天风证券赵晓光:AI让智能化不再是伪命题

资本总是时时刻刻伸展着敏锐的触角,尤其是被誉为风险爱好者冒险之旅的风险投资,往往能够从一定程度上反映出行业的热度和趋势.来自前瞻产业研究院的数据显示,在融资数量上来看,2013-2023年8月,我国AI框架行业共发生了 101起融资事件,截至2023年8月9日,我国AI框架行业投融资金额达到25.34亿元.     

我国风险投资发展的不确定因素

○网络神话是否仅是一种人为的泡沫？ ○新经济是否仅是一个炒作的概念？ 　　目前 ,我国不同类型的风险投资机构有 200多家 ,形成的风险资本累计总量超过百亿元 ,除了少数几个在海外上市的网络企业外 ,绝大多数的风险资本还处在对投资对象的选择或监督、指导风险企业运营的起步阶段 ,尚未完成一个从融资到投资 ,再到退出的完整循环。如果按国外风险投资完成一次投资循环大约需十年左右的时间来考虑 ,我国风险投资公司运作的第一个轮回 ,才刚刚启动 ,要达到最初的投资预期 ,需走过漫长的风险之路 ,而我国和国际经济运行中的诸多不确定因素是…     

高新技术企业技术创新与风险投资研究

风险资本是连接资本市场和高新技术企业的一座桥梁,通过对高技术产业化的支持,增强了企业实现技术突破和开发新产品的能力,在技术进步和创新中起到关键作用。作者在本文中首先指出高新技术企业进行的技术创新充满风险性,论证高新技术企业需要风险投资,并对风险投资公司与高新技术企业融资的动态博弈进行了分析。     

商标专用权质押融资困境及对策

依据国家工商总局商标局登记信息统计,2013年全国商标专用权质押融资数量为720件,融资金额近300亿元,呈现量价齐涨之势。其中,仅安徽省质押融资就有241件,占全国比例的33.47%,融资额比例约占12%;然而,其它约75%的省份的商标专用权质押融资件数所占比例范围仅仅为0.1%——3%,成功案例了了,全国呈极不平衡的发展态势。当前形势下,商标专用权质押存在诸多困境,分析找出对策,促进商标专用权质押融资持续健康发展是当务之急。     

负债融资结构的因素分析

企业筹资的一个重要目标是要使企业综合资本成本降至最低限度。就一般情况而言 ,长期债务的投资风险小 ,其资本成本较低 ,而权益投资的风险大 ,其资本成本也最大 ,所以企业增加长期负债在总资本中的比重 ,通常可以降低企业综合资本成本。然而企业过度地举债 ,增加总资本中的债务比重 ,势必引起企业财务状况发生变化 ,从而增加企业的财务风险 ,导致不同来源的边际资本发生变动 ,最终导致企业综合资本成本上升。因此 ,企业合理地利用负债融资 ,确定优化的负债融资结构极为重要。一、负债融资结构的理论依据1 资本结构的含义。在通常情况下 ,企…     

风险投资业中政府行为的正确定位

风险资本投资领域存在四大主体,即政府、资本拥有者、风险投资机构及风险企业。在风险投资业的初创阶段和风险企业的初建时期,政府的扶持具有特别重要的意义和作用。世界经济发展的实践表明,政府不仅能够聚集和支配其他经济主体无法拥有的大量国民收入,     

浅谈阿里巴巴吸收风险投资

阿里巴巴是风险投资成功的典型案例。阿里巴巴在吸收风险投资的融资活动中存在着确定融资时机、风险投资者、融资规模等决策的难点。阿里巴巴都较好地解决了这些难点,促进了企业的做大做强。     

引入风险投资促进集团科技成果产业化

风险投资的特点和意义 经济学中习惯将未来的不确定性对企业实现其经营目标的影响称为风险。风险投资是指专业机构或人员向高增长、潜力大、风险大的项目（多为技术密集型的创新产品和服务）提供股权融资并参与管理以取得高回报的一种投资行为。风险投资过程可分为交易活动的产生、投资机会筛选、估价、构建和投资后管理五个连续的阶段。与传统投资方式相比，风险投资具有投资周期长、投资规模大、管理复杂、风险较高等特点，一般有以下特点：一是投资对象多是高新技术企业创业或中小型高科技企业，而非老企业扩张和传统技术产品的开发；二是投资风险大、收益高，由于投资瞄准的是新技术和新产品，其技术风险、市场风险、财务风险和管理风险都较大，投资失败率较高，     

河北高客:短途客运 利润小 选车更应谨慎

“200公里以内的客运运距还是显得有点短。”河北高客的牛振河认为,受短途客运的运距限制,选择车辆更应该懊之又慎,“目前的运价在0．2～0．4元/人/公里的范畴之内,也就是说在200公里以内的客运票价基本在30～50元的范围内浮动。这个票价下的利润其实已经比较薄了,如果选择用过大的车型,很有可能赚不到钱。”“根据短途客运运距的这个特点,我们认为,每天往返两次是比较经济     

构建风险投资新机制

风险投资,是指投资人在承担较大风险的基础上,将权益资本投向具有一定竞争能力和发展潜力的产业或企业,以期获得高额回报的一种市场行为。目前,全球风险投资业发展相当迅速,尤其是美国许多新建的高科技企业股权资本中,有3/4以上是由风险投     

高新技术产业发展的金融支持研究

高新技术产业与金融存在互促共进的关系,高新技术产业化需要金融支持。高新技术产业发展技术经济系统是分为多阶段的,由于各个阶段和各个环节投融资的金融价值不同,对投融资需求的方式和数量也不同,从而导致对金融工具多样性的需求。除大型企业通过内源性融资进行研发外,高新技术产业成长根据各个阶段的目标、主体和特点不同,需要选择商业银行、投资银行、共同基金、风险投资基金、资本市场等不同的渠道融资和方式。     

风险投资进入时机对企业生产效率的影响研究

本文从风险投资进入时间及风险投资投资期限两个角度考察了风险投资进入时机对企业生产效率的影响,并进一步从企业异质性角度分析了这一影响的差异。研究发现,风险投资进入时间越早,越能有效提升企业生产效率,但是风险投资投资期限与企业生产效率呈U型关系;从企业异质性角度来看,对非高新技术企业而言,风险投资投资期限与企业生产效率的U型关系不明显。为验证结论的稳健性,本文采用更换被解释变量、增加遗漏关键变量及Heckman两步法进一步研究,结论维持不变。这一研究为风险投资如何更好地服务实体经济提供了理论支撑。     

基于互联网金融的创业企业融资优选模式研究

本文基于预购众筹、P2P 和股权众筹3种互联网金融模式的投融资决策过程,分别构建了投资者和创业企业（融资者）为决策主体的两阶段完全信息动态博弈模型,采用逆向选择法求取了纳什均衡,并分别详解了创业企业通过3种互联网融资渠道融资所获取的最优利润及其影响因素。研究发现,创业企业的融资目标金额、投资者获取的额外效用及收益贴现率是决定最优利润及其排序的关键指标。借助我国金融市场参数和互联网金融投资者偏好参数对收益贴现率和额外效用赋值后发现：随着创业企业融资目标金额的增加,创业企业为获取最优利润会依次优选预购众筹、P2P、股权众筹渠道进行融资。我国互联网金融平台的统计数据印证了这一结论。     

Learning to let go: Social influence,learning, and the abandonment of corporate venture capital practices

Research summary: This study examines the abandonment of organizational practices. We argue that firm choices in implementing practices affect how firms experience a practice and their subsequent likelihood of abandonment. We focus on utilization of the practice and staffing (i.e. career backgrounds of managers), as two important implementation choices that firms make. The findings demonstrate that practice utilization and staffing choices not only affect abandonment likelihood directly but also condition firms' susceptibility to pressures to abandon when social referents do. Our study contributes to diffusion research by examining practice abandonment—a relatively unexplored area in diffusion research—and by incorporating specific aspects of firms' post‐adoption choices into diffusion theory. Managerial summary: When do firms shut down practices? Prior research has shown that firms learn from the actions of other firms, both adopting and abandoning practices when their peers do. But unlike adoption decisions, abandonment decisions need to account for firms' own experiences with the practice. We study the abandonment of corporate venture capital (CVC) practices in the U.S. IT industry, which has experienced waves of adoption and abandonment. We find that firms that make more CVC investments are less likely to abandon the practice, and are less likely to learn vicariously from other firms' abandonment decisions, such that they are less likely to exit CVC when other firms do. Staffing choices also matter: hiring former venture capitalists makes firms less likely to abandon CVC practices, while hiring internally makes abandonment more likely. Plus, staffing choices affect how firms learn from the environment, as CVC managers pay attention to and learn more from the actions of firms that match their work backgrounds; i.e., firms that staff CVC units with former venture capitalists are more likely to follow exit decisions of VC firms, while those that staff with internal hires are more likely to follow their industry peers. Our results suggest that firms wanting to retain CVC practices should think carefully about the implementation choices they make, as they may be inadvertently sowing seeds of abandonment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Why do venture capital firms exist: An institution-based rent-seeking perspective and Chinese evidence

This paper is a theory development to Amit, Brander, and Zott (1998, Journal of Business Venturing, 13: 441-466) on the nature of venture capital firms. In their paper, the authors argue that venture capital firms exist because they fill a market niche by developing the ability to overcome extreme information asymmetry embedded in high-risk entrepreneurial firms. However, this theory encounters difficulties in explaining a variety of organizational and behavioral divides among venture capitalists in different contexts and over time. In this paper, we apply the institution-based view to reveal the nature of venture capital. We argue that it is the venture capitalists’ capability to capture economic rents from the institutional environment that distinguish them from other financial intermediaries. We show the connection of our perspective with the conventional view as well as the usefulness of this theory in explaining the development of the venture capital industry in China.     

How law,politics and transnational networks affect technology entrepreneurship: Explaining divergent venture capital investing strategies in China

This article identifies three distinct patterns of investment behavior by venture capital firms investing in technology sector start-ups in China. The first pattern is the service-oriented, technology-light investment behavior exhibited by the foreign venture capitalist firms not founded by ethnic Chinese. The second pattern is the technology creation investment pattern exhibited by foreign firms founded by ethnic Chinese and embedded in ethnic Chinese communities. The third pattern consists of local state-funded Chinese venture capital firms that choose either to invest in state-directed projects or opt out of investing in technology start-ups entirely. What explains the differences in behavior between the strictly foreign and the ethnic Chinese-embedded foreign firms are the different legal environments in which these firms honed their skills. The different learned experience gained from operating in different environments explains why the foreign firms avoid investing in technology-generating activities in China whereas the ethnic Chinese firms are willing to do so despite China’s notorious weak intellectual property rights regime. The political factors influencing the distribution of finance in China explain the behavior and essential failure of the local state-run venture capital firms. These findings demonstrate that several distinct, separate and non-clashing institutional arrangements are concurrently operating within China and shaping the behavior of venture capital firms there.     

Strategy,human capital investments,business‐domain capabilities,and performance: a study in the global software services industry

Research summary : In knowledge‐based industries, continuous human capital investments are essential for firms to enhance capabilities and sustain competitive advantage. However, such investments present a dilemma for firms, because human resources are mobile. Using detailed project‐level operational, financial, and human capital data from a leading multinational firm in the global IT services industry, this study finds that deliberate investments in improving general human capital can help firms develop superior capabilities and maintain high profits. This paper identifies two types of capabilities essential for success in this industry—technological and business‐domain capabilities—and provides empirical evidence justifying such investments. Theoretical and practical implications of capability‐seeking general human capital investments are discussed. Managerial summary : The primary managerial implication of this research is that capability‐seeking investments in developing general human capital through strategic learning (training and internal certifications) can enhance firm performance. Although investing in general human capital is risky, the firm considered this a strategic necessity in order to thrive in the fast paced IT services industry. By leveraging general technological skills in combination with business‐domain knowledge to address customer's business problems firms can earn and sustain higher profits. Our study also demonstrates how a developing‐country firm responded to strong competitive challenge from global rivals possessing superior capabilities by upgrading the capabilities of its employees through internal development. In doing so the firm was able to narrow the capability gap vis‐à‐vis its foreign peers and expand its business globally. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

温州非公有制工业企业融资效率模糊评价

温州非公有制工业公有制工业企业对温州经济的贡献与其所获得的金融资源极不相称。企业融资效率的提高对企业的发展至关重要。影响企业融资效率的主要因素有：资金成本、资金到位率、资金利用率和资金市场成熟度。效率及其评价指标具有模糊性，适合用模糊数学的模糊评价法来研究。本文结合温州非公有制工业企业的融资特点，对企业最可能采取的七种融资方式的融资效率进行了模糊综合评价，并从资金供给方和需求方的不同角度提出了提高融资效率的建议。     

风险企业薪酬策略研究

本文讨论了基于人员流动研究风险企业薪酬激励的重要性，通过对Paul Oyer的薪酬策略数学模型的分析，讨论了该模型的缺陷并进行了改进，探讨了风险企业的所有者如何选择最优的薪酬策略模式，在保证对员工进行有效的激励的前提下，达到所有者权益最大化的目标。     

中国家族企业发展中面临的问题与对策建议

家族企业易于创业 ,但在企业做大之后守业困难 ,要求家族企业克服家长作风、任人惟亲、个人主义和分家等积习 ,引入社会资本和社会人力资源。当前中国家族企业发展迅速 ,但企业普遍面临着职业经理人员引入、融资困难、企业制度不规范、缺乏战略考虑、企业文化和社会歧视等问题。家族企业要走出一条可持续发展的道路 ,必须对现有产权结构、人才结构、组织方式、文化理念等各层面进行变革 ,成为两权分离的现代企业。