法,以ROE作为企业绩效的度量指标,考察2008～2010年间我国A股上市公司股权集中度、股权制衡度对企业绩效的影响因素。研究结果表明,与"壕沟防御效应"、"利益协同效应"假说一致,股权集中度与公司绩效呈显著的正U型关系;股权制衡度有助于改善企业绩效的假说也得到实证结果的验证。最后,本文提出了构建大股东多元化、企业大股东相互制衡的治理机制以及健全保护中小投资者利益的法律法规等政策建议。     

ESG绩效能促进重污染行业企业高质量发展吗？——基于媒体监督的调节作用

作为经济高质量发展的微观主体,企业如何兼顾环境保护和经济发展的双重任务,一直以来备受关注。文章选取2011-2020年我国A股重污染行业上市公司数据,分析环境、社会和公司治理ESG绩效对企业高质量发展的影响。研究发现：重污染行业中,ESG绩效对企业高质量发展存在显著的正向影响;媒体监督显著加强了ESG绩效对企业高质量发展的正向影响;ESG绩效对企业高质量发展的正向作用,因产权性质和市场化进程的不同存在差异。文章有助于明确ESG对重污染行业企业高发展质量的影响,为企业重视和开展ESG活动、提高ESG绩效提供了经验数据,同时证实了微观企业主体促进宏观经济高质量发展的可行性。     

中小企业板上市公司股权结构、公司治理与企业绩效:基于随机前沿生产函数的分析

本文通过构建深圳中小企业板上市公司股权结构影响企业绩效的复合随机前沿生产函数,利用2006—2008年面板数据对中小企业的股权结构和企业绩效的关系进行了经验研究,结果表明中小企业的股权集中度与企业绩效之间显著正相关,这与国内文献中对大公司的经验研究结果一致,表明当前上市公司的股权集中有利于公司治理改善和企业绩效的提高。但是第一大股东持股比率却与绩效负相关,这与对大公司的研究结论相反,表明在中小企业中存在较为明显的"隧道挖掘"现象,"一股独大"在中小企业中并不利于公司治理。研究结果还表明,国家、法人、外资或个人对公司治理的绩效无显著差异;流通股比重、高管持股、研发人员投入等都与企业绩效不相关;中小企业具有较强的股权融资倾向,不符合"啄食顺序"的资本结构理论。     

股权结构与资本结构对上市企业绩效的影响分析

公司绩效是指在一定经营期内公司利用资源进行经营活动的成果,其也是一个公司得以生存的根本。在公司内部治理过程中,股权结构是非常关键的内容,影响着公司的经营、投资与治理,进而影响公司绩效。而资本结构则是外部治理中的重要机制,影响着公司的融资成本、税收和风险等,进而影响公司绩效。本文在概述股权结构、资本结构与公司绩效,分析股权结构与资本结构对公司绩效影响的理论研究的基础上,通过实证分析了股权结构与资本结构对上市企业绩效的影响,以期为优化结构,提高上市企业绩效提供参考。     

公司治理、机构投资者与企业绩效——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

公司治理与机构投资者对企业绩效存在影响,公司治理与机构投资者存在内生性。本文选取中国2003～2007年上市公司数据,运用最小二乘法和二阶段回归法,对公司治理、机构投资者与企业绩效三者的关系进行实证研究。研究发现:机构投资者与公司治理正相关,与企业绩效存在正相关;公司治理与企业绩效正相关,公司治理的改善有助于提高企业绩效;机构投资者偏好政府控制企业和绩效好的企业。研究为进一步提升中国企业绩效提供了理论参考。     

绿色投资对环境绩效的影响分析——基于中国传统能源企业的实证研究

文章以2011—2020年46家A股上市的传统能源公司为样本，利用最小二乘法探究绿色投资对企业环境绩效的影响。研究表明：企业绿色投资可以通过缓解融资约束水平显著改善环境绩效；企业的ESG表现和政府补贴对绿色投资促进环境绩效有负向调节作用；异质性分析发现绿色投资对环境绩效的改善作用在国有企业中表现得更为显著。基于研究结果，提出企业应积极参与绿色投资实践、完善公司治理；政府应完善环境规制政策、重视企业产权性质、提高政策效率等对策建议。     

董事会独立性与企业创新绩效——基于广义倾向得分匹配的实证研究

本文基于2006～2017年A股企业数据,运用广义倾向得分匹配分析法检验了董事会独立性程度对企业创新绩效的影响,并研究了不同产权性质企业间的差异。研究发现,在董事会独立性程度较低时,二者呈正向关系,且国有企业敏感程度大于非国有企业;进一步研究发现,独立性程度较高时,国有企业创新绩效平缓上升,而非国有企业呈下降趋势,且敏感程度大于国有企业。此外,研究发现国有企业创新绩效普遍高于非国有企业,验证了产权性质与效率问题中的"促进说"。并针对研究结果提出了相关政策建议,对我国完善企业公司治理,发展技术创新,实现产业升级具有一定的参考价值。     

女性高管、企业社会责任与企业绩效

本文以我国A股上市公司2015-2017年的相关数据为样本,实证检验女性高管、企业社会责任履行对企业绩效的影响效果。结果表明:女性高管比例越高,越有利于企业社会责任的履行,进一步地会促进企业长期绩效的提高。     

Leverage and acquisition performance

From an agency perspective, leverage may have a positive effect on firm performance by limiting managers’ ability to allocate resources to unproductive uses, as well as increasing pressure on them to perform well. Consequently, we might expect leverage to have a positive impact on acquisition performance. However, the increased risks associated with higher leverage, combined with the other risks inherent in an acquisition, could also cause managers to take actions to reduce risk even if doing so is contrary to value maximization. High debt levels might also limit managerial discretion over how resources are allocated during the acquisition process, which can have a negative impact on performance. We investigate the effect of leverage on post-acquisition stock performance and find that post-acquisition performance is decreasing in leverage brought by the target firm and in additional leverage taken on to execute the acquisition. This negative performance is clustered among acquirers who are already financially constrained. Our results are robust to various returns measurement methodologies and to the inclusion of several controls known to predict future returns. Our results also represent viable investment strategies, and suggest that the market underestimates difficulties that arise from acquisition-related increases in leverage.     

THE VALUE ADDED BY BANK ACQUISITIONS: LESSONS FROM WELLS FARGO'S ACQUISITION OF FIRST INTERSTATE

Wells Fargo's recent acquisition of First Interstate Bancorp represents one of the relatively uncommon cases in which the economic values of both the acquiring and acquired banks increased sharply upon announcement of the deal. The transaction is also one of the few cases where the bidder in a major bank acquisition chose purchase instead of pooling accounting–despite the fact that the deal was openly hostile and that Wells Fargo had to fight off a competing bid from First Bank Systems.
Based on the stock market's reaction to this merger battle, as well as the results of their study of 153 bank mergers over the period 1985–1991, the authors argue that the most promising mergers are those presenting large opportunities to reduce costs by eliminating redundant operations. The stock market is much less responsive to other merger rationales such as diversification or entry into new markets in pursuit of growth.
The Wells case also suggests that a preoccupation with the accounting treatment of a merger is a mistake if it becomes the primary reason for turning down a deal that creates economic value, or if it prevents the bidder from choosing the lowest-cost method of financing the deal. Throughout the bidding contest for First Interstate, the stock market responded positively to the success of Wells Fargo's efforts, even though purchase accounting would have a large adverse impact on reported earnings.
But if the stock market does not appear to care about the accounting treatment of a merger, the method of financing does appear to matter to investors. In general, acquisitions financed with cash are viewed more favorably by the market than stockfunded transactions. The evidence also suggests, however, that acquiring firms can reduce the negative impact of stock deals by making conditional offers (those in which the number of shares depends on the stock price performance of the acquirer) and by combining such offers with stock repurchase programs.     

Investment Decisions and Managerial Discipline: Evidence from the Takeover Market

This article focuses on the relative importance of boards of directors and the hostile takeover market in disciplining managers who make poor acquisition decisions. The evidence shows a weak inverse relationship between acquisition performance and the likelihood of becoming a takeover target, but only after it becomes clear that the internal control mechanism has failed. A forced turnover of a top executive was more likely in the 1990s, the more negative the abnormal return associated with an acquisition announcement. The relationship between forced turnover and negative acquisition returns is stronger when hostile takeover activity is less intense. Hence, it appears that being disciplined for making a poor acquisition is a function more of the internal control mechanism than of the workings of the takeover market.     

Corporate name changes: Price reactions and long-run performance

Stock price reactions and long-run performance after a corporate name change are investigated using a sample of Hong Kong listed companies spanning 1999 to 2008. Corporate name changes are classified into four types. Investors react positively around the announcement date to changes announced as being due to a merger or acquisition, a restructuring or a change in business type. Name changes to provide clarity or for reputational reasons generate no stock price reaction. No abnormal trading activity is detected around the announcement and in the post-event period. There is very weak evidence of a relationship between long-run abnormal stock returns, operating performance changes and corporate name changes. The results suggest that name changes have short-term stock price effects but no long-term relationship with stock price or operating performance.     

Is the Selection of the Amortization Period for Goodwill a Strategic Choice?

This study examines whether the choice of amortization life for purchased goodwill is predictive of the firm's post-acquisition earnings levels, given that shorter lives could lead to a dilution in earnings. Our findings support this interpretation. Further, consistent with Andrade (2001), we demonstrate a link between post-acquisition earnings changes and stock performance. These results suggest that the amortization life chosen is a reliable predictor of the success of the acquisition both in terms of earnings changes and future stock performance. These findings are relevant since the information concerning the life chosen was eliminated by the adoption of SFAS No. 142.     

The long-term performance of acquiring firms: A re-examination of an anomaly

In this paper, we investigate the long-term stock return performance of Canadian acquiring firms in the post-event period by using 1300 M&A events in the 1993–2002 period. We use both event-time and calendar-time approaches and conduct robustness tests for benchmarks, methodological choices, statistical techniques and other related factors such as payment methods. We also assess the role of governance variables. Contrary to stylized facts reported in US studies, neither do we find negative abnormal long-term abnormal stock market returns once we account for methodological discrepancies nor do we find negative long-term operating performance in the post-acquisition periods for the acquirer following an acquisition event. We also find that the Canadian market reacts positively to acquisition announcements but corrects for this reaction within a short period of time. Overall we find that Canadian acquisitions do not show value destruction or overpayment.     

Was Deng Xiaoping Right? An Overview of China's Equity Markets

In the western world, stock markets arose from the search by privately owned companies for capital to build their businesses. Over time, the markets became places where ownership interests and even entire companies were bought and sold. In China, the complete opposite has happened. The markets arose out of the need for capital by bankrupt state‐owned enterprises operating in an economy with no history of private property. Deng Xiaoping, China's last emperor, gave the green light for the stock market experiment in early 1992 more with the hope of encouraging reform and efficiency than from any conviction that stock markets were the next sure thing. Now, after more than 20 years of experimentation with domestic and international listings, it appears evident that stock markets whose primary function is to trade minority interests in government‐controlled companies have not achieved the goal of improving enterprise performance, as China's leaders originally hoped. Instead, the combination of state monopolies with Wall Street expertise and international capital has led to the creation of national companies that represent little more than the incorporation of China's old Soviet‐style industrial ministries. As for the markets, the government's determination to prevent real privatization has produced separate classes of shares that are defined almost entirely by one thing: the shareholder's relationship to the government. And with all aspects of stock market activity regulated, managed, and owned by various state agencies, it is not surprising that non‐state investors have become motivated more by speculative opportunities than by investment fundamentals. But a quarter of a century is a short time in any country's development and, for all their shortcomings, the markets in mainland China and Hong Kong have played a significant role raising capital for China. It may be too early, perhaps, to suggest that China's equity markets have failed to accomplish what they were intended to do.     

Pre-bid price run-ups and insider trading activity: Evidence from Canadian acquisitions

A sample of 128 Canadian acquisitions from 1985 through 1995 is used to examine the relationship between pre-bid price run-ups in target shares and insider trading activity. We find that abnormal stock price performance at an early stage before the acquisition announcement is due to actual trading by corporate insiders. However, the run-up immediately preceding the takeover announcement appears due to market anticipation about an impending bid for the target. Furthermore, our results identify the stages in the acquisition process at which each effect occurs.     

Investment Opportunities and the Relation Between Equity Value and Employees' Bonus

A sample of firms where employee stock options and other long‐term incentives are absent but an annual bonus is required is examined. A positive relation is found between firm equity value and stock bonus but not cash bonus. The positive relation is stronger when the firm has greater investment opportunities. Additionally, the relation is shown to be nonlinear in the sense that the marginal effect of stock bonus on equity value is positive but decreasing (negative) when the stock bonus is below (above) the breakpoint. Overall, the annual stock bonus is valued positively by investors even though it is linked to the firm's contemporaneous but not future performance.     

Hong Kong stock listing and the sensitivity of managerial compensation to firm performance in state-controlled Chinese firms

We compare the sensitivity of managerial cash compensation to firm performance, the level of long term managerial incentives, and the sensitivity of CEO turnover to firm performance for three types of state-controlled Chinese firms: A shares (firms incorporated and listed in mainland China), H shares (firms incorporated in mainland China but listed in Hong Kong), and Red Chip shares (firms incorporated outside mainland China and listed in Hong Kong). We find no difference in the three pay-for-performance sensitivity measures between H shares and A shares. The cash pay-for-performance sensitivity and the level of long-term managerial incentives are higher for Red Chip shares than for the other two firm types. However, the sensitivity of CEO turnover to firm performance is insignificant for all three firm types. Our study illustrates the complexity in the influence of mainland China’s versus Hong Kong’s institutional forces on state-controlled Chinese firms listed in Hong Kong.